taylor delph james cannariato kayla abrott abby grove ashley george
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Taylor DelphJames Cannariato
Kayla AbrottAbby Grove
Ashley George
Ahh! Volcanoes!Ahh! Volcanoes!
The Creation StoryThe Creation Story
Oceanic Continental
Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates
Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates
Oceanic Oceanic
Continental Continental
Convergent PlatesConvergent Plates
Features of VolcanoesFeatures of Volcanoes
3 Different Types of 3 Different Types of Volcanoes!Volcanoes!
Cinder Cone Volcanoes!Cinder Cone Volcanoes!
Paricutin Paricutin
Stratovolcanoes! Stratovolcanoes! (Composite)(Composite)
Mt. FujiMt. Fuji
Mt. Rainier Mt. Rainier
Mt. PinatuboMt. Pinatubo
Why areWhy arevolcanoes volcanoes
important??important??
Our team studied know effects of volcanoes and sought to uncover their impact on earth’s climate. We also developed a geo-engineering solution proposition.
Volcano HazardsVolcano Hazards Volcanoes emit hazards that destroy
everything in their path, including…• Blasts• Lahars• Pyroclastic Flows• Lava• Poisonous Gases
Initial BlastsInitial Blasts
The Initial blast of the Pinatubo volcano was an incredibly powerful event that decimated any and everything nearby.• 240 megatons of thermal energy were released in
eruption. (way more than a nuclear bomb.)• A giant ash cloud was released that rose 35 km into
the air.• Hot gases and lava surged into the surrounding
country side and burned everything.• Volcano Domination
PyroClastic FlowPyroClastic Flow Pyroclastic flows are huge swirling
clouds of fire, sulfur, rock, and poisonous death that explode out onto the surface
The cloud flows at extremely high speed down the surface of the mountain.• Because the material is too heavy to be lifted
up into the air, but hot enough to garner some lift, there is little friction with the ground to hinder its movement.
LaharLahar A mudflow or landslide
composed of pyroclastic material (tephra) and water that flows down the side of a volcano
Can flow down the side of the volcano at 60 mph.
At Pinatubo, Lahars were formed by the typhoon that was passing through the area at the time, increasing its killing power.
LavaLava Lava is molten rock that is over
2000° F. That is hot enough to melt/destroy everything.
Molten magma billows up from inside the the earth’s crust, and comes out onto the surface and flows down the mountain side.• Overtime, this builds up to create new land
masses (Ex: Hawaii)
Hot Ash & SulfurHot Ash & Sulfur Volcanoes release all kinds of poisonous
gases and materials into the atmosphere• These include: Sulfur, HCl( stomach acid), CO2,
ash, and other horrible pollutants• Sulfur reacts with the water molecules to create
aerosols which reflect solar energ back into space; albedo effect
• The HCl come back into the atmosphere as a acid rain, which can damage lungs, eyeballs, paint, and plant life.
• After the Pinatubo explosion, the pollutants created dazzling sunsets as the light was refracted into reds and purples and oranges.
The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect What is the ozone? Location Absorbs 93-99% of
the sun’s harmful radiation
The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect Sulfur Dioxide Gases – not a direct
role in cooling Ozone depletion
The Ozone EffectThe Ozone Effect Our fault? Climate change
•Five types of fine particles contribute to haze: sulfates, nitrates, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and crustal material.
•Haze is caused by fine particles that scatter and absorb light, stopping it from reaching the earth’s surface and lowering global temperatures
• Large volcanic eruption columns spew ash particles and sulfuric gases into the troposphere and stratosphere, creating clouds that can remain for weeks after the eruption
• The sulfurous gases combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic aerosols that also absorb incoming solar radiation and scatter it back out into space
• Hard to measure
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse gases• Carbon Dioxide,
Methane, N2O, CFCs Short wavelength
radiation• UV and visible light
Greenhouse Effect + Mt. Pinatubo
Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming
Haze Effect
« Ash cloud, Mt. Pinatubo
Photo courtesy of NOAA
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-do-volcanoes-affect-w
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html http://climate-change.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_haze_particles_aff
ect_climate http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home.html http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/news/2009/greenhousegas_index_2008.html http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/SAGE_prt.htm http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SOLAR/learning-aerosol.html http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/ http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/ozone http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/climate http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home http://oceanandair.coas.oregonstate.edu/index.cfm?
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