An Era of Social Change

DONOW

• What does a group needs to do to get the attention of the government in order to bring about change? After the Civil Rights Movement what other groups do you think needed to fight for equality?

The Latino Struggle for Equality

• Dramatic population increase 3mil-9mil during the 1960s

• Diverse group: Chicanos, braceros (temporary laborer) Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Colombians…

• Discrimination• Segregation and

poverty: barrios (neighborhood)

The Farm Worker Movement•1962 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta established the National Farm Workers Association which eventually became UFWOC or the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee

•Used nonviolence techniques such as boycotts, strikes, and fasting

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7GCCBIgFaQ

Advancements in Educational Programs

• 1940s-1950s: LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens) won court cases against segregation

• 1968: Congress enacts the Bilingual Education Act which provided funds for schools to develop bilingual and cultural heritage programs for non-English speaking students

• 1968: the Brown Berets organize walkouts in E. LA schools to protest inequities in education

Political Gains• The Mexican American Political

Association (MAPA) sponsored candidates, registered and educated voters, and lobbied for legislation

• 1970: La Raza Unida, a group established by Jose Angel Gutierrez, helped get Latino candidates elected in 5 states and numerous state and local elections

• Reies Tijerina founded the Alianza Federal de Mercedes to help reclaim U.S. land taken from Mexican landholders in the 1800s.

The Women’s Movement

• Women get the right to vote in 1920 with the ratification of the 19th Amendment

• However, women still could not enjoy the same freedoms as men. Their “place was in the home”

• Public vs. Domestic spheres

• Women and men should be equal before the law.

• Women and men should be valued equally by society.

• Changes in the law and in society need to be made to ensure a better life for women.

• Violence and repression against women worldwide needs to end.

The Women’s Movement Goals

“Feminism is the radical concept that women are people” - Cheris Kramarae and Paula Treichler

True or False?

1. Feminists hate men

2. Feminists are all Pro-choice

3. Feminists are bra-burners

4. Feminists don’t respect stay-at-home mothers

These are all stereotypes.

Second Wave Feminism1960s-1980s

• The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan

• NOW: National Organization for Women founded in 1966

• Protests

•Gloria Steinem

-1971 founded National Women’s Political Caucus

-1972 founded Ms. magazine

Do Now

• How have the roles of women changed since the 1950’s? Explain.

Legal and Social Gains

Reproductive freedom:

-Availability of birth control

-Roe v. Wade 1973

-Maternity leave

Equal Opportunities:

-Employment

-Education

-Athletics

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA):-First introduced in 1923

-Purpose was to guarantee that both men and women would enjoy the same rights and protections under the law

-Congress passed in 1972

-Only 35 of 38 states ratified

-Wasn’t enough and the ERA failed

Working Women Today

111th Congress

-17 female Senators (including Hillary Clinton)

-74 female Representatives in the House

-Women’s representation in Congress now equals a record breaking 17%.

-Overall, women make up just 25% of the elected officials in this country

Women in Politics

What if the Equal Rights Amendment had been ratified? •Speculate on how women’s lives might have been different. •Use reasons to support your answer •Should it be passed?

ERA Explained