telemedicine and telecare basics

bibliographic study

TELEMEDICINE and TELECARE basics

Andrei Mihai Andrei Mihai CRCRĂCIUNĂCIUN

contentscontents

Telemedicine / Telehealth / TelecareDevelopment of telemedicineOverview: developed countries vs.

underdeveloped countriesPurpose, benefits and limitations of

telemedicineCase studyConclusions and further work

purpose of the study?purpose of the study?

Why can I find different definitions of telemedicine

What are the origins and development of telemedicine

How is telemedicine used in rich countries vs. poor countries

What is the future of telemedicine?

telemedicine / telehealth / telemedicine / telehealth / telecaretelecare

telemedicine: tele – .gr “far”, “at a distance”

medicine delivered at a distanceThe use of information and communication

technologies to transfer medical information for the delivery of clinical and educational services

Telemedicine Telemedicine offers you attendance offers you attendance !!??

telemedicine / telehealth / telemedicine / telehealth / telecaretelecare

telehealth: The use of information and communication

technologies to transfer healthcare information for the delivery of clinical, administrative and educational services Introduced as a field in mid 1990’sIntroduced as a field in mid 1990’s Transfer data and medical informationsTransfer data and medical informations

Learning coursesLearning courses Public medical info channelsPublic medical info channels Consultations (psychiatric i.e.)Consultations (psychiatric i.e.)

telemedicine / telehealth / telemedicine / telehealth / telecaretelecare

telecare:The use of information and communication

technologies to transfer medical information for the diagnosis and therapy of patiens in their place of domicile

For a specific group of patiens with long-term chronic conditions

Mental healthDisabilityWith reduce freedom of movement

why so many definitions?

Telemedicine: Telemedicine: use of information and communication technologies to transfer medical information for the delivery of clinical and educational services

Telehealth: Telehealth: use of information and communication technologies to transfer healthcare information for the delivery of clinical, administrative and educational services

Telcare: Telcare: use of information and communication technologies to transfer medical information for the delivery of clinical services to patiens

development of telemedicinedevelopment of telemedicine

Was not invented as a well-defined discipline with specialized instrumentation and protocols

Nowadays there are four phases of telemedicine, that are officially identified:Telegraphy and telephony (1840s-1920s)Radio (1920s, main tech until ‘50)Television/space technologies (1950s-

onwards, main tech until ‘80)Digital technologies (1990s-onwards)

overview: overview: developeddeveloped vs. vs. undeveloped undeveloped countriescountries

“Whatever the political persuasion of its government, culture or beliefs, every developed nation is facing difficulties with the delivery of healthcare to its citizens”

Increasing age of the populationIncreasing cost of medical technologyPatient expectationsEconomic and social change

overview: overview: developeddeveloped vs. vs. undeveloped undeveloped countriescountries

It’s all about money?

Specialists

Cost-benefit equation

Access

overview: developed vs. overview: developed vs. undevelopedundeveloped countriescountries

Finance, organization, culture and/or distance often does not allow authorities to provide even basic healthcare

Communicable diseases and deaths from childbirth: more than 80% of the 51 mil deaths worldwide (1993)

Life expectancy in developed world is about 78 years In underdeveloped world is about 43 years

purposepurpose, benefits and limitations , benefits and limitations ofof telemedicinetelemedicine

The purpose and categorization of telemedicine / telecare have changed as technology has developed

1. Tele-consultationSupport clinical decision making, about 35%

usage of telemedicine networks

Real-timeStore-and-forward

purposepurpose, benefits and limitations , benefits and limitations ofof telemedicinetelemedicine

2. Tele-educationClinical education from tele-consultationClinical education via the InternetAcademic study via the InternetPublic education via the Internet

Depends on who is the recipient and what is the purpose of the transmission

purposepurpose, benefits and limitations , benefits and limitations ofof telemedicinetelemedicine

3. Tele-monitoringThe use of a telecommunications link to gather

routine or repeated data on a patient’s condition

The patient may be in a hospital, at home, on an aircraft or wearing an ambulatory device

CTI – computer telephone integrated Special watches

purposepurpose, benefits and limitations , benefits and limitations ofof telemedicinetelemedicine

4. Tele-surgeryThe assistance given by specialists to surgeons

carrying out a surgical procedure at a remote location

A/V connection Tele-presence surgery

historyhistory

TelegraphyTelegraphy was used during the American Civil War to report casualty lists and continued with the radiotelegraph invented by Marconi (1897)

1920s-1930s, were introduced several radio-medical services

historyhistory

1955 Nebraska Psychiatric InstituteNorfolk State Hospital

First tele-psychiatry

1970s Alaska Satellite Biomedical Demonstration Programvillage health

Data collection, tele-education

nowadaysnowadays

nowadaysnowadays

radio streamer

satellite channel

telephone, GSM, internet

Internet barebone

medium & standardconverter(MODEM)

Ethernet to Ethernet to telemedicintelemedicin

e set-upe set-up

nowadaysnowadays

nowadaysnowadays

nowadaysnowadays

conclusions and further workconclusions and further workMoving telemedicine intro mainstream

cost effectivePolicy and strategies

unfortunatly, politicians have to delay evolution / revolution

TelecareHome telemedicine will rule

What is the role of Internet?

We have to enhance healthcare in undeveloped countries

conclusions and further workconclusions and further work

To do:Dig through archives, get newer infoSet a field of interestSeek a problem / opportunity

Start solving it

Answear the following facts:How can I make that betterHow can I create something betterWhy do we need something better?

references 1. A.C. Norris1. A.C. Norris:: Essentials of Telemedicine and Telcare,

Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand, 2005

2. 2. Isao Nakajima:Isao Nakajima: Worldwide trends in universal service funds and telemedicine, Springer Science LLC 2009

3. 3. Sodin PuSodin Pușcoci:școci: Florin Șerbănescu: Telemedicina, concepte, principii, aplicații,2004

4. Marian Stoica: 4. Marian Stoica: Telemedicina și E-sănătate, ASE București, 2002

5. Institutul Clinic Fundeni, NASA:5. Institutul Clinic Fundeni, NASA: the aerospace program: telemedicine pilot project, 2002

Thankyou for your attention. Any questions?