wireless data transmission in the andes: networking merida state

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WirelessWireless Data Data Transmission Transmission in inthethe Andes: Andes:

Networking Merida StateNetworking Merida StateErmanno Pietrosemoli

Escuela Latinoamericana de RedesMérida - Venezuela

LabCom ULAermanno@ula.ve

Inet’99San Jose, June 1999

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ContentsContents

IntroductionPacket RadioSpread SpectrumBroadband Delivery SystemTrainingReferences

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Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada

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IntroductionIntroduction

The city of Merida, in the northern Andes, is at 1600 m altitude (5000 feet) and lays

below some mountains that reach 5000 m(16400 feet). It has a two centuries olduniversity, ULA that is spreaded all overand makes good use of its optical fiber datanetwork, TDM and ATM

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The city of Merida fromThe city of Merida fromAguadaAguada (3600 m) (3600 m)

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IntroductionIntroduction

Challenges:– Difficult terrain– Limited reach of telephone network– Lack of technology oriented culture

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IntroductionIntroduction

Solution: Wireless Network– Packet Radio, VHF, UHF– Microwaves

Training

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Packet RadioPacket Radio

300 bit/s in HF, for long distanceionospheric bouncing1200 bit/s in VHF, later 9600 bit/s19200 bit/s in UHF, then 56 kbit/s

AX.25 protocol, ka9q TCP/IP packageInexpensive but slow!

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Packet RadioPacket Radio

Home built antennas:

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Packet RadioPacket Radio

Passive Repeaters:

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Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum

Direct SequenceFrequency Hopping400~512 MHz

806~960 MHz 2.4~2.4835 GHz 5.725~5.850 GHzmaximum EIRP of 36 dBm

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Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum

Direct Sequence nominal speed 2 Mbit/s, corner reflector

antenna at Aguada with a 90 degreebandwidth illuminated most of the cityBilateral Amplifiers to overcome cablelosses

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Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum

Computer Network Project Abdus Salam International Centrer for

Theoretical Physics, Trieste, ItalyAugust 1995

University of Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum

Computer Network Project Computer Center Physical Sciences Technology Building

Funding from United Nations University

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Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum

2.4 GHz band to combat interference andincrease available bandwidthLower spanLimitations of protocolsHidden station problems

Look for alternatives!

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Broadband Delivery SystemBroadband Delivery System

Sectored antennaFrequency ReusabiltyHigh Range, 50 kmHigh Throughput, 10 Mbit/s, Full DuplexUpgradableStandards based

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Broadband Delivery SystemBroadband Delivery System

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Broadband Delivery SystemBroadband Delivery System

Cable TV modems10 base TAny frequency in the 1 to 10 GHz rangeEach sector is an independent LANConnected at the base station by a switchLow latencySupports streaming video and IP voice

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Broadband Delivery SystemBroadband Delivery SystemSpike TechnologiesSpike Technologies

Up to 22 sector6 MHz video channel can a provide up to 30Mbit/sSymmetricalSpectrally efficient

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Prizm Prizm BDSBDSSpike TechnologiesSpike Technologies

Base station configuration:Multisector Antenna (up to 22 sectors) Transceivers bankModems bankSwitchUPS

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Prizm Prizm BDSBDSSpike TechnologiesSpike Technologies

Sectorizacion

– 22 sec * 500 usrs./sec= 11,000 users

Small SizeEquivalent to 22 antennas

Sec 1Sec 2Sec 3Sec 4Sec 5Sec 6

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Prizm Prizm BDSBDSSpike TechnologiesSpike Technologies

Advantages:Multipath interference resistance thanks

to high gain antennasHigh throughput

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1010 Mbit Mbit/s/s Backbone Backbone Fundacite Mérida decides to build a

backbone between Merida and Tovar bymeans of a repeater station at a small village

This backbone is 90 km long

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Repeater Station

at 40 km from

Aguada

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Red Teleinformática delRed Teleinformática delestado Méridaestado Mérida

RETIEMRETIEM

Fundacite Mérida,Fundem,Gobernación del Edo,Palacio de Justicia, Internado Judicial de Lagunillas(penitentiary)

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RETIEMRETIEM

Providing Service to:LibrariesCultural and ScientificCentersEducational InstitutionsHealth CenterGovernment Offices

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SupercommSupercomm ‘98 Atlanta ‘98 AtlantaGeorgia, USAGeorgia, USA

During this event, RETIEM wasawarded the best network prize inthe cathegory of Remote Access,while Third Rail Technologies,a Spike Technologies subsidiary thatuses the same technologygot the Local Access prize.

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TrainingTraining

Training is an often neglected aspect ofmany initiatives, but we found that it makesthe whole difference between a successfulproject and a “white elephant”Since 1991 we have devoted most of ourefforts to training activities

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TrainingTraining

First Latin-American Networking School,Nov. 1992 (3 weeks), 45 part., 8 countriesLima Workshop, April 1993Second Latin-American NetworkingSchool, Nov. 1995 (2 weeks), 110 part.ICTP Computer Networking Project Third Latin-American Networking School,Nov. 1997 (2 weeks), 120 part.

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TrainingTraining

RNP, First Latin-American and CaribbeanWorkshop on Networking Technologies,Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, July 1998Fourth Latin-American Networking School,and Second Latin-American and CaribbeanWorkshop on Networking Technologies,

Merida, June 14-19, 1999, 195 participants,from 18 countries and 5 tracks

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Latin American TrainingLatin American TrainingWorkshopWorkshop

ISOC sponsored WALC’98 in Rio de Janeiro,with local support provided by the UniversidadeFederal de Rio, a Spanish and Portuguese trainingorganized by EsLaRedWALC’99 merged with EsLaRed’99 in MéridaWALC’2000 was held at Universidad Autónomain Mexico CityWALC’2001 merged with EsLaRed’2001 inMérida

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ReferencesReferences

– 1. Karn, Phil, "The KA9Q Internet (TCP/IP)Package: A Progress Report"Sixth ARRL Computer NetworkingConference, Redondo Beach, Ca, August 29,1987

– 2. Heatherington, D., "A 56 kilobaud RFmodem", Sixth ARRL Computer NetworkingConference, Redondo Beach, Ca,August 29,1987

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ReferencesReferences

– 3. Conatel, Comision Nacional deComunicaciones, Ministerio de Transporte yComunicaciones, "NORMAS PARA LAOPERACIONDE SISTEMAS DETELECOMUNICACIONES CONTECNOLOGIA DE BANDA ESPARCIDA(SPREAD SPECTRUM)",Caracas,17 de noviembre de 1993.

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ReferencesReferences

– 4. International Centre For Theoretical Physics,"Programme of Training and SystemDevelopment on Networking andRadiocommunications", Trieste, Italy, 1996,http://www.ictp.trieste.it

– 5. Spike Technologies, Inc.http://www.spke.com

– 6. Escuela Latinoamericana de Redes,http://ing.ula.ve/~eslared.

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urls

www.eslared.org

www.isoc.orgwww.ictp.trieste.itwww.spke.comwww.wavelan.com

www.ula.ve