snow hydrology: microwave interaction with snowpack do-hyuk “dk” kang environmental engineering...

Snow Hydrology: Microwave Interaction with Snowpack

Do-Hyuk “DK” Kang

Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Northern British Columbia

December 5th, 2013

Northern Hydrometeorology Group

Frolov and Marchert 1999, Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

EM WAVE PROPAGATION

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Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

RF SYSTEM DESIGN

TRANSMITTER: BY VADUM INC

RECEIVER:NI VSA & PREAMP

LABORATORY TEST

Amplitudes and Histograms

Phase and Fourier Transforms

*21 *. AA

)exp()exp( 12211 jAjA

meter01.04

Key Words

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

Tb

Ts

a

''n

b

pec s

'

s freq LWC

''

Model Setup

• State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer

• 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes with multi-layer

• Hourly Met. Data needed to drive model• Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks,

Corresponding Tb [K], emissivity [ ], and Teff [K]

Site Descriptions

• Valdai, Russia, 78~83, SMMR, 25X25 km• CLPX 2002-2003, 02~03, SSM/I, AMSR-E 25X25

km

Coupled Model I : Snow Physics

Mass Balance

EnergyBalance

Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation

3' 861.15995.11 ssd

^'''' )/(0994.1 Af

Kang and Barros 2010

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

nnb DsT )1(

nnb DsT )1(

VALDAI

CLPX

Schanda and Matzler

1981

Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

nnb DsT )1(

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

Wiscomb and Warren 1980 VS Mätzler 2000 2997924 GHz = infrared 37 GHz = microwave

Ice-Lamellae Model (Mätzler 2000, DK imp.)

Six flux theory: r, t, and e

Scattering: multi freq.

Future Topics

• Grain size• Ice lenses within snow layers• Depth hoar/surface hoar• First snow

• Intensity (radiative trnaser)• Electric Dipole Moment• Impedance Matching

Questions

Schanda and Matzler

1981

Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

nnb DsT )1(

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al. 2012

Accepted in IEEE

Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

'2''2'''

''

2

sgn n ba

Dry Snow Wet Snow

Water Presence

nnb DsT )1(

1 tre

Coupled Model

Kang and Barros 2010

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

Matzler and Wisemann1999 RS and Env

nnb DsT )1(

BC ministry, Environment Canada

VIC application to FRB

Summary

• Introduced L band Snow Sensor

• Simulated Snow Physics and Radiation Physics in both Valdai and CLPX 2002

Future View

• NCEP based model application into FRB

• NARR based model application into FRB expected Paper 1: point scale snow hydrology assessment + VIC watershed scale investigation

• Radar response Paper 2: grain size, LWC toward radar backscattering signals

Key Words

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

pol.''n pec s freq Water

incluson

back rF

VpolHpol,

mP

Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRSColbeck 1974

nnb DsT )1(

1 tre

Based on Chang et al. 1987

Based on Chang et al. 1987

CLPX

VALDAI

CLPX

Outline

• Coupled multi-layered snow physics model with passive microwave simulator

• Demonstrated model performance at two different locations:1) Valdai, Russia and 2) CLPX 2002

Model Setup

• State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer

• 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes

• Hourly Met. Data from RUC40 MM5• Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks,

Corresponding Tb, es, and Teff [K]

VALDAI

Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation

3' 861.15995.11 ssd

^'''' )/(0994.1 Af

Kang and Barros 2010

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

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Part 1: Motivations

• History of Snow Hydrology Model• Legacy of Microwave Remote Sensing of

Snowpack• Challenge in measurement of snowpack

Snow Hydrology Forward Radiation

Coupled Model

Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRSColbeck 1974

Key Words

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

Tb

Ts

Part 2: Implementation

• Snow Physics Model• Snow Radiation Model• Challenge in measurement of snowpack

Physics Model Radiation Model

Coupled Model

Key Words

Radiation Physics

Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Windows/irwindows.html

Hallikainen 1986, TGRS