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Shira BabowGENI Research Associate

shira.babow@gmail.com

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The Amu Darya River Basin

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Hydrological Significance of 

the ADRB

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The Water-Food-Energy

Nexus

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Geography

Upstream (Tajikistan and

 Afghanistan)

Downstream

(Turkmenistan and

Uzbekistan)

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The Water-Energy Tradeoff 

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Water Withdrawal Limit vs.

PopulationCountry Population Water

WithdrawalLimit (c.

1992)Tajikistan 7 million 9.5 km cubed

Turkmenistan 5 million 22 km cubed

Uzbekistan 28 million 22 km cubed

N. Afghanistan Est. 15-30 million2.1 km cubed

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Surface Water Mineralization

in the Downstream States

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Confined vs. Semi-Confined

 Aquifers

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Sources of Groundwater 

Pollution

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Global Warming

• Left to Right: 1989,

2003, 2009

• Left column: untouched desert

land

• Right column: irrigated desert land

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The Central Asian Power System (CAPS)

•Red line =500 kV

•Blue line =

220 kV

•Black line =

110 kV

•Center of 

CAPs inTashkent,

Uzbekistan

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Tajikistan: Electricity Sources

and Renewable PotentialSource  Amount

Generated(GWh)

HydroelectricStations

15,800

Natural GasStations

327

TotalGenerated

16,184

Renewable Resource Energy GenerationPotential

Hydropower 300,000 GWh

Wind 1,900 MW

Biomass Est. 2,000 GWh

Solar 25,000 GWh

Geothermal Unknown

Total 327,000 GWh

Total ElectricityConsumption

13,540 GWh

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Turkmenistan: Electricity

Sources and Renewable

PotentialSource  Energy

Generated

(GWh)Natural Gas 15,977

HydroelectricStations

3

Total 15,980

RenewableResource

EnergyGenerationPotential

Hydropower 1,700 GWh(economicallyfeasible)

Wind Est. 10 GW

Solar 1,989 kWh/sq. m

Biomass Unknown

Geothermal Unknown

Total Min. 1,700 GWh

Total ElectricityConsumption

12,180 GWh

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Uzbekistan: Electricity Sources

and Renewable PotentialSource Energy

Generated(GWh)

Coal and Peat 2,308

Oil 1,037

Natural Gas 37,495

HydroelectricStations

9,330

Total 50,170

RenewableResource

EnergyGenerationPotential

Hydropower 26,700 GWh

Wind 4,300 MW

Biomass Min. 3.5 GWh

Solar Est. 181,720 GWh

Geothermal 135-1150 MWt

Total Min. 212,700GWhTotal Electricity

Consumption45,430 GWh

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Potential Solutions to Combat

Water and Energy Crises• Restructure the River Basin Organization: two-tier 

representative selection, third-party monitoring, transparency.

• Create appropriate financial mechanisms for the water-energy

tradeoff: de-link water and energy trade, variable water rates,line of credit with Guarantee Fund.

• Improve the efficiency of irrigated agriculture: alternate dry

furrow irrigation, drip irrigation.

• Diversify the agriculture sector.

• Invest in renewable energy.

• Local education: involve farmers in the scientific process,

harness local knowledge and encourage innovation.