the ottoman empire!
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The Ottoman Empire!
Common Characteristics of
ALL Muslim Empires• land empires oriented toward military
conquest• inward orientation (trading within
cultural areas)• dominant religion – Islam• multilinguistic and multicultural• traditional military reliance on cavalry
Factors in Rise of Ottoman Empire
• control of link between Europe and Asia on the Dardanelles strait
• military power-Janissaries
• growth primarily by land conquest
Key Ottoman Rulers
• Osman(1258-1324) and his descendants-founder of the Ottoman dynasty-Turkish leader-His descendants built the Ottoman Empire.
• Mehmet II (the Conqueror)(1451-81)-Constantinople (Istanbul)
• Suleyman (the Magnificent) (1520-66)
Famous Leaders
• Osman Suleiman the Mag
Mehmet II
Progress in the Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman
Empire• crystallization of the empire at the end of the 13th century in
a crucible of Mongol warfare• expansion into southeastern Europe, particularly the Balkans
and Greece• conquest of Constantinople in 1453• Selim I’s expansion into northern Africa and against the
Safavid Empire• high point of the empire during the reign of Suleyman the
Magnificent (r. 1520-66)• empire’s extension into: southern and eastern Europe, the
Middle East, and northern Africa• Ottoman efforts to dominate the Mediterranean Sea• unsuccessful Ottoman sieges of Vienna (Central Europe) in
1529 and 1683
Factors in the Decline of the
Ottoman Empire• slow decline from 1566 (loss of
territory)• series of incompetent sultans• corrupt members of elite
(Janissaries)• Western ideas and customs
Characteristics of the Safavid Empire
• Persian cultural foundation (present day Iran)
• predominantly Shi’ite (descendants of Muhammad rule)
Key Events in the Rise and Fall of the
Empire• empire formed by Shah Ismail in 1501• 1514 Battle of Chaldiran – inconclusive
Ottoman victory • collapsed in 1722 in the face of
invading Afghans• briefly revived by Nader Shah(r. 1736-
47), but too much pressure from outside forces and internal forces.
Key Rulers of the Safavid Empire
• Shah Ismail (r. 1501-1524)-Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry-hereditary leader of a militant Sufi -brotherhood called Safaviya
• Shah Abbas "the Great"(1588-1629)-Persian version of Suleyman-built Persia’s first standing army-regained territory formerly lost to the Ottoman Empire-after Abbas’s rule, Empire collapses (invading Afghan tribesmen)
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