types of researc

Types of Research

• A detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding.

• Example of researchTo get more detailed information about our competitors we have to do some research on the Internet as well as in libraries.

Definition: Research

• SYSTEMATIC because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most accurate results.

• ORGANIZED in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope.

Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS.

• FINDING ANSWERS is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer.

• QUESTIONS are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose.

Contd….

Classification of Research By Purpose

Research by Purpose

Basic

Applied

Action

R & D

Evaluation

• In its purest form, basic research is conducted solely for the purpose of theory development and refinement.

• Example: Theories of Motivation

Theories of Leadership

Basic Research

• Applied research, as the name implies, is conducted solely for the purpose of applying, or testing theory and evaluating its usefulness in solving problems

• Example

Applied researchers may investigate ways to:

• improve agricultural crop production

• treat or cure a specific disease

• improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of transportation

Applied research

• The purpose is to facilitate decision making regarding the relative worth of 2 or more actions

Evaluation research

• Major purpose is not to formulate or test theory but to develop effective products .

Research and development

• Purpose is to solve business and management problems through the application of the scientific method

Action research

Classification of Research By Method

Research By Method

Historical Research

Correlational Research

Descriptive Research

Causal Comparative

Experimental

• It involves studying, understanding, and explaining past events.

• Purpose is to arrive at conclusions concerning causes, effects, or trends of past occurrences that may help to explain present events and anticipate future. Should be to predict or explain—not to rehash.

Historical Research

• Attempts to determine whether and, to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables.

• Purpose may be to establish a relationship or to use relationships in making predictions.

Correlational Research

• Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

• Surveys (questionnaires, Delphi method, interviews, normative)

• Case Studies

• Job Analyses

• Documentary Analysis

• Developmental Studies

Descriptive Research

• Here you test the cause and effect relationship of two variables. One is dependant and the other one is independent

• You cannot manipulate the variable

Causal research

• This is an experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and control the rest of the variables. It has a control group, the subjects have been randomly assigned between the groups, and the researcher only tests one effect at a time. It is also important to know what variable(s) you want to test and measure.

Experimental Research

• (1) defining the problem,

• (2) reviewing the related literature,

• (3) formulating the hypothesis,

• (4) selecting the research design and then collecting and analyzing data, and

• (5) developing the conclusion

Steps of Research

Thank you…