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The ReformationReview
The Reformation
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation
“The Pope is lower than God but higher than man, judges all but is judged by no one.”
Pope Innocent III
Causes of the Reformation
powerful popes spent money on art and wars
John Tetzel
illiterate priests were often immoral
secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority
Causes of the Reformation
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral
Martin Luther
The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral2. Reformation A. Martin Luther leads change i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing
indulgences ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around
Europe iii. encouraged people to read bible iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral2. Reformation A. Martin Luther leads change i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing
indulgences ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around
Europe iii. encouraged people to read bible iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church
(Church of England)
Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral2. Reformation A. Martin Luther leads change i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing
indulgences ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around
Europe iii. encouraged people to read bible iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church
(Church of England) C. French theologian John Calvin develops protestant ideology - predestination
Europe Starts Religious Wars
The Thirty-Year War (1618-1648)
German princes use Reformation to get independence from
Rome and from the Holy Roman Empire
The war is extremely destructive and soon involves almost all of
Europe
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
St. Bartholomew’
s Day Massacre
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral2. Reformation A. Martin Luther leads change i. 1517 – posts 95 Theses criticizing
indulgences ii. printing press spread 95 Theses around
Europe iii. encouraged people to read bible iv. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther v. Luther started a new church, Lutherans B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church
(Church of England) C. French theologian John Calvin develops protestant ideology - predestination3. Effects of the Reformation A. religious wars broke out across Europe B. both Protestants and Catholics improve
education
Council of
Trent
The Counter-Reformation• Ignatius of Loyola started the Jesuit Holy Order
• Catholic Church reformed some of its corruption (such as banning indulgences)
• reaffirmed basic tenants of Catholic faith (saints, pilgrimages, salvation through good deeds, etc.)• rejected
• addressed political power
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Questions Notes: Reformation1. Causes of the Reformation A. secular Renaissance ideas challenge church authority B. powerful popes spent money on art and wars C. illiterate priests were often immoral2. Reformation B. King Henry VIII starts Anglican Church
(Church of England) C. French theologian John Calvin develops protestant ideology3. Effects of the Reformation A. religious wars broke out across Europe B. both Protestants and Catholics improve
education C. Catholic Church reforms itself i. Ignatius of Loyola leads Catholic
Reformation ii. Council of Trent – meeting that made
church doctrine D. Catholic Church lost political and moral
authority E. led to monarchs and states gaining power
Scientific Revolution
Review
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution
Age of ExplorationReformation Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution 1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical
ideas of science b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people
and new ideas c. Reformation – ended church control of
education
200 BC 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1500 1700
Ancient Greeks
The Scientific Revolution
Ptolemy
• ancient Greek philosopher
• started the idea of geocentric universe
200 BC 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1500 1700
The Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
200 BC 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1300 1500 1700
The Scientific Revolution
Renaissance
Nicolaus Copernicus (1543)
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution 1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical
ideas of science b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people
and new ideas c. Reformation – ended church control of
education2. The Scientific Revolution a. scholars observed natural world and
questioned old beliefs b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of
universe
On 31 October 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret for how the Galileo
affair was handled, and officially conceded that the Earth was not
stationary.
Galileo Galilei
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution 1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical
ideas of science b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people
and new ideas c. Reformation – ended church control of
education2. The Scientific Revolution a. scholars observed natural world and
questioned old beliefs b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of
universe c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed
the universe
Francis Bacon – encouraged empiricism
(experiments and
conclusions)
Rene Descartes – used
mathematics and logic
Isaac Newton – theory of gravity
Leaders of the Scientific Revolution
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution 1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution a. Renaissance – scholars studied classical
ideas of science b. Age of Exploration – contact with new people
and new ideas c. Reformation – ended church control of
education2. The Scientific Revolution a. scholars observed natural world and
questioned old beliefs b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of
universe c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed
the universe d. Scientific Method – hypothesis, experiment, observation, and conclusion e. Francis Bacon – encouraged empiricism (experiments and conclusions) f. Rene Descartes – used mathematics and
logic g. Isaac Newton – theory of gravity
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Questions Notes: Scientific Revolution 1. Roots of the Scientific Revolution2. The Scientific Revolution a. scholars observed natural world and
questioned old beliefs b. Nicolaus Copernicus – sun at center of
universe c. Galileo Galilei – built telescope and observed
the universe d. Scientific Method – hypothesis, experiment, observation, and conclusion e. Francis Bacon – encouraged empiricism (experiments and conclusions) f. Rene Descartes – used mathematics and
logic g. Isaac Newton – theory of gravity3. Effects of the Scientific Revolution a. a new way of looking at the world b. “tools” developed for studying people and
society c. Europeans make advances in medicine and science
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