where we have been, where we are going

Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going

• Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and approaches to the “Southwest”

Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going

• Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest”

• Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From?

Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going

• Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest”

• Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From?• Today: What was the World of Indians like

before Spaniards arrived?

Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going

• Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest”

• Week 3: Where did Indians come From?• Today: What was the World of Indians like

before Spaniards arrived? • Thursday: Reading Discussion and Intro to

Spanish Colonization

What was the Southwest Like Before Spaniards Arrived?

SW History: 9.13.2011

Major Theme

• The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

Major Cultures/Civilizations before 1300

• Hohokam: Irrigation• Mogollon: Pottery• Ancestral Puebloans: Dry-land Farmers and

Villagers

Ancestral Puebloans

• Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

Ancestral Puebloans

• Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

• How did they live?– Dry Farming

Dry-Land Farming

Three Staples: Corn, bean, squash…

“Anasazi” Enchilada?

Ancestral Puebloans

• Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

• How did they live?– Dry Farming– Hunting

Most Common Meat…

Ancestral Puebloans

• Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

• How did they live?– Dry Farming– Hunting– Trade

Traditional Southwestern Trade Routes

The Meso-American Connection

• Luxury Items– "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big TIme"

The Meso-American Connection

• Luxury Items– "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time”

• Cultural Practices– Hohokam Ball Courts– Religious Similarities: War and Fertility

The Meso-American Connection

• Luxury Items– "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time”

• Cultural Practices– Hohokam Ball Courts– Religious Similarities

• Language: Uto-Aztecan

The Meso-American Connection

• Luxury Items– "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time”

• Cultural Practices– Hohokam Ball Courts– Religious Similarities

• Language: Uto-Aztecan• Original Homeland of Aztecs– Aztlán

Aztlán: the Aztec Connection to the Southwest

So What Happened?

• Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity

So What Happened?

• Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity– Warfare and Political Crisis

Injuries in Human Remains…

Cliffside Dwelling

So What Happened?

• Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity– Warfare and Political Crisis– Mass Migrations

So What Happened?

• Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity– Warfare and Political Crisis– Mass Migrations• Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming

Modern Puebloan People

Post-1300 Puebloan Villages

So What Happened?

• Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change – Drought and Resource Scarcity– Warfare and Political Crisis– Mass Migrations• Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming

Modern Puebloan People• Athapaskan or (Apachean) groups move south and

east, establishing trade with Puebloans

Athapaskan (Apachean) Migrations

Conclusions

• The Southwest was connected to the wider world via trade

• Climate change and its social consequences shift human settlement in the region

• By 1500, Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) had integrated into modern Pueblo communities of today, establishing an East-West trade with Plains Indians

Key Theme

• The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

Reading For Next Time

For Thursday, be sure to read p. 58-86 of your reading packet from "The Pueblo Indian World." Rumor has it there may be a reading quiz on this reading. From the "Commentaries" section (starting on p. 87) you should be sure to read p. 99-100; 101-105; and 117-118.