sports injuries & its prevention
TRANSCRIPT
Seminar OnSPORTS INJURIES & ITS PREVENTION
B.C.D.A. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY & TECHNOLOGY
DR. N.N. BALA
Under the guidance of :
Presented by
AKASH MITRA , DEBAYAN SIKDAR & DIPRAJ MONDAL
4TH YEAR , 7TH SEMESTER
University Roll No: 20101913004,
20101913018,
20101913020,
INTRODUCTION :
The kind of injuries that most commonly occur
during sports or exercise.
Some sports injuries result from accidents: others
due to poor training practices, improper
equipment or insufficient warm-up or stretching.
While it is possible to injure any part of the body when playing sports, the term sports injuries is commonly used to refer to injuries of the musculoskeletal system.
CLASSIFIED AS ..
Sports injuries
traumatic
extrinsic
acute chronic
intrinsic
overuse
ACUTE INJURIES :
Characterized by sudden appearance of symptoms usually associated with a single traumatic incident.
Pain and loss of function are immediate.
These can be classified as either:
Direct: caused by external force as collision
between two players or
between player and equipment
Bruises
Fracture
Cuts
Indirect: Caused by internal force as over
stretching a ligament in sudden change direction
in turnover in basketball.
Strain
Sprain
Tear
ACUTE INJURIES
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
A sprain is an injury that involves the ligaments and
other soft tissues around a joint, such as an ankle or
wrist. It is a stretch or tear of a ligament.
A strain occurs away from a joint and involves a twisted,
torn or over-stretched muscle or tendon, commonly in
the calf, thigh or lower back.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS :
Pain at the site of the injury
Loss of power in the injured area especially
with a sprained joint
Swelling of the injured area
Nausea
Feeling faint
Pale, cold and clammy skin due to shock
Overuse injuries :
*Due to excessive and repeated use of the same
muscle, joint or bone.
*Gradual increase of pain.
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES :
Ankle sprains : Typically
occurs when the foot turns
inward.
Groin pull: Pushing off in a
side-to-side motion causes strain
of the inner thigh muscles, or groin
Hamstring strain: is a
tear of the hamstring muscle
fibres.
soccer, football, baseball,
basketball, and many track
and field events.
Shin splints: pain along the
outside front of the lower leg,
due to inflammation of thin layer
cover bone and by tiny fracture
in the bone.
Tennis elbow (epicondylitis) : It is an injury to the
muscles on the outside (lateral aspect) of the elbow that
results from overuse or repetitive stress of the elbow
muscle.
Patellofemoral Syndrome : The repetitive
movement of your kneecap (patella) against your thigh
bone (femur).
CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Is a progressive degenerative disease found in people who
have had a severe blow or repeated blows to the head.
The disease was previously called dementia pugilistic (DP), i.e.
"punch-drunk," as it was initially found in those with a history of
boxing.
CTE has been most commonly found in professional athletes
participating in American football, rugby, ice hockey, boxing,
professional wrestling and other contact sports who have
repeated concussions or other brain trauma.
WHAT IS CHRONIC TRAUMATIC
ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE)?
Main Symptoms include :
Generally begin 8–10 years after experiencing
repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.
Disorientation
Dizziness
Headaches
Memory loss
Social instability
Slowing of muscular movements
Impeded speech
Tremors
Vertigo
Deafness
WHIPLASH INJURY :
Sudden hyperextension and injury
to neck.
An acceleration/ deceleration
Mechanism of Energy transfer to the neck
Whip-like movement
CAUSES:
Contact sport injuries
Accidental/ intentional blows to head
Child abuse- shaking, hitting
Cervical injury
Neck pain: The hallmark symptom
Lower Back Pain
Stiffness
Abnormal sensations arms (burning/ paraesthesia)
Whiplash Syndrome
• continual headache
• pain
• reduced movement
• lumbar pains
• sleep disturbance
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
General neurological
symptoms
• dizziness
• headache
• blurred vision
• pain on swallowing
• ringing in ears
• irritability
INVESTIGATIONS
X-rays
CT
MRI
Increase tear in cervical ligament &
vasculature
Disk herniation
Medication : Analgesic prevent breakthrough
pain, Muscle relaxant- Diazepam/ Baclofen
Physical Therapy/ Rehabilitation
:
Keep neck moving as normally as possible !
Collars not recommended, Gentle
mobilisation, Avoid ‘stiffening-up ’, quicker
recovery with gentle exercise.
TREATMENT :
HOW CAN WE REDUCE
THE RISK OR HAZARDS ?
Health/ Fitness
Skill and technique
Training
Warm up/ Warm down
Correct clothing and equipment
Correct footwear
No Jewellery
Proper Diet
ACUTE INJURY MANAGEMENT : RICE Method :
R – Rest – 2-3 days with
immobilization.
I – Ice – Reduces pain and spasm,
minimizes cell death and causes vasoconstriction.
C – Compression – Decreases
swelling by slowing the flow of fluid
to the area.
E – Elevation – Decreases swelling by encouraging blood to return to the heart.
CHRONIC INJURY MANAGEMENT :
Pain killer& NSAIDs
Immobilization: prevent further damage by reducing
movement, reduces pain, muscle swelling and muscle
spasm.
REHABILITATION
Start with alternative training
Circuit training
Conditioning
Endurance
Flexibility
Strength training
Stretching techniques
Warm-up
Weight training
PREVENTION OF SPORT INJURIES
Warm Up
Cool Down
Hydration
Proper Technique
Equipment
Physical Conditioning
Facilities Management
Balanced Opponents
Rules and Enforcement
IF WE DIDN’T TRY AND REDUCE THE
RISK IN SPORT, WHAT COULD
HAPPEN ?
Injuries : Such as pulled muscles, broken bones
etc.
Illnesses : Such as heart attack, shock, asthma
attack etc.
CONCLUSION
All sports pose a risk of injury
Research the interested sport prior to participation
Know the rules, equipment needed, and who will supervise / coach your child
Seek a pre-participation physical exam
Have fun and play hard
REFERENCE
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2015;1(4): 107-109
www.cdc.gov/mrsa/groups/advice-for-athletes.html
www.emedicinehealth.com/mrsa_infection/article_em.htm
www.mwdicinenet.com/mrsa_infection/article.htm
www.mayoclinic.com/healthy/mrsa/DS00735
www.nlm.nih.gov/medicineplus/ency/article/007261
P Bates. Shin splints-a literature review. Br J Sports Med
1985; 19:132-137
THANK YOU