what sc decision made segregation legal? plessy v. ferguson

What SC decision made segregation legal?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What organization, founded by WEB Dubois, fought school segregation in the courts?

NAACP

Give an example of a Jim Crow Law.

separate facilities, curfews, separate workplaces

How did WWII serve as a catalyst for the Movement?

fight for U.S. then come home to discrimination

What did the Emmitt Till case demonstrate about the Southern

Judicial System?

no justice for blacks from all white system

What was the key principle of MLK’s strategy to end

segregation?

non-violence/passive resistance

Where did Rosa Parks start the Bus Boycott?

Montgomery, Alabama

Why was it such a big deal that Jackie Robinson played

baseball?

it was America’s past time, everybody paid attention

Who was chosen to lead the boycott?

Martin Luther King Jr.

What decision reversed Plessy?

Brown vs. the Board of Ed. (Topeka, KS)

Who were King’s chief influences in the use of non-violent tactics?

Gandhi & Thoreau

What organization was founded by King & other ministers in

1957?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

How did President Eisenhower support the integration of Central

High School in Little Rock?

Sent in National Guard troops to keep the peace and protect the

students

Give 2 examples of tough conditions faced by black

students at Central High School in Little Rock.

soldier escorts, name calling, fights, threats

What was the SNCC? What was their first big action in the

movement?

The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Sit Ins

What was the goal of the Freedom Riders? What

challenges did they face?

Integrate bus terminals and take the movement to the deep South,

bombings, beatings, arrests, etc.

Name two things that happened to the Riders as they went

through the South.

bombed, attacked, jailed

Why was JFK reluctant to fully support the Freedom Riders?

He was afraid of America looking bad on the world scene (Cold war,

tension with the Soviets)

Why was Bull Connor so infamous?

Symbol of white resistance and oppression; ordered use of police dogs & fire hoses on protestors in

Birmingham

What did the SCLC do to expose Bull Connor? What happened to

MLK there?

Marches in Birmingham, he was put in jail

What was MLK’s chief purpose in his “Letter from a Birmingham

Jail”?

He will be an extremist in the cause of morality, it is not the fault of the movement that their actions result

in violence

What was the purpose of the March on Washington in 1963?

pressure for Civil Rights Legislation

What legislation came out of this pressure?

Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965

What was the focus of the 1964 Mississippi Summer Project?

increase # of black voters in Mississippi

What happened to three of the volunteers who went down to

help?

Kidnapped and murdered by local Klan members

What kinds of groups believed blacks must rely on themselves

and not on integration?

Black Separatists

Give an example of a Black Separatist Organization.

Black Panthers, Nation of Islam

According to Malcolm X, who would it be OK to use violence

against?

someone who had “laid a hand” on you

What did Malcolm X say blacks should reject?

self hatred imposed on them by white culture

Where was militancy more rampant among blacks?

Northern cities

Who would “patrol the police” to assure they were not mistreating

blacks?

Black Panthers

Name two demands of the Black Panthers.

full employment, self determination, blacks should not serve in

Vietnam, decent housing, better education

Who fled the inner cities for the suburbs after WWII? What did

they take with them?

middle class whites, tax dollars needed for social services

Name two places riots broke out in response to poor conditions in

the cities.

Watts (1965) Newark and Detroit (1967)

What was the SCLC’s final campaign under the direction of

MLK?

Poor People’s Campaign

How did the assassinations of MLK and Bobby Kennedy impact

the Civil Rights Movement?

Greatly slowed its momentum

What was John Kennedy’s plan for America called? What were

two of its major goals?

New Frontier, reinvigorate the United States & continue the

triumph of capitalism

What was Johnson’s plan for the United States called? What were

two of its goals?

Great Society, eliminate poverty, improve civil rights & provide

health care

What was the impact of the Bakke v. UC Regents SC

decision?

Affirmative Action is OK, but it’s not; leaves open the debate on

Affirmative Action

What did the Swann and Milliken SC decisions open the door for?

School busing designed to create “racial balance”

What community experienced a huge clash over the busing issue

in 1974?

Boston

What was AIM? What were two of their demands?

American Indian Movement; treaties upheld, original land back, better

education, equal rights

What was NOW? What were two issues they focused on?

National Organization for Women, equal pay, equal rights, sexual discrimination in the work place