what is biology? biology is the study of life. living things are called organisms. o include...

What is Biology?

• BIOLOGY is the study of life.

• Living things are called ORGANISMS.o Include animals, plants, fungi, protist,

and bacteria.

All living things share some basic properties.All living things share some basic properties.

Cellular OrganizationCellular Organization

ReproductionReproduction

Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)

HomeostasisHomeostasis

HeredityHeredity

ResponsivenessResponsiveness

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Adapt Through EvolutionAdapt Through Evolution

Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular OrganismsEntire organism is made up of one single cellEntire organism is made up of one single cell

Example:Bacteria and protistsExample:Bacteria and protists

Smallest unit capable of all life functionsSmallest unit capable of all life functions

Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular OrganismsThe organism is made up of many The organism is made up of many cellscells

Cells have special functions Cells have special functions within the organismwithin the organism

Reproduction is the process of producing new Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same typeorganisms of the same type

Asexual ReproductionAsexual ReproductionWhen a new organism is formed from one parentWhen a new organism is formed from one parent

Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionWhen a new organism is formed form two parentsWhen a new organism is formed form two parents

Involves the combination of male and female Involves the combination of male and female genetic informationgenetic information

Living organisms need energy Living organisms need energy (nutrition=food) to grow, develop, (nutrition=food) to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproducerepair damage, and reproduce

Autotrophic- organisms can make their own food

Heterotrophic-organisms cannot make their own food

SYNTHESISSYNTHESIS

The process of building up complex substances The process of building up complex substances from simpler substancesfrom simpler substances

Building up cells and cellular components

Photosynthesis

DigestionDigestion

The process of breaking down complex The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release substances into simpler substances to release energyenergy

MetabolismMetabolism

The total of all chemical activities in an The total of all chemical activities in an organismorganism

*Metabolic processes use chemical reactants and result in chemical products and wastes.

An organism’s stable internal environmentAn organism’s stable internal environment

Examples:Examples:

Body temperatureBody temperature

Blood volumeBlood volume

pH balancepH balance

Water balanceWater balance

VideoVideo

TransportTransport

*Process by which substances are absorbed and released

*Materials are circulated within an organism

Organisms react to stimuli:Organisms react to stimuli:

LightLight

TemperatureTemperature

OdorOdor

Sound Sound

GravityGravity

HeatHeat

WaterWater

PressurePressure

An example is a plantAn example is a plant’’s s leaves and stems growing leaves and stems growing toward lighttoward light

Genes carry hereditary information

Genes are composed of DNA

Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents

Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

Growth means to get bigger in sizeGrowth means to get bigger in size

Development involves a change in the Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of physical form or physiological make-up of an organisman organism

AdaptationAdaptation

When an organism makes a When an organism makes a change that will increase its change that will increase its chances of survival in its chances of survival in its natural habitatnatural habitat

Species obtain adaptations Species obtain adaptations through through evolutionevolution over great over great periods of timeperiods of time

An Example of AdaptationAn Example of Adaptation

Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water lossstems to store water and reduce water loss

Video – adaptationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1MUl8XSZGAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4xFDjy3uT8