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Sustainable Energy Project Development Workshop for

Public Institutions May 22, 2008

Oakland UniversityJim Leidel

Energy Manager

Thank you to our sponsors:Oakland University Facilities ManagementSE Michigan Resource Development CouncilEntegrity Wind SystemsState of Michigan Energy OfficeChevron Energy SolutionsThermo Energy Systems

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Introduction to Renewable Energy Resources

SolarWindBiomassOthers

Brief Review of Oakland University Feasibility Studies

(Terawatts)

0.2%

0.02%

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Energy and the Environment

Alternative Energy Resources

Solar

4

cosmic rays

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100% Solar

Electric Power ?

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Link to Spreadsheet

Calculation of Solar Panle Area Required to Meet 2002 US Electrical Energy Consumption

Annual electrical energy required = 1.25E+19 Joules / yr= 3.47E+12 kW hr / yr

Average POWER of full sun at solar panel = 1,000 W / m2

= 1.0 kW / m2

Average capacity factor 20%Hours per year 8,760 hours / yr

Average solar ENERGY available to solar panel = 1752 kW hr / m2 / yr= 4.8 kW hr / m2 / day

Estimated average PV total system efficiency = 10%Estimated average system losses = 15%Estimated electrical energy output = 148.92 kW hr / m2 / yr

= 0.408 kW hr / m2 / dayArea required 2.33E+10 m2

Area required 2.51E+11 ft2

Area required 5,761,310 acresArea required 9,002 miles2

~ Vermont

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Nellis Air Force Range & the Nevada Test Site

= 16,000 square miles

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Photosynthesis: Nature’s way to convert sunlight, CO2, water and nutrients into chemical energy

BioMass

Photosynthesis:CO2 + H2O + solar energy O2 + glucose

Reverse of photosynthesis:

CO2 + H2O + heat energy O2 + glucose

… also called combustion, oxidation, biodegradation…chemical bonds in glucose are broken

… nature’s battery stores solar energy in chemical bonds of glucose.

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Prospecting forBiomass ?

2005

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11

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BIOMASS CROPS

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Switchgrass

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The Wind

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WindSpeed @50mHeight

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WindSpeed @70mHeight

WindSpeed @100mHeight

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Other Sources:Hydro Power

Geothermal Energy

Ocean Thermal

Ocean Currents

Tidal Energy

Wave Energy

Next,

A Brief Review of Oakland University Feasibility Studies

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Wind Power Option

for Oakland University

• Wind Speed Study Results•Wind speed was recorded for two years at a 50 meter tall “met tower” located on the south side of the main campus•Data collected for 2006 & 2007

• Feasibility Study Results•This data was then used in a full engineering and cost analysis for one or more wind turbines for the Oakland campus

There were two parts of the study

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Height Wind Speed Method 30 m 3.0 m/s measured40 m 3.6 m/s measured50 m 4.1 m/s measured

75 m 5.2 m/s calculated 80 m 5.4 m/s calculated100 m 6.2 m/s calculated

Average Wind Data Results

Meters per second

Wind Speed Frequency Distribution at 50 Meters (percent time for each wind speed)

Here is a small samplingof the type of data gained

in the wind study

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Annual Average Wind Power DensityWind Rose at 50 Meter Height

(shows magnitude and direction of annual wind power potential)

50 W/m2

100 W/m2

150 W/m2

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

30 meter

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

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0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d(%

)

30 meter

40 meter

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

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0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Win

d Tu

rbin

e O

ut p

ut (k

W)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

Turbine Power

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases1,500 kW Turbine

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600W

ind

Turb

ine

Out

put

(kW

)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

60 meter

Turbine Power

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

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0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Win

d Tu

rbin

e O

ut p

ut (k

W)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

60 meter

70 meter

Turbine Power

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600W

ind

Turb

ine

Out

put

(kW

)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

60 meter

70 meter

80 meter

Turbine Power

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

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0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Win

d Tu

rbin

e O

ut p

ut (k

W)

30 meter

40 meter

50 meter

60 meter

70 meter

80 meter

90 meter

Turbine Power

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

Frequency of Wind Speed as Height Increases

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Freq

uenc

y at

Giv

en W

ind

Spee

d (%

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600W

ind

Turb

ine

Out

put

(kW

)

30 meter40 meter50 meter60 meter70 meter80 meter90 meter100 meterTurbine Power

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Energy Production (kWhr) as Height Increases

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Wind Speed (meters / second)

Win

d Tu

rbin

e Pr

oduc

tion

(kW

hr) p30m

p40mp50mp80mp100m

1

2 3

4

Potential Installation

Sites

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( image courtesy of Khales Dahr & Jim Leidel )

Artist’s Rendering of Oakland Wind Turbine

Here is a typical wind turbine under consideration 1,500 kW each

77 meter bladediameter

100 meter tower

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Illustration of turbine components

Projected Cost per kW-hr Electricity Over 25 Year Project

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$(500,000)

$-

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

2,010

2,012

2,014

2,016

2,018

2,020

2,022

2,024

2,026

2,028

2,030

2,032

2,034

Net Annual Cash Flow

Cumulative Cash Flow

15 year CREB @ 0% 20 year financing on remainder @ 4.5% 3% utility cost escalation 3% O&M cost escalation 1.5 cent / kWhr REC's

Net Annual and Cumulative Cash Flow Over 25 Year Project(construction in 2009, beginning operation in 2010)

Biomass Power Option

for Oakland University

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• Wood supply• Campus growth &

future needs• Wood boilers• Proposed sites• Costs & savings

We looked at 14 counties in SE Michigan & found 1.7 million tons of urban waste wood per year

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Existing biomass power plants

Nearby wood recyclers could easily serve the new system

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Central Michigan University

Northern Michigan University is developing a plant

Other campuses heat with wood

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(note: only water vapor is coming from stack) photo - Jim Leidel 2005

CMU Wood Boiler Plant(heats most of campus)

Next we look at the future needs for campus:

1. Replace aging boilers2. More capacity for future growth

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265Total51 / marginal195732B-4

49 / fair195934B-339 / good1969100B-239 / good1969100B-1

Age in years / Condition

Year Installed

Capacity (MMBTU/hr)

Unit

Existing Central Heating Plant

14,37916,059

18,082

25,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1997 2002 2007 2020

Undergraduate Graduate

Oakland University Ten Year Fall Enrollment Growth with 2020 Vision

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$2.0M

$3.4M

$5.3M

$8.4M

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

1997 2002 2007 2020

Electric cost Natural gas cost

Millions

Oakland University Ten Year Energy Growth with 2020 Vision2020 Projection based on $0.085/kWhr electricity and $11/MMBTU gas

We then looked at various wood boiler systems

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Vynke Stoker(Steam & HW)

Typical VynkePlant Layout

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ThreeProposed Site Locations

Artist’s Renderings

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A new wood storage building (in Kingsville, Ontario) 80 MMBTU/hr

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Annual operating savings are in the range of $1.5 million

Operating Cost Estimates

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Overview of an Integrated, Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

Overview of an Integrated, Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

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Overview of an Integrated, Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

Overview of an Integrated, Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

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Overview of an Integrated, Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

100%100%100%100%Totals

20%Wind Power

50%80%Biomass Boiler Plant

10%5%Diesel Generators

20%95%Detroit Edison

20%100%Central Heating Plant (natural gas)

ElectricalThermal(Heating)

ElectricalThermal(Heating)

Proposed Renewable Energy

Existing Fossil Fuel Mix

Overview of an Integrated Renewable Energy Supply Infrastructure

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Biomass & WindPower

Sustainable Energy Options for the Future of Oakland University

For more info visit www.oakland.edu/energy