anemia by causes

8/9/2019 Anemia by Causes

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Anemia byCauses

By: Ace Ashley BaronTed Nio Orlina

Mary June Umadhay

Keeshia Anna Zerrudo


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ANEMIA

Oriin o! "he name:

The name is derived from

Ancient Greek:an-, meaning "not and haima,meaning "blood". Anaimia, meaning

"bloodlessness".

#escri$"ion:

Anemia is a decrease in number ofred blood cells(R!s or less than
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek


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%ins and

%ym$"oms


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Causes o! Anemia

%m&aired 'roduction

%ncreased estruction

lood loss

)luid overload

Ancestr$


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Im$aired

$roduc"ion

%ub"y$es isturbance of &roliferation and

di*erentiation of stem cells

isturbance of &roliferation andmaturation of er$throblasts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroblast


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$roli!era"ion and

di&eren"ia"ion o! s"emcells 'ure red cell a&lasia

A&lastic anemia a*ects all kindsof blood cells. )anconi anemia is ahereditar$ disorder or defectfeaturing a&lastic anemia andvarious other abnormalities.

Anemia of renal failure b$insu+cient er$thro&oietin &roduction

Anemia of endocrine disorders


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$roli!era"ion and

ma"ura"iono! ery"hroblas"s 'ernicious anemiais a form of

megaloblasticanemiadue to vitamin -decienc$ de&endent on im&airedabsor&tion of vitamin -

Anemia of &rematurit$, b$ diminisheder$thro&oietin res&onse to declininghematocrit levels, combined /ith bloodloss from laborator$ testing, generall$occurs in &remature infants at t/o to si0

/eeks of age.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anemia


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Increased

#es"ruc"ion !lassied as hemol$tic anemias.These are generall$

featuring 1aundice andelevated lactatedeh$drogenase levels.

%ub"y$es In"rinsic(intracor&uscular

abnormalitiescause &remature

destruction.


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In"rinsic

Abnormali"ies .)eredi"ary s$herocy"osis is a

hereditar$ defect that results indefects in the R! cell membrane,causing the er$throc$tes to bese#uestered and destro$ed b$ the

s&leen )eredi"ary elli$"ocy"osisis

another defect in membrane

skeleton &roteins.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen


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In"rinsic

Abnormali"ies En*yme de+ciencies

'$ruvate kinaseand he0okinase

deciencies, causing defect gl$col$sis Glucose232&hos&hate deh$drogenase def

icienc$and glutathione s$nthetase

decienc$, causing increasedo0idative stress

)emolobino$a"hies

4ickle cell anemia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase


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E("rinsic

Abnormali"ies An"ibody-media"ed

.arm au"oimmune hemoly"ic

anemiais caused b$ autoimmuneattack against red blood cells, &rimaril$b$ %gG. %t is the most common ofthe autoimmune hemol$tic diseases.

Cold alu"inin hemoly"ic anemiais&rimaril$ mediated b$ %g6. %t can beidio&athic or result from an underl$ing

condition. /h disease one of the causes


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E("rinsic

Abnormali"ies Mechanical "rauma "o red cells

6icroangio&athic hemol$tic anemias,

including thrombotic thromboc$to&enic&ur&uraand disseminated intravascularcoagulation

%nfections, including malaria 5eart surger$

5aemodial$sis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodialysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodialysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemia


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Blood 0oss

Anemia of &rematurit$ from fre#uentblood sam&ling for laborator$ testing,

combined /ith insu+cient R!&roduction

Trauma or surger$, causing acute

blood loss Gastrointestinal tract lesions, causing

either acute bleeds (e.g. variceal

lesions, &e&tic ulcersor chronic blood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcers


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1luid O2erload

)luid overload (h$&ervolemia causesdecreased hemoglobin concentration

and a&&arent anemia: General causes of h$&ervolemia

include e0cessive sodium or 7uid

intake, sodium or /ater retentionand 7uid shift into the intravasculars&ace.

Anemia of &regnanc$ is induced b$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemia


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Ances"ry

4keletal remains in Thailand sho/

ho/ environmental conditions candrive inheritance of anemia if itbenets future generations. At thearchaeological site 8hok 'hanom i it

is s&eculated that anemia hel&ed&revent death b$ malaria infections


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#ianosis

Anemia is t$&icall$ diagnosed on acom&lete blood count. A&art fromre&orting the number of red blood cellsand the hemoglobinlevel.

%n modern counters, four &arameters

(R! count, hemoglobinconcentration, 6!9and R aremeasured, allo/ing others (hematocrit,

6!5and 6!5! to be calculated, and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell_distribution_widthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell_distribution_widthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_count


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"hresholds used "o

de+ne anemia

45 6d0 7 89;8 mmol60>.

Amniotic 7uid. %n Wikipedia.

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