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1st Semester Exam Study Guide
SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING
1. Independent variable ____________________________________________________________2. Dependent variable ______________________________________________________________3. Constant _______________________________________________________________________4. Control ________________________________________________________________________5. Inference ______________________________________________________________________6. Observation ____________________________________________________________________7. Experimental group ______________________________________________________________8. Control group ___________________________________________________________________9. Objective ______________________________________________________________________10. Hypothesis _____________________________________________________________________11. Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________12. Theory ________________________________________________________________________13. Law ___________________________________________________________________________14. Ethics _________________________________________________________________________
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE:
What are the 8 characteristics of life? Give an example of each.
CHARACTERISTIC EXAMPLE15. 16.17. 1819. 20.21. 22.23. 24.25. 26.27. 28.29. 30.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE:
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING
31. proton ____________________________________________________________________________
32. neutron ___________________________________________________________________________
33. electron ___________________________________________________________________________
34. atom _____________________________________________________________________________
35. atomic number _____________________________________________________________________
36. atomic mass _______________________________________________________________________
37. covalent bond ______________________________________________________________________
38. ionic bond _________________________________________________________________________
MACROMOLECULES:
What are the 4 macromolecules? What are they made of? What are their functions? Give an example of each.
MACROMOLECULE COMPOSED OF FUNCTION EXAMPLES
39.
40.
41.
42.
MICROPSCOPES AND CELL THEORY
DESCRIBE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING MICROSCOPES:
43. compound microscope _______________________________________________________________
44. dissecting microscope ________________________________________________________________
45. scanning electron microscope _________________________________________________________
46. transmission electron microscope ______________________________________________________
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY?
47. __________________________________________________________________________________
48. __________________________________________________________________________________
49. __________________________________________________________________________________
LABEL THE PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION
STRUCTURE FUNCTION50. A-51. B-52. C-53. D-54. E-55. F-56. G-57. H-58. I-59. J-60. K-61. L-
CELLS:
Cell Part and Letter Structure Description w/ Drawing Function
62. Nucleus
63. Nuclear Envelope
64. Nucleolus
65. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
66. Cell wall
67. Mitochondria
68. Endoplasmic Reticulum
69. Central Vacuole
70. Vesicle
71. Lysosomes
72. Chloroplasts
73. Golgi Apparatus
74. Microtubules /MicrofilamentsCytoskeleton
75. Ribosomes
76. Cytoplasm
77. Cilia / Flagella
CELL CYCLE & MEIOSIS
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
78. mitosis ____________________________________________________________________________
79. cytokinesis _________________________________________________________________________
80. cell cycle __________________________________________________________________________
81. meiosis ___________________________________________________________________________
82. centriole __________________________________________________________________________
83. centromere _______________________________________________________________________
84. chromosome ______________________________________________________________________
85. chromatin _________________________________________________________________________
86. chromatid _________________________________________________________________________
87. cell plate __________________________________________________________________________
88. gene _____________________________________________________________________________
89. gamete ___________________________________________________________________________
90. spindle apparatus ___________________________________________________________________
91. homologous chromosome ____________________________________________________________
92. crossing over _______________________________________________________________________
93. law of segregation __________________________________________________________________
94. law of independent assortment ________________________________________________________
95.Draw and label the 5 phases of the cell cycle. Write a brief description of each phase.
Drawing Descriptions
96. __________________________________________97. ___________________________________________98. ___________________________________________99. ___________________________________________100. _________________________________________
Draw the stages of mitosis, and label each stage. Briefly explain what is occurring in each stage of mitosis101. Prophase 102. Metaphase 103. Anaphase 104. Telophase
Draw the stages of meiosis, and label each stage. Briefly explain what is occurring in each stage of meiosis.105. Prophase I 106. Metaphase I 107. Anaphase I 108. Telophase I
109. Prophase II 110. Metaphase II 111. Anaphase II 112. Telophase II
Complete the following table below comparing and contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis (pg 275 in your book):
Mitosis Meiosis113.114.115.116.117.118.119.
GENETICS:
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
120. haploid __________________________________________________________________________
121. diploid ___________________________________________________________________________
122. alleles ___________________________________________________________________________
123. heterozygous _____________________________________________________________________
124. homozygous ______________________________________________________________________
125. hybrid ___________________________________________________________________________
126. purebred _________________________________________________________________________
127. phenotype ________________________________________________________________________
128. genotype _________________________________________________________________________
129. dominant _________________________________________________________________________
130. recessive _________________________________________________________________________
CHARACTERISTIC DOMINANT GENE RECESSIVE GENEBody shape Squarepants (S) Roundpants (s)Body color Yellow (Y) Blue (y)Eye shape Round (R) Oval (r)Nose style Long (L) Stubby (l)
Write the genotype (s) for each trait below.
131. blue body __________ 132. Stubby nose __________ 133. Round eyes __________
134. oval eyes _________ 135. Squarepants __________ 136. Long nose __________
137. hybrid yellow body _____ 138. Heterozygous round eyes _____ 139. Purebred blue body_____
Write the phenotype for each trait below.
140. LL _______________ 141. Yy _______________ 142. Rr _______________
143. rr _______________ 144. SS _______________ 145. Ss _______________
SpongeBob’s aunt and uncle, SpongeWilma and SpongeWilbur, have the biggest round eyes in the family. Wilma is believed to be heterozygous for her round eye shape, while Wilbur’s family brags that they are a pure line. Complete the Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if SpongeWilma and SpongeWilbur had children.
146. Give the genotype for each person. Wilma - _______ Wilbur - ________
147. Complete a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if they had children.
148. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the kids.
149. What is the probability that the kids would have round eyes? ____ %
150. What is the probability that the kids would be oval eyes? ____ %
151. SpongeBob’s mother is so proud of her son and his new wife, SpongeSusie, as they are expecting a little sponge. She knows that they have a 50% chance of having a little roundpants, but is also hoping the new arrival will be blue (a recessive trait) like SpongeSusie and many members of her family. If SpongeBob is heterozygous for his yellow body color, what are the chances that the baby sponge will be blue? Create a Punnett square to help you answer this question.
HISTORY OF LIFE
Modern humans appear flowering plants appear sharks and bony fish appear
Cambrian explosion Gymnosperms are dominant apes appear flowering plants scatter
Gymnosperms appear first plants appear monkeys appear flowering plants are dominant
First birds appear land plants & insects appear dinosaurs appear first mammals appear
PLACE THE EVENTS LISTED ABOVE IN THE PROPER ERA
PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA CENOZOIC ERA152. 157. 162.
153. 158. 163.
154. 159. 164.
155. 160. 165.
156. 161. 166.
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
167. paleontologist _____________________________________________________________________
168. K-T Boundary _____________________________________________________________________
169. Cambrian Explosion ________________________________________________________________
170. Precambrian ______________________________________________________________________
171. radiometric dating _________________________________________________________________
172. relative dating _____________________________________________________________________
173. half –life _________________________________________________________________________
174. fossil ____________________________________________________________________________
175. spontaneous generation ____________________________________________________________
176. theory of biogenesis _______________________________________________________________
177. endosymbiont theory _______________________________________________________________
178. primordial soup hypothesis __________________________________________________________
EVOLUTION:
What are Darwin’s 4 principles of Natural Selection?
179. _________________________________ 180. ___________________________________
181. _________________________________ 182. ___________________________________
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
183. evolution _________________________________________________________________________
184. natural selection ___________________________________________________________________
185. adaptation ________________________________________________________________________
WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLEAncestral trait
Derived trait
Homologous structure
Vestigial structure
Analogous structure
Fitness
Mimicry
Camouflage
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