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Anemia byCauses
By: Ace Ashley BaronTed Nio Orlina
Mary June Umadhay
Keeshia Anna Zerrudo
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ANEMIA
Oriin o! "he name:
The name is derived from
Ancient Greek:an-, meaning "not and haima,meaning "blood". Anaimia, meaning
"bloodlessness".
#escri$"ion:
Anemia is a decrease in number ofred blood cells(R!s or less than
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek -
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%ins and
%ym$"oms
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Causes o! Anemia
%m&aired 'roduction
%ncreased estruction
lood loss
)luid overload
Ancestr$
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Im$aired
$roduc"ion
%ub"y$es isturbance of &roliferation and
di*erentiation of stem cells
isturbance of &roliferation andmaturation of er$throblasts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroblasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroblast -
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$roli!era"ion and
di&eren"ia"ion o! s"emcells 'ure red cell a&lasia
A&lastic anemia a*ects all kindsof blood cells. )anconi anemia is ahereditar$ disorder or defectfeaturing a&lastic anemia andvarious other abnormalities.
Anemia of renal failure b$insu+cient er$thro&oietin &roduction
Anemia of endocrine disorders
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$roli!era"ion and
ma"ura"iono! ery"hroblas"s 'ernicious anemiais a form of
megaloblasticanemiadue to vitamin -decienc$ de&endent on im&airedabsor&tion of vitamin -
Anemia of &rematurit$, b$ diminisheder$thro&oietin res&onse to declininghematocrit levels, combined /ith bloodloss from laborator$ testing, generall$occurs in &remature infants at t/o to si0
/eeks of age.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_of_prematurityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anemia -
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Increased
#es"ruc"ion !lassied as hemol$tic anemias.These are generall$
featuring 1aundice andelevated lactatedeh$drogenase levels.
%ub"y$es In"rinsic(intracor&uscular
abnormalitiescause &remature
destruction.
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In"rinsic
Abnormali"ies .)eredi"ary s$herocy"osis is a
hereditar$ defect that results indefects in the R! cell membrane,causing the er$throc$tes to bese#uestered and destro$ed b$ the
s&leen )eredi"ary elli$"ocy"osisis
another defect in membrane
skeleton &roteins.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen -
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In"rinsic
Abnormali"ies En*yme de+ciencies
'$ruvate kinaseand he0okinase
deciencies, causing defect gl$col$sis Glucose232&hos&hate deh$drogenase def
icienc$and glutathione s$nthetase
decienc$, causing increasedo0idative stress
)emolobino$a"hies
4ickle cell anemia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase -
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E("rinsic
Abnormali"ies An"ibody-media"ed
.arm au"oimmune hemoly"ic
anemiais caused b$ autoimmuneattack against red blood cells, &rimaril$b$ %gG. %t is the most common ofthe autoimmune hemol$tic diseases.
Cold alu"inin hemoly"ic anemiais&rimaril$ mediated b$ %g6. %t can beidio&athic or result from an underl$ing
condition. /h disease one of the causes
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E("rinsic
Abnormali"ies Mechanical "rauma "o red cells
6icroangio&athic hemol$tic anemias,
including thrombotic thromboc$to&enic&ur&uraand disseminated intravascularcoagulation
%nfections, including malaria 5eart surger$
5aemodial$sis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodialysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodialysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_surgeryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathic_hemolytic_anemia -
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Blood 0oss
Anemia of &rematurit$ from fre#uentblood sam&ling for laborator$ testing,
combined /ith insu+cient R!&roduction
Trauma or surger$, causing acute
blood loss Gastrointestinal tract lesions, causing
either acute bleeds (e.g. variceal
lesions, &e&tic ulcersor chronic blood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcers -
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1luid O2erload
)luid overload (h$&ervolemia causesdecreased hemoglobin concentration
and a&&arent anemia: General causes of h$&ervolemia
include e0cessive sodium or 7uid
intake, sodium or /ater retentionand 7uid shift into the intravasculars&ace.
Anemia of ®nanc$ is induced b$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemia -
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Ances"ry
4keletal remains in Thailand sho/
ho/ environmental conditions candrive inheritance of anemia if itbenets future generations. At thearchaeological site 8hok 'hanom i it
is s&eculated that anemia hel&ed&revent death b$ malaria infections
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#ianosis
Anemia is t$&icall$ diagnosed on acom&lete blood count. A&art fromre&orting the number of red blood cellsand the hemoglobinlevel.
%n modern counters, four &arameters
(R! count, hemoglobinconcentration, 6!9and R aremeasured, allo/ing others (hematocrit,
6!5and 6!5! to be calculated, and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell_distribution_widthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell_distribution_widthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_count -
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"hresholds used "o
de+ne anemia
45 6d0 7 89;8 mmol60>.
Amniotic 7uid. %n Wikipedia.
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