why were these three called the “gunpowder empires?”

Quaestio: What features of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires gave them strength?

Nunc Agenda: Write down the definitions of the following terms using your textbook:

IstanbulJanizariesShah

Why were these three called the “Gunpowder Empires?”

OTTOMANSAFAVID

MUGHAL

Ottoman Empire• Ottoman Turks- Migrated from Central Asia to Asia

Minor and then into Eastern Europe• 1453- Conquered Constantinople (renamed Istanbul) with cannons• Byzantium Constantinople Istanbul

Inside the Hagia Sophia

Suleiman the Magnificent• 1540-1566: Sultan Suleiman- extended Empire

throughout Middle East and as far as Vienna in Europe• Four Social Classes• Men of the Sword• Men of the Pen• Men of Negotiation• Men of Husbandry

• Janizaries- Elite military force made up of well-trained converts from Christianity• 1492- Catholics conquered Muslim Spain• Expelled Jews fled to the Ottoman Empire, brought

banking connections and other helpful expertise.• 1700s- Ottomans decline as European power grows

Selimiye Mosque (Ottoman)

Selimiye Mosque (Ottoman)

Selimiye Mosque (Ottoman)

Hagia Sophia vs Selimiye Mosque (Byzantine) (Ottoman)

Timurid Dynasty (Tamerlane)

Safavid Empire• Safavid Persians defeated Timurids• Shia Muslims (conflict with Sunni

Ottomans and Mughals)• Shah Abbas the Great• Centralized gov• Military was copy of Janizaries

• Decline• Shia scholars wanted to persecute non-Shias• Afghan Sunnis rebel• Qajars take over until 1925

SuleimanMagnificent or Lawgiver?

PENSAPREPARE FOR DEBATES!!!