Five Phylums

Invertebrates

Phylum Porifera

Example – Sponges & Hydra

Characteristics

Name means “pore” bearer

Simplest, least complex animals, “primitive”

Movement type Sessile

Method of feeding filter feeder organism filters

small particles of food from H2O as it passes through

organism

Phylum Porifera

Reproduction both sexually (sperm and eggs)

and asexually (budding)

Fertilization external, sperm carried by water

current

Excretion wastes expelled through opening of

sponge called osculum

Respiration pore cells allow H2O

through sponge carrying oxygen

into the cells of the sponge

Phylum Cnidarians

Examples: coral, jellyfish, sea anemone

Characteristics

Movement type some sessile, some move

Method of feeding nematocysts = capsule in

tentacle that contains poison – they sting their prey;

mouth for ingestion

Phylum Cnidarians

Reproduction sexual (medusa)

and asexual (polyps break off)

Fertilization external

Excretion undigested material released through

mouth (in/out same opening)

Respiration oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse

through body cells

Phylum Mollusca

Examples – snails, clams, octopus/squid

Characteristics

3 types

Gastropod (snails): single shell, radula = tongue with teeth

that drills or scrapes food

Bivalve (clams & oysters): two shells, filter feeders

Cephalopod (octopus, squid): no shell, “head-footed”, eats

with mouth and beak

Phylum Mollusca

Method of feeding: some with radula,

some are filter feeders, some with mouth

Reproduction: sexual, land dwelling

snails are hermaphrodites

Fertilization: external

Phylum Mollusca

Excretion: nephridia – tubelike structure to expel

wastes

Respiration: gills if in H2O, primitive lung on land

Phylum Annelida

Examples – earthworms, leeches, bristle worms

Charcteristics

Method of feeding – gizzard & crop, grinds up organic

matter from soil and leaves

Reproduction – most are hermaphrodites but can also

mate

Fertilization – internal

Phylum Annelida

Excretion –nephridia – excretes waste through each

segment in skin and through anus

Respiration: exchange gases through skin (it must be

moist)

Movement – use setae – tiny bristles help worm move

by anchoring it in the soil as it contracts muscle

segments

Phylum Arthropoda

Examples: spiders (fearless), crabs, insects, lobsters/shrimp

Characteristics

Most diverse (variety) phylum

Body parts: head, thorax, abdomen

Movement: jointed appendages (arthro-) 6-8 to 100s

Skeleton: exoskeleton to protect and support internal organisms

Method of feeding: mandibles (jaws) for chewing and biting

Phylum Arthropoda

Reproduction: sexual (sperm and eggs)

Fertilization: most are internal, those in H2O are

external

Excretion: malpighian tubules connect to outside from

intestines

Respiration: gills (in H2O), tracheal tubes (land), OR

book lungs (spider)