the new nation’s relations with native americans 1

1

The New Nation’s Relations with Native Americans

2

1. Why did William Apess think that whites were responsible for the way his grandparents treated him?

2. What name did William Apess think his people should be called?

3

Before and after the Seven Years’ War (1756-63)

4

Proclamation of 1763

Source: National Atlas of the United States of America (1970).

-No colonists wests of the Appalachians-Only authorized traders in Indian territory-Land sales must be approved by British superintendents

5

Portrait by George Romney, 1776. National Gallery of Canada

Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea)

6

Standards of international law – 18c.

• Right of discovery• Right of conquest• Treaties between sovereign nations– Indians treated as inferior

7

Geographic expansion

• Republican theorists: political independence depends upon land ownership

8

Northwest Ordinance 1787

9

Northwest Indian Wars(1785-1795)

‘Western confederacy’

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

10

Indian Land Cessions

http://college.cengage.com/history/primary_sources/us/indian_land_cessions.htm

11

Alexander McGillivrayScottish father, Creek mother

Became officer of British army during the Revolution

Wealthy trader and influential Creek leader

Florida Historical Society

12

U.S. Constitution (1787): Congress had exclusive right to negotiate treaties with Native Americans Treaty of New York (1790): U.S. promised to protect Creeks from Georgia settlers

Shift from ‘right of conquest’ to treaties

13

‘Civilization’ policy

Agricultural tools and livestock were distributed to Indians who settled on farms.

14

Trade and Intercourse Acts (1790-1802)

• Set up government trading posts• Specified punishment for whites who

encroached on Indian land or committed crimes

• Regulated sale of Indian land• Authorized gifts: tools, farm animals, spinning

wheels, etc.– > role of ‘agents’

15

Thomas Jefferson (President, 1801-1809)

Ideal of the agrarian republic

Goal of civilizing the Indians--Farming--Gender roles

16

Louisiana Purchase (1803)