touchstone 1a unit 2 - utmmariapinto/touchstone 1a unit 2.pdf · touchstone 1a unit 2 . in this...

Touchstone 1A Unit 2

In this unit, we will study:

• Verb ‘to be’ simple present: he, she

• Singular nouns

• Verb ‘to be’ simple present: they

• Plural nouns

Simple present affirmative: he, she

Subject verb ‘to be’ ...

Michael is a friend.

Blanca is an English teacher.

He is an artist.

She is a nurse.

He is tall.

She is in her office.

El sujeto de la oración es un nombre (sustantivo) o un pronombre (he = él; she = ella). Es obligatorio usar un sujeto en una oración.

En oraciones, el verbo sigue el sujeto. is = es / está

Se termina la oración con un nombre (sustantivo), un adjetivo (palabra de descripción), o dando más información.

Simple present negative: he, she

Subject verb ‘to be’ not ...

Michael is not a friend.

Blanca is n’t an English teacher.

He ‘s not an artist.

She ‘s not happy.

He is n’t tall.

She is not in her office.

En la forma negativa, agrega ‘not’ después del verbo. La contracción aparece así: (1) (subject+is) + not = He’s not, Blanca’s not, … (2) (subject) + (is+not) = Michael isn’t, She isn’t, …

Simple present question: he, she

Question word verb ‘to be’ Subject ...

Is Michael your friend?

Where is Blanca ?

What is his name ?

Is she angry?

How tall is he ?

Is she in her office?

El verbo aparece antes del sujeto en preguntas.

Singular nouns

• article (a / an) + noun

• Use ‘an’ before words starting with vowel sounds, for example: – an apple, an elephant, an ID card, an orange, an

umbrella

• Use ‘a’ before words starting with consonant sounds, for example: – a book, a student, a teacher, a classroom; but also

– a university (‘u’ is pronounced ‘you’ therefore is a consonant sound)

Singular nouns: Español

• articulo (a / an) + sustantivo

• Se usa ‘an’ antes de palabras que empiezan con sonido de vocal, por ejemplo: – an apple, an elephant, an ID card, an orange, an umbrella

• Se usa ‘a’ antes de palabras que empiezan con sonido de consonante, por ejemplo: – a book, a student, a teacher, a classroom; pero también

– a university (aquí ‘u’ se pronuncia ‘you’ y por eso, la palabra empieza con sonido de consonante)

Simple present affirmative: they

Subject verb ‘to be’ ...

Jill and Joe are my friends.

They are married.

Kelly and Tim are happy.

They are in class.

El sujeto de la oración son nombres (sustantivos) o el pronombre ‘they’ (=ellos / ellas). Es obligatorio usar un sujeto en una oración.

En oraciones, el verbo sigue el sujeto. are = son / están

Se termina la oración con un nombre (sustantivo), un adjetivo (palabra de descripción), o dando más información.

Simple present negative: they

Subject verb ‘to be’ not ...

Jill and Joe are not my friends.

They are n’t married.

Kelly and Tim are happy.

They ‘re not in class.

En la forma negativa, agrega ‘not’ después del verbo. La contracción aparece así: (1) (subject+are) + not = They’re not, … (2) (subject) + (are+not) = Michael and Susan aren’t, They aren’t, …

Simple present question: they

Question word verb ‘to be’ Subject ...

Are Jill and Joe your friends?

Are they Married?

Where are Kelly and Tim ?

What are their names ?

El verbo aparece antes del sujeto en preguntas.

Plural nouns

• Add ‘s / es / ies’ to the word to form the plural.

– ‘s’ after most words, e.g. a book books

– ‘es’ after most words ending in -o, -s, -x, -ch, -sh; e.g. a tomato tomatoes, a watch watches

– ‘ies’ after words ending in consonant + y; e.g. a story stories, a lullaby lullabies

• Do not use a / an before the word.

Plural nouns: Español

• Agrega ‘s / es / ies’ a la palabra para formar la forma plural. – Se pone ‘s’ despúes de la mayoria de las palabras, ej. a

book books

– Se pone ‘es’ despues de palabras terminando en -o, -s, -x, -ch, -sh; ej. a tomato tomatoes, a watch watches

– Se pone ‘ies’ despues de palabras terminando en consonante + y; ej. a story stories, a lullaby lullabies

• No se usa a / an antes de una palabra en plural.