y9 - the living world
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The Living WorldBiology
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Living and Non-living
Biology is the study of living things
Living something that is aliveNon-living something that isnt alive
and never has been alive
Dead something that has once beenliving
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M Movement: All living things move even plants
R Respiration: the release of energy from food so organismscan do things
S Sensitivity: all living things respond to the !orld aroundthem"
C Cellularity: all living things are made of microscopic buildingbloc#s called cells
G Growth: all living things gro! and get bigger
R Reproduction: all organisms need to reproduce to #eep theirspecies going"
E Excretion: All living things ma#e !aste products"
NNutrition: All living things need food" $lants do this through
photosynthesis
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%ellsThe Building Bloc#s of Life
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%ells
%ells are thebuilding bloc#s of
life %ells are very small
and can only be
seen under themicroscope
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&istory of %ells
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%ell 'tructures - (rganelles
Within each cell there are small organellesthese are small structures inside the cell!hich help the cell carry out its important
)obs
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,ierent Types of %ells
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$lants
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$lants
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.lo!ers
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.lo!ers
.lo!ers are sex organs of these plants they contain both the male andfemale se/ organs that ma#e se/ cells
Male reproductive organ 0 'TA12Nmade of a long .3LA12NT !ith anANT&24 at the tip
The ANT&24 produces $(LL2N !hichproduces '$241 %2LL'
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.lo!ers
emale reproductive organ 0%A4$2L and consists of a 'T351A!hich catches pollen"
The 'T351A sits atop a 'T6L2
At the base is the (7A46
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$ollination
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$hotosynthesis
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$hotosynthesis
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$hotosynthesis
3s the process of using light to ma#e food
(ccurs in the leaves of plants
Needs the pigment chlorophyll !hich is contained in theorganelles chloroplasts
%arbon dio/ide 8 !ater ---- 9 5lucose 8 (/ygen
Light
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A close-up on leaves
Leaves have a number of featuresor adaptationsin order to carryout photosynthesis veryeectively
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!ide "lade %aptures a lot of light
#hin lea$ Allo!s light to penetrate
%ein networ&'upports leaf supplies !ater from roots andmoves sugars to rest of plant
Green colour %hlorophyll is present to trap light energy
'ores in lea$(stomata)
Allo! %(;and (;to move in and out of leaf
!axy sur$ace 4educes !ater loss
Strong petiole &olds it up to light
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Epidermal cells $rotect leaf and ma#es !avy surface
'alisade cells &ave lot of chlorophyll for trapping light
%ascular tissueTubes bring !ater from roots other tubes carry
sugars to all parts of plant
Spongy Mesophyllcells
Less chlorophyll as light !ea#er !ell spacedcells let gases circulate
Guard cells%ontrol opening of stoma to let gases in andout
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