world history chapter 5b warring city-states. rule and order in greek city-states city-states...

World HistoryChapter 5B

Warring City-States

Rule and Order in Greek City-States

• City-states (polis) were fundamental political units of Greece

• Greek political structures

-Monarchy-Kings rule

-Aristocracy-Rule by a small group of landowners

-Oligarchy-Government ruled by a few powerful people (wealthy merchants

and artisans)

A New Kind of Army Emerges

• The army uses iron weapons• All members of society are in the army• They march side by side, holding a spear in

one hand, shield in the other forming a Phalanx

Phalanx

Sparta Builds a Military State

• Sparta conquers Messenia and makes them helots-peasants forced to stay on the land they farmed

• Spartan Government and society:

-An Assembly-all free adult males

-Council of Elders-propose laws that the assembly votes on

-Ephors-elected officials that carry out laws

Sparta had two kings at a time

Spartan Society was Built on the Military

• Boys were sent to the army at the age of 7• The Spartans valued duty, strength, and

discipline

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

• Athenian reformers try to create a Democracy-rule by the people

• Only adult free males were citizens• Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded• Solon reforms laws

-New legal concept declares citizens could charge wrongdoers

-He encouraged trade which made Athens powerful

Solon the Law Giver

The Persian Wars

• Greek colonies in Asia Minor (Turkey) are attacked by Persia-Athens tries to help

• In 490 B.C. King Darius attacks Athens and its allies and is defeated at the Battle of Marathon

• Darius’ son Xerxes attacks again in 480 B.C. The Persians are defeated at the sea Battle of Salamis and the land Battle of Plataea

• The Delian League is formed by 140 City-States-Athens is the leader

Battle of Thermopile

TA5C

Read Pages 134-139

Copy & Define terms on Page 139

Copy & Answer Questions 13 & 14 on Page 150