wh movement 2 oct. 17, 2012 – day 20
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WH movement 2Oct. 17, 2012 – Day 20Introduction to Syntax
ANTH 3590/7590
Harry Howard
Tulane University
Course management
http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ We need to spend our $150 from the
Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund.
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REVIEW
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WH QUESTION TREE (5.3)1
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TP
T’PRNshe
AuxPTAf3sPast
Cø
VPAuxwas
Vdating
PRNwho
was+Af3sPast+
-------------was+
-----
C’
CP
PRNwho
-----
Note that Radford does not put ‘was’ in Aux.
QPwhich picture of himself
PICTURE REFLEXIVE
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TP
T’DetPø Jim
TAf3sPast
Cø
VP
Vbought
C’
CP
QPwhich
picture of himself
--------------------------------
T’
VP
wonder
TP
DetPø Joe
TAf3sPast
DERIVING WH-MVT & AUX INVERSIONRadford §5.4
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Conjectures
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EMBEDDED WH QUESTION TREE (5.26)
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TP
T’PRNshe
AuxPTAf3sPast
C[EF]
ø
VPAuxwas
Vdating
PRNwho
C’
VP
wonder CP
PRNwho
-----
----
was+
-----
MAIN WH QUESTION TREE (5.29)
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TP
T’PRNshe
AuxPTAf3sPast
C[TNS, EF]
ø
VPAuxwas
Vdating
PRNwho
was+
-----
was+Af3sPast+
-------------
-----
C’
CP
PRNwho
-----
-----
From now on, I will collapse the creation of the specifier and the movement to it into a single step.
MAIN YES-NO QUESTION TREE (5.36)
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TP
T’PRNshe
AuxPTAf3sPast
C[TNS, EF]
ø
VPAuxwas
Vdating
PRNhim
was+
-----
was+Af3sPast+
-------------
-----
C’
CP
-----
Pied pipingRadford §5.5
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PIED PIPING
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PIED PIPING WITH A WH WORD
Initial data37a) You have done which assignment?37c) Which assignment have you done?37b) Which have you done assignment?
The Chain Uniformity Condition (40)A chain is uniform with respect to phrase structure status. The chain for (37b) is not uniform because
its end is a head, but its beginning is a phrase (maximal projection), or
at least is in a phrasal node (the specifier of CP) see the next slide.
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*
T’PRNshe
AuxPTAf3sPast
C[TNS, EF]
ø
VPAuxwas
Vdating
Qwhich
C’
QP
Nactor
MOVE Q WITHOUT N (5.39)1
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TP
was+
-----
was+Af3sPast+
-------------
-----
CP
Qwhich
-------
-----
ECONOMY
So the whole phrase can move to satisfy the Chain Uniformity Condition, but why must it move?
Attract Smallest Condition (41) A head which attracts a particular type of item
attracts the smallest constituent containing such an item [which will not lead to an violation of any UG principle].
This means that the QP must be moved, but not any constituent above it, such as VP.
This may be one aspect of a more general condition: Economy Condition (44)
Derivations and representations are required to be minimal, with no superfluous steps in derivation and superfluous symbols in representation.
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POSSESSIVES/GENITIVES Initial data
45a) You have borrowed whose car?45c) Whose car have you borrowed?45b) Whose have you borrowed car?
Structure of possessive/genitive[DP [PRN whose] [D ’ [D ø] [N car]]]~ who’s the car
New problemWhose is a maximal projection and so should be extractable all by itself, but (45b) shows that it is not.
Left Branch Condition (47)In languages like English, the leftmost constituent of a nominal expression cannot be extracted out of the constituent containing it.
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*
NEXT TIMEContinue WH movement
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