sports injuries & its prevention

Seminar OnSPORTS INJURIES & ITS PREVENTION

B.C.D.A. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY

DR. N.N. BALA

Under the guidance of :

Presented by

AKASH MITRA , DEBAYAN SIKDAR & DIPRAJ MONDAL

4TH YEAR , 7TH SEMESTER

University Roll No: 20101913004,

20101913018,

20101913020,

INTRODUCTION :

The kind of injuries that most commonly occur

during sports or exercise.

Some sports injuries result from accidents: others

due to poor training practices, improper

equipment or insufficient warm-up or stretching.

While it is possible to injure any part of the body when playing sports, the term sports injuries is commonly used to refer to injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

CLASSIFIED AS ..

Sports injuries

traumatic

extrinsic

acute chronic

intrinsic

overuse

ACUTE INJURIES :

Characterized by sudden appearance of symptoms usually associated with a single traumatic incident.

Pain and loss of function are immediate.

These can be classified as either:

Direct: caused by external force as collision

between two players or

between player and equipment

Bruises

Fracture

Cuts

Indirect: Caused by internal force as over

stretching a ligament in sudden change direction

in turnover in basketball.

Strain

Sprain

Tear

ACUTE INJURIES

SPRAINS AND STRAINS

A sprain is an injury that involves the ligaments and

other soft tissues around a joint, such as an ankle or

wrist. It is a stretch or tear of a ligament.

A strain occurs away from a joint and involves a twisted,

torn or over-stretched muscle or tendon, commonly in

the calf, thigh or lower back.

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS :

Pain at the site of the injury

Loss of power in the injured area especially

with a sprained joint

Swelling of the injured area

Nausea

Feeling faint

Pale, cold and clammy skin due to shock

Overuse injuries :

*Due to excessive and repeated use of the same

muscle, joint or bone.

*Gradual increase of pain.

COMMON SPORTS INJURIES :

Ankle sprains : Typically

occurs when the foot turns

inward.

Groin pull: Pushing off in a

side-to-side motion causes strain

of the inner thigh muscles, or groin

Hamstring strain: is a

tear of the hamstring muscle

fibres.

soccer, football, baseball,

basketball, and many track

and field events.

Shin splints: pain along the

outside front of the lower leg,

due to inflammation of thin layer

cover bone and by tiny fracture

in the bone.

Tennis elbow (epicondylitis) : It is an injury to the

muscles on the outside (lateral aspect) of the elbow that

results from overuse or repetitive stress of the elbow

muscle.

Patellofemoral Syndrome : The repetitive

movement of your kneecap (patella) against your thigh

bone (femur).

CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Is a progressive degenerative disease found in people who

have had a severe blow or repeated blows to the head.

The disease was previously called dementia pugilistic (DP), i.e.

"punch-drunk," as it was initially found in those with a history of

boxing.

CTE has been most commonly found in professional athletes

participating in American football, rugby, ice hockey, boxing,

professional wrestling and other contact sports who have

repeated concussions or other brain trauma.

WHAT IS CHRONIC TRAUMATIC

ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE)?

Main Symptoms include :

Generally begin 8–10 years after experiencing

repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Disorientation

Dizziness

Headaches

Memory loss

Social instability

Slowing of muscular movements

Impeded speech

Tremors

Vertigo

Deafness

WHIPLASH INJURY :

Sudden hyperextension and injury

to neck.

An acceleration/ deceleration

Mechanism of Energy transfer to the neck

Whip-like movement

CAUSES:

Contact sport injuries

Accidental/ intentional blows to head

Child abuse- shaking, hitting

Cervical injury

Neck pain: The hallmark symptom

Lower Back Pain

Stiffness

Abnormal sensations arms (burning/ paraesthesia)

Whiplash Syndrome

• continual headache

• pain

• reduced movement

• lumbar pains

• sleep disturbance

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

General neurological

symptoms

• dizziness

• headache

• blurred vision

• pain on swallowing

• ringing in ears

• irritability

INVESTIGATIONS

X-rays

CT

MRI

Increase tear in cervical ligament &

vasculature

Disk herniation

Medication : Analgesic prevent breakthrough

pain, Muscle relaxant- Diazepam/ Baclofen

Physical Therapy/ Rehabilitation

:

Keep neck moving as normally as possible !

Collars not recommended, Gentle

mobilisation, Avoid ‘stiffening-up ’, quicker

recovery with gentle exercise.

TREATMENT :

HOW CAN WE REDUCE

THE RISK OR HAZARDS ?

Health/ Fitness

Skill and technique

Training

Warm up/ Warm down

Correct clothing and equipment

Correct footwear

No Jewellery

Proper Diet

ACUTE INJURY MANAGEMENT : RICE Method :

R – Rest – 2-3 days with

immobilization.

I – Ice – Reduces pain and spasm,

minimizes cell death and causes vasoconstriction.

C – Compression – Decreases

swelling by slowing the flow of fluid

to the area.

E – Elevation – Decreases swelling by encouraging blood to return to the heart.

CHRONIC INJURY MANAGEMENT :

Pain killer& NSAIDs

Immobilization: prevent further damage by reducing

movement, reduces pain, muscle swelling and muscle

spasm.

REHABILITATION

Start with alternative training

Circuit training

Conditioning

Endurance

Flexibility

Strength training

Stretching techniques

Warm-up

Weight training

PREVENTION OF SPORT INJURIES

Warm Up

Cool Down

Hydration

Proper Technique

Equipment

Physical Conditioning

Facilities Management

Balanced Opponents

Rules and Enforcement

IF WE DIDN’T TRY AND REDUCE THE

RISK IN SPORT, WHAT COULD

HAPPEN ?

Injuries : Such as pulled muscles, broken bones

etc.

Illnesses : Such as heart attack, shock, asthma

attack etc.

CONCLUSION

All sports pose a risk of injury

Research the interested sport prior to participation

Know the rules, equipment needed, and who will supervise / coach your child

Seek a pre-participation physical exam

Have fun and play hard

REFERENCE

International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2015;1(4): 107-109

www.cdc.gov/mrsa/groups/advice-for-athletes.html

www.emedicinehealth.com/mrsa_infection/article_em.htm

www.mwdicinenet.com/mrsa_infection/article.htm

www.mayoclinic.com/healthy/mrsa/DS00735

www.nlm.nih.gov/medicineplus/ency/article/007261

P Bates. Shin splints-a literature review. Br J Sports Med

1985; 19:132-137

THANK YOU