animal fibers – wool and silk

7/27/2019 ANIMAL FIBERS WOOL AND SILK

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ANIMAL FIBERS WOOL AND SILK

Wool and silk are two important fibers obtainedfrom animals. Wool is used for making winterclothing which keep us warm. Wool is obtainedfrom the fleece of domesticated animals like

sheep and goat. It is also derived in lesserquantity from camels, yaks and rabbits. Wool is aversatile, durable and elastic fiber. It is light, softthick and wrinkle resistant. It is made up of

proteins. The fleece of sheep is spun to makeyarn. The yarn is then weaved to make woolenclothes.


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WOOL

Wool is used for making

winter clothing whichkeep us warm. Wool is

obtained from thefleece of domesticatedanimals like sheep and

goat. It is also derived in

lesser quantity fromcamels, yaks andrabbits.


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ANIMALS YIELDING WOOL

SHEEP

There are many breeds

of sheep that provide us

wool differing in theirfineness, shine, length,

and resistance

The finest wool is

obtained from the

Merino Sheep


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Important Breeds of Sheep

Gaddi

Lohi

Bakharwal

Bikaneri

Rampur Bushir


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GOAT

Wool is also obtained

from goats. The

important breeds of goat

found in India areKashmiri, Gaddi, Chamba

and Angora. The fibre

obtained from Angora

Goat is called mohair


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CAMEL

The hairs on the body

of a camel are also usedas wool. Bactrian camel

of Siberia, Mongolia

and China give us the

best quality wool. Amale camel yields on an

average 12 to 15kg of

wool annually and afemale camel yields

about 6 to 8kg of wool.


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ALPACA CAMEL


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LLAMA CAMEL


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RABBIT

Wool is also obtained

from rabbit hairs. Angora

rabbit gives a very fine

wool.


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YAK

Wool is obtained

from Yak. It is

commonly found inLadakh and Tibet


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SHEARING OF WOOL

The process of removing

fleece from the body of

sheep is called shearing.

The person who removesthe wool is called shearer.

The animals are given

bath and dried before

shearing. It is donemanually with clipper or a

pair of scissions.


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PROCESSING OF WOOL

The sheared wool isprocessed further whichinvolves the following steps.

The Raw sheared wool is

washed with detergentand alkali in tanks toremove grease, dust anddirt.

The process of separating

hairs of different texturesis called sorting. It is doneafter scouring.


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SILK

Silk is an important

animal fibre. It is strong,

lustrous, soft, hard

wearing and is producedin long continuous

strands. It is made up of

proteins. The rearing

and management of silkworms for obtaining the

silk is called sericulture.


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Silk Production

The various steps involved in the life history of silk

moth are described below:

Laying of Eggs

The female silk moth lays many tiny eggs. The eggs are

washed and incubated at 25oC for best hatching

percentage.


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Larvae or Caterpillars:

These eggs hatch intoblack worms called larvaeor caterpillars. The larvaeare fed on mulberry leave

for 3 to 4 weeks. Duringthe feeding each larvesheds its skin four times.The process of sheddingskin is known asmoulting. Larvae eatvoraciously and growfast.


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COCOON

After some time larvae

stop eating, climb up

the twigs and start

spinning the cocoons.Under ideal conditions

silk worm completes

cocoon formation in

about a week. Thisstage is called a pupa

stage.


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SILK MOTH

If the cocoons are left to

themselves, the pupae

develop into moths.

When the moth comesout from the cocoon, the

thread gets damage. The

silk is obtained form the

undamaged cocoon byunraveling the cocoon.


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LIFE CYCLE OF SILKWORM


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animal fibers – wool and silk

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