the catholic reformation. the catholic church responds initial response to the protestants reassert...
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The Catholic ReformationThe Catholic Reformation
The Catholic Church RespondsThe Catholic Church Responds
Initial Response to the Protestants
Reassert traditional theology Very aggressive opposition
Intent on rooting out Protestantism
Acknowledged some poor clerical behavior
Counter ReformationCounter Reformation
Started in the 1540s as a reaction to the Started in the 1540s as a reaction to the Protestant reformation.Protestant reformation.
Too often the popes were preoccupied Too often the popes were preoccupied with politics or sensual pleasures. with politics or sensual pleasures.
Popes resisted calls for the formation of Popes resisted calls for the formation of a general council because it would limit a general council because it would limit their authority.their authority.
The InquisitionThe Inquisition
Spanish Inquisition—the auto-da-fe
• The Church initially responded to the Reformation by persecuting Protestants
• The Inquisition reappeared
• Pope Paul IV took a very repressive attitude towards the Protestants
The Council of Trent The Council of Trent
Pope Paul III Pope Paul III called the called the Council of Trent Council of Trent (1545-1563). (1545-1563).
– An attempt to An attempt to reconcile with reconcile with the Protestants the Protestants failed. failed.
– International International politics hindered politics hindered the theological the theological debates.debates.
The Catholic Reformation
The council maintained papal authority The council maintained papal authority and began a spiritual renewal of the and began a spiritual renewal of the church.church.– The church’s The church’s interpretationinterpretation of the Bible is final of the Bible is final– Need Need faith and good worksfaith and good works for salvation for salvation– FalseFalse selling of indulgences banned selling of indulgences banned– SimonySimony and and pluralismpluralism outlawed outlawed– Attempts were made to curb clerical Attempts were made to curb clerical
immoralityimmorality and to encourage and to encourage educationeducation – Great emphasis was placed on Great emphasis was placed on preachingpreaching
Rejected Protestantreform doctrine
Retained the sevensacraments
Acknowledged themystical presence
of Christ in theEucharist
Opposed clericalmarriage
Reaffirmed belief in Purgatory
Images, pilgrimages,saints, and relics
deemed acceptable
Reaffirmed the spiritual authority of
Pope and bishops
Theological Ideas of the
Council of Trent
Declared the LatinVulgate the only
acceptable versionof the Bible
Ordered seminariesfounded
Stressed priestly obligation to their
congregations
Directive to keep records (birth, death,
marriage) of thefaithful
Indulgences wouldno longer be sold
Index ofForbidden Books
Policies Implemented
by the Council of Trent
New religious orders New religious orders
The Ursuline order of nuns gained The Ursuline order of nuns gained enormous prestige for the education of enormous prestige for the education of women. women.
– The Ursulines sought to re Christianize The Ursulines sought to re Christianize society by training future wives and mothers. society by training future wives and mothers.
– The Ursulines spread to France and North The Ursulines spread to France and North America.America.
Society of JesusSociety of JesusThe Society of Jesus played a strong The Society of Jesus played a strong international role in resisting international role in resisting Protestantism. Protestantism. – Obedience was the foundation of the Jesuit Obedience was the foundation of the Jesuit
tradition. tradition. – With their schools, political influence, and With their schools, political influence, and
missionary work, they brought many people missionary work, they brought many people into the Catholic fold.into the Catholic fold.
Jesuits 3 main goalsJesuits 3 main goals
– Stop the spread of ProtestantismStop the spread of Protestantism– Convert non-CatholicsConvert non-Catholics– Spread education by building schoolsSpread education by building schools
The Sacred Congregation of the The Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office Holy Office
This group, established by Pope Paul III This group, established by Pope Paul III in 1542, carried out the Roman in 1542, carried out the Roman Inquisition as a way to combat heresy. Inquisition as a way to combat heresy.
It had the power to arrest, imprison, and It had the power to arrest, imprison, and execute, but its influence was confined to execute, but its influence was confined to papal territories.papal territories.
French Jesuit Missionaries
Catholicism in New France
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