turkey presentation

TURKEY PRESENTATION

Saliha Ebru BÜYÜKTUNCEL

My country bridges two continents,and which for over ten thousand years has been the

home of the great Cultures and civilization of the world

Turkey is a largely located in Western Asiawith the portion of Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe.

Thrace

Anatolia

Turkey consists of two peninsulas.

Turkey is bordered by eight countries:

Bulgaria to the northwest;Greece to the west;Georgia to the northeast;Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east;Iraq and Syria to the southeast.

The Mediterranean Sea to the south,The Aegean Sea to the west,The Black Sea to the north.

The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanellesdemarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia;

they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey’s location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia

makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance.

Country Profile & Facts

Official Name

Date of Foundation

29 October 1923

1299 1923

Ottoman Empire Republic of Turkey

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A Genious…A Liberator…A Founder… A Man of Enlightment...

Facts and quotes by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk,the father of all Turks and founder of the Turkish Republic

and Modern Turkey.

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Capital

ANKARA

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Largest Cities

İstanbul

İzmir

Antalya Adana

There are 81 cities in Turkey.

ANKARA

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Population

78 million

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Language

The official language is Turkish.English is widely spoken in major cities.

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Currency

Turkish Lira (TL)

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Currency

1 Dolar approximately equals to 3 Turkish Liras.

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Time Zone

Turkey is in the Eastern European Time Zone. Eastern European Time Standard is 2 hours ahead of GMT (GMT+2).

Time difference between Lawrence and Turkey is 8 hours.

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Electricity

220 Volt European standard round two-pin sockets.

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Health Services

Cities and major touristic townshave a selection of private inter national and public hospitals

with good standards.

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Tap water is chlorinated and, therefore, safe to drink.However, it is recommended consuming bottled water,

which is readily and cheaply available.

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Communications

Turkey has three GSM operators,all of them offering 4.5 G services

and almost 95% coverage over the country.Internet service is available all around the country.

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InternationalDial Code

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Special Days

Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec

ear’s

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Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea

Central Anatolia Eastern Anatolia

Marmara

Aegean

Mediterranean

SoutheasternAnatolia

MarmaraSea

Turkey is divided into seven regions.

GeographicalRegions

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Climate

Because of Turkey's geographical conditions,one can not speak about a general overall climate.

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Regions and Some Popular Destinations

Marmara Regionis the second most humid region in Turkey.

Among the crops of the region are sunflower, tobacco, grains, grapes, and olives of good quality.

Silk production is one of the common occupations in the area. Istanbul is the largest city in the Marmara Region.

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Istanbul,with three big bridges over Bosphorus,

connects Asia and Europe.

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When you pass across the side of any bridges,the panorama of Istanbul will effect you so much.

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Hagia Sophia,the most beautiful Christian Church in the World from Byzantine Times.

Today Hagia Sophia is a museum,honoring both the Christian and Muslim religions.

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Immediately after the Ottomans conquered Istanbul in 1453,the Hagia Sophia was converted to a mosque.In 1935, the founder of the Republic of Turkey,

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, transformed the building into a museum.

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11101453150917311998

Maiden’s Tower is in Istanbul too.

Byzantine EmpireOttoman EmpireOttoman EmpireOttoman EmpireRepublic of Turkey

Defense wallMatch towerEarthquakeLighthouseCafe&Restaurant

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Canakkale lies on both sides of the Dardanelles which connects the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea.

Its shores touch both Europe (with the Gelibolu Peninsula)And

Asia (with the Biga Peninsula)

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Canakkale has witnessed two very important battles in history.

One of them is the mythological war of Troy.

Archaeological digs in Troy (Truva) have proved that there had been nine separate periods of settlement (3000 BC- 400 AD).

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The other one is the Battle of Canakkalewhich took place during World War I

when Turkish troops under the command of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk maintained the defense of the region against enemy forces

and Canakkale has taken its place in history as“Canakkale; unpassable”

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The Aegean RegionTurkey’s Aegean shores

are among the loveliest landscapes in the country. The magnificent coastline, lapped by the clear water of the Aegean Sea,

abounds in vast beaches surroundedby olive groves and pine woods.

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One of the most popular touristic places in Turkey,Fethiye is located in the Eagean Region.

Dead Sea, which is known as Olu Deniz in Turkish,is a beach in the blue lagoon framed by a fascinating backdrop of

pine forests and mountains.

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Izmir is Turkiye’s third largest city.

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The Aegean is littered with ancient sites,including two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World:

the Temple of Artemis at Ephesusand

King Mausolus’ Tomb in Bodrum.

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The Temple of Artemis is one of the seven wonders of the world in town of Selcuk in Izmir.

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The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was built by Artemisia after her husband Mausolus died (353 BC).

It was destroyed by successive earthquakefrom the 12th to the 15th century.

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You can visit the Natural Rock Pool of Pamukkale,a beautiful location in Turkey.

Also known as the “Cotton Castle”,these spectacular terraced pools are regarded as

a World Heritage Site and attract thousands of nature lovers.

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The Mediterranean Regionhas a coastal area, but its also bound by a mountainous region.

Turkey’s Mediterranean coast is awash with sandy beaches,beautiful scenery, secluded coves and fascinating ancient sites.

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Warm climate is ideal for the cultivation of citrus fruits.Cereals and cotton are grown in the irrigated plains.

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Aspendos theatre which is located in Antalyais one of the most ancient

andwell-protected sample of the Roman theatres in Anatolia

andthe capacity for the theatre was 15.000 people.

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Myra was an ancient Greek town in Lyciawhere the small town of Kale (Demre) is situated in Antalya.

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Designated as the grazing land of Turkey,the importance of the Central Anatolian Region

comes from the fact that it includes the capital city Ankara.

Central Anatolian Region

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Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s grave, Anitkabir, is in Ankara. The Mausoleum is very impressive with its

location, atmosphere, structures and history. Anitkabir is the first place to visit in Ankara city.

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Cappadocia accured 60 million years ago by spray lav of

Erciyes and Hasan Mountains.It is a place where nature and history integrated.

There are places which called peribacaları and people used theseplaces as houses or churches .

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During the history,Cappodocia had been a socialand commercial bridge between cities;Also it had been an important role in Silk Road.

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Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük Two hills form the 37 ha site on the Southern Anatolian Plateau.

The taller eastern mound contains eighteen levels of Neolithic occupation between 7400 bc and 6200 bc, including wall paintings,

reliefs, sculptures and other symbolic and artistic features.

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Together they testify to the evolution of social organization andcultural practices as humans adapted to a sedentary life.

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Catalhöyük is a very rare example of a well-preserved Neolithic settlement and has been considered one of the key sites for

understanding human Prehistory for some decades.

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Black Sea regionhas an oceanic climate with high distributed rainfall the year round.

Fishing, coal, nuts and tea growing are the major sources for economy.Other important agricultural products are;

corn, kiwi, rice, beans and potatoes.

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The Greek Orthodox Monastery of the Virgin Mary,better known as Sumela Monastery, 46 km south of Trabzon.

lt is perched on the rockface 270 meters above the valley.lt is a place of exceptional natural beauty.

lt was initially constructed on the steep surface of rockas a small church in the 4th century.

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Many people who have been to the Ayder Plateau (in Rize) compare it to the rolling hills of Switzerland.

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The Eastern Anatolia Region is the largest ,the highest and the most uneven geographical region in Turkey.

The highest peak in Turkey is located in this region.Agri Mountain (Mount Ararat) is 5137 meters.

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The region is different from other regions fromthe aspect of the number of days it snows in the region

andthe number of days when the ground is covered with snow.

The main economic activities in the Eastern Anatolia Region are animal husbandry and agriculture.

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Another important difference of Eastern Anatolia Region for meis that I am living in this region, in Malatya.

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Inonu University (1975)

14 Faculties,4 Colleges including the State Conservatory,12 Vocational Schools,5 Institutions,1 Technopark,19 Research &Practice Centers including Turgut Ozal Medical Center,30.000 students.

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Turgut Ozal Medical Center isone of the biggest research and implementation hospital in the world.

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Faculty of Pharmacy was established in 2001.

Medicinal&Aromatic Plants Garden will provide work space and plant material for training programs and will contribute to the development and the protection of diversity .

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The oldest palace of the world which is in Aslantepe Tumulusdated back to 5,000 B.C. in eastern province of Malatya is

an open air museum.

My hometown Malatya, hosted historical places at the same time.

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First palace was not only a templebut there were several other buildings there,

"there are warehouses, a court, corridors and a temple."the palace in Aslantepe was important for the whole humanity.

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Malatya is best known for its apricot orchards.About 50% of fresh apricot production

and95% of dried apricot production in Turkey,

the world's leading apricot producer, is provided from Malatya.

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The colossal stone heads at the top of2150 meters high Mount Nemrut National Park are

one of Turkey’s most famous sites in Adiyaman.Mount Nemrut is a monumental site belonging to the Kingdom of

Commagene, a small, independent Armenian kingdomthat was formed in 162 B.C.

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Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey and the biggest sodium water lake in the world.

The water is strongly alkaline with pH levels of 9.7-9.8. The most abundant salts are sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate.

Its brackish waters aren’t suitable for drinking and irrigation.

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Akdamar Island in Lake Van has an Armenian churchconstructed in the 10th century by King Gagik Ardzrouni.

Upon the outside walls of the church are extremely beautiful but much weathered stone reliefs by Armenian master carvers.

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Palandöken Ski Centre is in southern Erzurum andlies in the east-west direction.

The summit is 3185m.Erzurum is covered with a blanket of snow for 5 months during winter.

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Sarikamis Ski Centre in Karshas a rarely seen crystal snow on the tracks.

There is no risk of an avalanchebecause the tracks in Sarikamis Ski Centre have been surrounded by

a yellow pine forest and are protected against the wind.

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The Southeastern Anatolian Regionhas a very rich history and cultural heritage,

as can be seen in its magnificent historical sites.

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The region has a continental climate of long,dry summers and brief, cold winters.

Southeastern Anatolia is generally still agricultural,though the communities use modern methods and equipment

in farming and stock breeding.Farmers grow wheat, barley, lentil, tobacco, cotton, and pistachio nuts.

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Gaziantep,a city at the southeast of Turkey,

is best known for its pistachio nuts and baklava.

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But there is more than that, stunning ancient mosaics.Forty-five kilometers away from Gaziantep,

at the tiny village of Belkis; ancient city Zeugma,from almost 2000 years ago, was unearthed.

It is considered among the four most important settlement areas under the reign of the Kingdom of Commagene.

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3 new mosaics had been excavated by archaeologists in Zeugma, to discover more of the mysteries of the history.

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Sanliurfa is one of the favorite cities in Turkey.That was to see the pool of Abraham,

known as Balikli Göl in Turkish.

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Since Abraham (Ibrahim) is also a prominent figure of Christianity, the pool is on the agenda of most Christian tours

throughout Turkiye.

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Harran’s location was a major crossroad for primary trade routes from Mesopotamia to the west and the northwest.

The city was an important trade center in ancient times.

In the southeast of Turkiye,about 28 miles south of Sanliurfa (once called Edessa),

lies the city of Harran.

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The World’s First Temple, Gobeklitepe,is also located in Sanliurfa.

What makes Gobeklitepe unique in its class is the date it was built, which is roughly twelve thousand years ago.

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Each T-shaped pillar varies between 40 to 60 tonnes.In a time when even simple hand tools were hard to come by,

how did they get these stone blocks there?

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Mardin is a historical city in Southeastern Anatolia.A city situated on the top of a hill,

it is known for its fascinating architecture consisting ofheavily decorated stonework cascading from the hilltop.

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Mardin was once a very important center for Christianity.As a melting pot of Kurdish, Yezidi, Christian and Syrian cultures,

it also has a fascinating cultural mix.

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The ancient city of Hasankeyf,may be one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements

in the world,spanning some 10,000 years.

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Hasankeyf and its surrounding limestone cliffs arehome to thousands of human-made caves,

300 medieval monuments and a unique canyon ecosystem-all combining to create a beguiling open-air museum.

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Turkish Food, Desserts and Drinks

The Turkish national dish is undoubtedly the ’kebap’.Kebap refers to a variety of meat dishes,

consisting of grilled or broiled meats (usually lamb or beef)on a skewer or stick.

Adana Kebap;Minced meat (lamb), dried red andgreen hot pepper, garlic andfresh red pepper are kneaded,coated on the skewers and grilled.

Şiş Kebap; Small cubes of lamb meat are rested in onion, yogurt, salt, pepper and olive oil for two hours and then grilled with cubes of pepper and tomato.

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A popular order at any kebap house,iskender kebap is long strips of lamb cooked in tomato sauce

and served over rice and pita bread with yogurt.

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Pieces of meat and minced meat are put on a big skewer,cooked vertically by spinning it next to the grill

If you know that ‘dönmek’ means ‘to turn’,then you understand the origin of the word ‘döner’.

Thin pieces are cut like leaves with a big knife.

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Manti,the traditional Turkish dish, is completely unique in taste and texture.

Small beef or lamb dumplings are boiled or friedand served with yogurt or butter,

and often accompanied with sumac and dried mint.

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‘Simit’ is indeed the quintessential Turkish food;these sesame-encrusted bread rings must be

the most popular snack at home.

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Sarma means 'wrapped thing

Dolma means 'stuffed thing’

These are general terms used for many varieties of vegetablesand leaves stuffed with meat and rice fillings.

Perhaps the best-known is the grape-leaf dolma.Common vegetables to stuff include eggplant, tomato and pepper.

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Turkish baklava is some of the finest in the world. Baklava Chopped nuts are spread in between the phyllo (yufka) layers,

dressed with butter, baked and sweetened with syrup or honey.

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‘Sütlac’ is the most famous milky dessert in Turkish cuisine.It is made of, milk, rice and sugar.

You can serve it putting cinnamon on it.

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Lokum is known as Turkish Delight in English and around the world.Lokum is a Turkish traditional confection which is like a jelly candy.

It has a soft, elastic texture and coated with powder sugar or coconut. Main ingredients are sugar, starch, water and citric acid.

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The nickname for raki is “lion’s milk”because it is traditionally drunk with water and ice.

The water clouds it to a milky white appearance hence the nickname.

The most popular drink is ‘raki’, in my country.It is an unsweetened, anise-flavoured alcoholic (40%) drink.

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Turkish Coffee is not only a drink but also a ritual.Since it has been introduced to the western world by Turks in

16th century it is known as Turkish coffee,although coffee is not grown in Turkey.

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‘Ayran’ is a cold beverage of yogurt mixed with cold water and sometimes salt.

Turkey is the biggest producer of ayran in the world, and has researched the subject extensively.

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In Turkey,ayran is often regarded as a separate category from other soft drinks.

International fast-food companies in Turkey,such as McDonald's and Burger King, include ayran on their menu.

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Turkish Habbits

The first is taking your shoes off at the door. It’s important to remove your shoes

before entering a Turkish home so you do not drag in the dirt from the outside into the home.

Shoes in the house are generally not allowed.Instead you will be given a pair of slippers.

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Turkish Habbits

If you are going around for dinner,make sure you have a big empty stomach.

Dishes after dishes will be wheeled out for you and Turkish people do not take “no” for an answer.

The main meal will be big and then afterwards will be popcorn, nuts, fruits, cake followed by tea

and Turkish coffee.

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Turks are warm, welcoming and quick to kindness. The mentality of that hospitality is"whatever religion you are from,

whichever country you come from,whatever language you speak, you are 'God's Guest' ,"

so you deserve to be welcomed in the best manner.

Turkish Habbits

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Family Relations are very closed within Turks. They respect their elder and support each other in every way.

Fathers and Mothersdo support their children financially until they get married

Turkish Habbits

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Turkish Habbits

The Turkish bath starts with relaxation in a roomthat is heated by a continuous flow of hot, dry air,

allowing the bather to perspire freely.Bathers may then move to an even hotter room before

they wash in cold water.After performing a full body wash and receiving a massage,

bathers finally retire to the cooling-room for a period of relaxation

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE…

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