annual groundwater monitoring report - aep.com · 2019. 2. 22. · 1 i. overview this annual...

Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report

Kentucky Power Company

Big Sandy Plant

Fly Ash Pond CCR Management Unit

Louisa, Kentucky

January 2019

Prepared by:

American Electric Power Service Corporation

1 Riverside Plaza

Columbus, Ohio 43215

Table of Contents

i

Page

I. Overview 1

II. Groundwater Monitoring Well Locations

and Identification Numbers 2

III. Monitoring Wells Installed or Decommissioned 2

IV. Groundwater Quality Data and Static Water

Elevation Data, With Flow Rate and Direction 3

V. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data 3

VI. Alternative Source Demonstration 3

VII. Discussion About Transition Between Monitoring

Requirements or Alternate Monitoring Frequency 4

VIII. Other Information Required 4

IX. Description of Any Problems Encountered in 2018

and Actions Taken 4

X. A Projection of Key Activities for the Upcoming Year 5

Appendix 1—Tables

Appendix 2—Figures

Appendix 3— Alternative Source Demonstration Memorandum

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I. Overview

This Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report has been prepared to report the status of activities for the preceding year for an existing CCR unit at Kentucky Power Company’s Big Sandy Power Plant. Kentucky Power Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Electric Power Company (AEP). The USEPA’s CCR rules require that the Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report be posted to the operating record for the preceding year no later than January 31.

In general, the following activities were completed:

Monitoring wells that were installed and developed to establish a certified groundwater monitoring system around the CCR unit, in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 257.91 pursuant to AEP’s Groundwater Monitoring Network Evaluation (Geosyntec, December 2016) were resampled and analyzed for Appendix III constituents found in excess of the previously calculated statistical limits in accordance with 40 CFR 257.94 et seq., AEP’s Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (AEP and EHS Support, October 2016), and AEP’s Statistical Analysis Plan (Geosyntec, January 2017) The statistical process was guided by USEPA’s Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified Guidance (“Unified Guidance”, USEPA, 2009). Statistical analysis of the background data for determination of statistically significant increases (SSIs—including decreases with respect to pH) in analytical results from detection monitoring samples taken from September 2017 through January 2018 was completed in January 2018;

Groundwater detection monitoring data underwent various validation tests, including tests for completeness, valid values, transcription errors, and consistent units;

An initial evaluation including an assessment of geochemistry and site history data for the CCR unit was conducted by Geosyntec to evaluate if an alternative source demonstration for the Appendix III SSIs was likely to be successful. This evaluation concluded that an alternative source for the SSIs observed at the CCR unit was not identified at the time and is discussed further, in Section VI of this report;

Because an alternative source for the Appendix III SSIs was not identified at the time, an assessment monitoring program was established on April 13, 2018;

As required by the CCR assessment monitoring rules, 40 CFR 257.95 et seq., two rounds of assessment monitoring were completed, the first in April 2018 followed by another in October 2018. Based on the analysis results from this sampling, Appendix IV groundwater protection standards will be calculated and statistically compared to Appendix IV concentrations in downgradient wells in 2019.

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The major components of this annual report, to the extent applicable at this time, are presented in sections that follow:

A figure showing the CCR unit, all groundwater monitoring wells, and monitoring well identification numbers;

Identification of any monitoring wells that were installed or decommissioned during the preceding year, along with a statement regarding the rationale for the installation/decommission;

All of the monitoring data collected, including the rate and direction of groundwater flow, plus a summary showing the number of samples collected per monitoring well, the dates the samples were collected, and whether the sample was required by the detection monitoring or assessment monitoring programs (Attached as Appendixes 1 and 2);

Results of the required statistical analysis of groundwater monitoring results;

Discussion of the unsuccessful alternate source demonstration;

A summary of any transition between monitoring programs or an alternate monitoring frequency, for example the date and circumstances for transitioning from detection monitoring to assessment monitoring, in addition to identifying the constituents detected at a statistically significant increase over background concentrations;

Other information required to be included in the annual report such as alternate source demonstration or assessment of corrective measures, if applicable.

In addition, this report summarizes key actions completed, and where applicable, describes any problems encountered and actions taken to resolve those problems. The report includes a projection of key activities for the upcoming year.

II. Groundwater Monitoring Well Locations and Identification Numbers

A figure depicting the PE-certified groundwater monitoring network, with the monitoring well locations and their corresponding identification numbers, is in Appendix 2.

III. Monitoring Wells Installed or Decommissioned

There were no monitoring wells installed or decommissioned in 2018. The network design, as summarized in the Groundwater Monitoring Network Evaluation (Geosyntec, December 2016) and as posted at the CCR web site for Big Sandy Plant, did not change. That report, viewable on the publicly accessible AEP CCR Rule Compliance Data and Information Internet site at the following link: http://www.aep.com/about/codeofconduct/ccrrule/, discusses the facility location,

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the hydrogeological setting, the hydrostratigraphic units, the uppermost aquifer, downgradient monitoring well locations, and upgradient monitoring well locations.

IV. Groundwater Quality Data and Static Water Elevation Data, With Flow Rate and Direction Calculations and Discussion

Appendix 1 contains Table 1 showing the data analyzed from the resamples collected during the first detection monitoring event and the samples collected for the two subsequent assessment monitoring events in 2018, including the number of samples collected per well, the sample collection dates, and the groundwater velocities for each sampling event. Table 1 also includes background data collected during the eight background sampling events. Static water elevation data and groundwater flow directions, in the form of potentiometric surface maps, from each monitoring event are shown in Appendix 2.

V. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data

Statistical analysis of the background data for determination of SSIs during detection monitoring events (the first event derived from samples collected from September 2017 through January 2018) was completed in January 2018 and documented in the January 15, 2018 Statistical Analysis Summary (Geosyntec, January 2018) available on the publicly accessible AEP CCR web site. SSIs of the Appendix III parameters boron, calcium, chloride, fluoride, total dissolved solids, and sulfate were detected during the first detection monitoring event and reported to AEP in a February 27, 2018 memorandum from Geosyntec. This memorandum was appended to the Statistical Analysis Summary (Geosyntec, January 2018) on AEP’s CCR Rule Compliance Data and Information Internet site.

VI. Alternative Source Demonstration

In an attempt to demonstrate that a source other than the CCR unit caused the SSIs or that the SSIs resulted from errors in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variations in groundwater quality, an initial evaluation including an assessment of geochemistry and site history data for the CCR unit was conducted by Geosyntec to evaluate if an alternative source demonstration was likely to be successful. This resulted in an April 13, 2018 memorandum concluding that an alternative source for the SSIs observed at the CCR unit was not identified at the time. The memorandum is included in Appendix 3.

4

VII. Discussion About Transition Between Monitoring Requirements or Alternate Monitoring Frequency

Because an alternative source for the Appendix III SSIs was not identified at the time of the initial alternative source evaluation, an assessment monitoring program was established on April 13, 2018. A notification to that effect was placed on the company’s internet site on May 31, 2018.

As required by the assessment monitoring rules, 40 CFR 257.95 et seq., a round of sampling in accordance with 40 CFR 257.95(b) including all Appendix IV parameters followed by a second round of sampling in accordance with 40 CFR 257.95(d)(1) at all wells including all Appendix III parameters and those Appendix IV constituents that were detected in response to 40 CFR 257.95(b) were completed in April and October 2018, respectively. Based on the results, Appendix IV groundwater protection standards will be calculated and statistically compared to Appendix IV concentrations in downgradient monitoring wells in 2019.

Regarding defining an alternate monitoring frequency, the groundwater velocity and monitoring well production are high enough at this facility that no modification to the semiannual assessment monitoring frequency is needed at this time.

VIII. Other Information Required

The CCR unit has progressed from detection monitoring to its current status in assessment monitoring. All required information has been included in this annual groundwater monitoring report. At the appropriate time, hydrogeological, geochemical, and statistical analyses of the groundwater assessment monitoring data will demonstrate if an alternate source or sources other than the CCR unit are causing any apparent contamination, or if the SSIs resulted from error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation or natural variation in groundwater quality. In those cases, where an alternative source(s) demonstration is made, the analyses and supporting information will be presented as well.

IX. Description of Any Problems Encountered in 2018 and Actions Taken

No significant problems were encountered. Through previous, proper construction of monitoring wells and use of low-flow purging and sampling methodology, samples representative of uppermost aquifer groundwater, with low turbidity, were obtained and the schedule to support preparation of this annual groundwater monitoring report was met. It is possible, however, that future monitoring wells may not encounter earth materials with grain sizes coarse enough to produce low turbidity monitoring well samples no matter how carefully the monitoring wells are constructed and the groundwater samples are collected.

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X. A Projection of Key Activities for the Upcoming Year

Key activities for 2019 include:

Establishment of Groundwater Protection Standards (GWPSs) for the Appendix IV parameters and the statistical comparison of Appendix IV concentrations in downgradient monitoring wells to those GWPSs;

If there are no exceedances of GWPSs, remain in assessment monitoring and sample CCR wells semiannually for the Appendix III and IV parameters. Perform statistical analysis on the sampling results, determine applicable GWPSs for the Appendix IV parameters, and statistically compare the results of Appendix IV concentrations in downgradient wells to the GWPSs;

If a GWPS is exceeded in a downgradient well the following activities will be undertaken:

o Characterize the nature and extent of the potential release by installing additional GW wells as necessary, including at least one additional monitoring well at the facility boundary in the direction of potential contaminant migration;

o Sample all wells to characterize the nature and extent of the potential release. Estimate the quantity of material potentially released including specific information on the Appendix IV constituents and the levels at which they are present in the material;

o If contaminants have migrated off-site, notify all persons who own or reside on land that directly overlies any part of the plume of contamination;

o Perform an alternative source demonstration investigating whether the exceedance was caused by a source other than the CCR unit or was a result of an error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variation in groundwater quality;

o If a successful alternative source demonstration cannot be made, initiate an assessment of corrective measures and follow all of the pertinent requirements;

Respond to any new data received in light of what the CCR rule requires;

Prepare the third annual groundwater monitoring report.

APPENDIX 1—Tables

Tables follow showing the groundwater monitoring data collected, the rate of groundwater flow each time groundwater was sampled, the number of samples collected per monitoring well, dates that the samples were collected, and, whether each sample was collected as part of a detection monitoring or an assessment monitoring program.

Table 1 – Groundwater Data SummaryBig Sandy – Fly Ash Pond

Geosyntec Consultants, Inc

4/26/2018 9/20/2018 10/23/2018 4/26/2018 9/20/2018 4/26/2018 9/20/2018 10/22/2018 1/31/2018 4/25/2018 9/20/2018 10/23/2018 2017-D1-V1

Antimony µg/L 0.16 0.18 - 0.65 0.620 0.03 J 0.0300 - - 0.17 0.29 -Arsenic µg/L 13.5 7.25 - 15.8 14.0 0.3 0.510 - - 4.58 3.54 -Barium µg/L 63.1 44.8 - 24.1 24.2 89.1 90.1 - - 56.4 75.9 -

Beryllium µg/L <0.004 U <0.004 U - 0.01 J 0.0210 0.033 0.0760 - - 0.005 J 0.007 J -Boron mg/L 0.139 0.165 - 0.227 0.236 0.147 0.125 - - 0.177 0.196 -

Cadmium µg/L <0.005 U 0.009 J - 0.006 J <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U - - <0.005 U 0.005 J -Calcium mg/L 105 72.7 - 1.13 1.11 57.4 53.4 - - 50.4 68.8 -Chloride mg/L 4.71 3.43 - 1.34 1.27 5.66 5.37 - 15.4 15.2 16.1 -

Chromium µg/L 0.207 0.588 - 0.262 0.442 0.171 0.240 - - 0.245 0.378 -Cobalt µg/L 3.25 0.683 - 0.062 0.0790 0.886 0.916 - - 0.794 1.21 -

Combined Radium pCi/L 5.69 2.56 - 1.14 0.291 2.48 1.25 - - 2.78 0.698 -Fluoride mg/L 0.2 0.28 - 0.82 0.750 0.14 0.12 - - 0.36 0.22 -

Lead µg/L 0.095 0.083 - 0.287 0.346 0.034 0.049 - - 0.024 0.041 -Lithium mg/L 0.01 0.009 - 0.006 0.006 0.013 0.013 - - 0.033 0.031 -Mercury µg/L <0.002 U - <0.002 U 0.003 J 0.0130 <0.002 U - <0.002 U - <0.002 U - <0.002 U

Molybdenum µg/L 0.820 0.82 - 0.890 0.820 0.12 0.11 - - 20.6 19.6 -Selenium µg/L <0.03 U <0.03 U - 0.05 J 0.08 J <0.03 U <0.03 U - - 0.1 0.2 -

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 456 386 - 541 561 253 253 - - 326 448 -Sulfate mg/L 106 76.3 - 36.6 36.6 37.5 32.3 - 84.4 72.6 167 -

Thallium µg/L 0.121 0.075 - 0.02 J 0.02 J 0.03 J 0.05 J - - 0.02 J 0.053 -pH SU 6.29 6.96 6.94 8.95 9.14 6.02 6.69 6.64 7.48 6.93 7.05 7.18

Notes:µg/L: micrograms per litermg/L: milligrams per literpCi/L: picocuries per literSU: standard unitU: Non-detect value. Parameters which were not detected are shown as less than the method detection limitJ: Estimated value. Component was detected in concentrations below the reporting limit-: Not sampled2017-D1-V1: Verification sampling for initial detection monitoring event (initial detection event occurred in 2017, the verification sampling for that event occurred in 2018)2018-AM: Assessment monitoring event in 2018

Parameter Unit2018-AM 2018-AM 2018-AM 2018-AM

MW-1012MW-1011 MW-1203 MW-1601



Antimony µg/LArsenic µg/LBarium µg/L

Beryllium µg/LBoron mg/L

Cadmium µg/LCalcium mg/LChloride mg/L

Chromium µg/LCobalt µg/L

Combined Radium pCi/LFluoride mg/L

Lead µg/LLithium mg/LMercury µg/L

Molybdenum µg/LSelenium µg/L

Total Dissolved Solids mg/LSulfate mg/L

Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 1/31/2018 4/26/2018 9/20/2018 1/31/2018 4/26/2018 9/20/2018 10/23/2018 4/25/2018 9/18/2018 10/22/2018 4/25/2018 9/18/2018 10/22/2018 2017-D1-V1 2017-D1-V1

- 0.05 J 0.03 J - 0.04 J 0.02 J - 0.08 0.06 - 0.04 J 0.02 J -- 3.15 3.92 - 1.6 1.4 - 0.74 1.47 - 0.07 0.04 J -- 60.9 55.1 - 10.5 11.4 - 58.9 63.5 - 37.1 29.7 -- <0.004 U - - 18.7 19.6 - 0.053 0.061 - 0.123 0.104 -- 0.143 0.07 - 0.088 0.085 - 0.052 0.056 - 0.07 0.036 -- <0.005 U <0.005 U - 0.74 0.83 - 0.09 0.07 - 0.08 0.06 -- 75.2 72.1 82.2 83.6 97.5 - 2.96 2.69 - 1.3 0.93 -

15.3 13.9 15.2 - 4.12 3.92 - 1.58 1.43 - 0.69 0.62 -- 0.29 0.328 - 0.771 0.713 - 0.285 0.388 - 2.7 2.58 -- 0.552 0.312 - 91.1 93.8 - 3.75 4.53 - 0.434 0.265 -- 1.75 1.04 - 5.09 6.75 - 0.154 0.951 - 0.421 0.694 -- 0.14 0.11 0.94 1.16 1.15 - 0.06 0.06 J - <0.02 U <0.02 U -- 0.049 0.025 - 5.27 4.39 - 0.263 0.092 - 0.193 0.092 -- 0.008 0.008 - 0.187 0.255 - 0.01 0.003 - 0.009 0.002 -- 0.003 J <0.004 U - <0.002 U - <0.002 U <0.002 U - <0.002 U <0.002 U - <0.002 U- 1.64 1.27 - 0.03 J 0.04 J - 0.54 0.86 - 0.07 J 0.04 J -- 0.4 0.4 - 8.1 6.3 - 0.3 0.2 - 0.3 0.2 -- 416 492 915 926 974 - 52 62 - 37 29 -

128 106 150 714 661 747 - 8.4 7.8 - 6.5 4.3 -- 0.01 J 0.02 J - 1.39 1.7 - 0.04 J 0.04 J - 0.03 J 0.03J -

7.48 7.95 7.04 3.52 2.91 3.1 3.46 5.39 6.12 5.92 4.57 4.01 4.7Notes:µg/L: micrograms per litermg/L: milligrams per literpCi/L: picocuries per literSU: standard unitU: Non-detect value. Parameters which were not detected are shown as less than the method detection limitJ: Estimated value. Component was detected in concentrations below the reporting limit-: Not sampled2017-D1-V1: Verification sampling for initial detection monitoring event (initial detection event occurred in 2017, the verification sampling for that event occurred in 2018)2018-AM: Assessment monitoring event in 2018

MW-1603MW-1602

2018-AM 2018-AM2018-AM 2018-AM

MW-1605MW-1604











Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 1/31/2018 4/25/2018 9/19/2018 10/22/2018 1/31/2018 4/25/2018 9/19/2018 10/22/2018 2017-D1-V1 2017-D1-V1

- 0.05 0.03 J - - 0.27 0.04 J -- 0.97 0.97 - - 68.5 23.6 -- 767 797 - - 37.2 42.6 -- 0.008 J 0.01 J - - 0.111 0.02 J -

1.63 1.81 1.82 - - 0.234 0.255 -- <0.005 U <0.005 U - - <0.005 U <0.005 U -- 73.7 71.8 - 110 101 95.6 -

32 31.3 31.1 - - 3.66 7.52 -- 0.301 0.366 - - 0.851 0.423 -- 0.101 0.155 - - 1.57 1.59 -- 3.71 3.28 - - 3.22 0.611 -- 0.26 0.24 - - 0.08 0.08 -- 0.077 0.126 - - 0.799 0.159 -- 0.014 0.001 - - 0.012 0.001 -- <0.002 U - <0.002 U - <0.002 U - <0.002 U- 0.58 0.58 - - 0.9 0.59 -- 0.06 J <0.07 U - - 0.7 0.1 -- 350 380 - - 430 428 -- 56 56.9 - 159 137 144 -- 0.01 J 0.03 J - - 0.04 J 0.04 J -

7.16 6.59 6.59 7.06 6.64 6.15 6.04 6.47Notes:µg/L: micrograms per litermg/L: milligrams per literpCi/L: picocuries per literSU: standard unitU: Non-detect value. Parameters which were not detected are shown as less than the method detection limitJ: Estimated value. Component was detected in concentrations below the reporting limit-: Not sampled2017-D1-V1: Verification sampling for initial detection monitoring event (initial detection event occurred in 2017, the verification sampling for that event occurred in 2018)2018-AM: Assessment monitoring event in 2018

MW-1607MW-1606

2018-AM 2018-AM

Table 1: Groundwater Data SummaryBig Sandy Plant - Fly Ash Pond

9/27/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/21/2017 4/25/2017 5/24/2017 6/21/2017 7/13/2017 9/27/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/22/2017 4/26/2017 5/24/2017 6/22/2017 7/13/2017

Antimony µg/L 1.01 0.750 0.360 0.280 0.260 0.220 0.240 0.240 0.790 1.20 0.790 0.990 0.890 0.970 0.910 0.960Arsenic µg/L 17.8 9.93 10.5 11.1 11.9 9.46 5.57 5.92 24.0 28.9 24.7 28.8 22.9 23.2 21.6 22.1Barium µg/L 52.0 48.1 47.7 49.5 53.0 54.7 45.7 46.0 37.6 24.4 23.8 29.5 29.9 23.7 21.1 25.7

Beryllium µg/L <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.004 U <0.004 U <0.004 U <0.004 U 0.0440 0.0270 0.0100 J 0.0260 0.0250 0.0100 J 0.00800 J 0.0220Boron mg/L 0.0710 0.0810 0.103 0.0980 0.148 0.156 0.129 0.111 0.176 0.159 0.182 0.171 0.183 0.244 0.174 0.172

Cadmium µg/L 0.0200 0.0200 J 0.0100 J 0.00800 J 0.0100 J 0.00800 J 0.00600 J 0.0100 J 0.0500 0.0400 0.0400 0.140 0.0200 0.0100 J 0.00700 J 0.00800 JCalcium mg/L 79.1 74.6 75.4 75.8 78.0 85.2 72.6 78.1 1.48 1.21 1.19 1.45 1.20 1.20 1.07 1.16Chloride mg/L 3.39 3.43 2.83 2.68 2.71 2.86 2.19 2.31 1.19 1.15 1.24 1.14 1.17 1.24 1.14 1.12

Chromium µg/L 0.500 0.744 0.369 0.189 0.223 0.318 0.294 0.223 1.10 0.903 0.395 0.578 0.512 7.84 0.293 0.449Cobalt µg/L 2.85 1.12 1.47 1.09 1.23 1.15 0.413 0.444 0.346 0.113 0.0660 0.184 0.131 0.0780 0.0460 0.102

Combined Radium pCi/L 2.56 3.56 5.24 3.43 2.65 2.57 2.58 2.35 1.59 0.548 0.542 0.452 0.148 1.72 0.358 1.30Fluoride mg/L 0.190 0.210 0.250 0.210 0.230 0.200 0.220 0.210 0.710 0.700 0.730 0.680 0.710 0.710 0.640 0.660

Lead µg/L 0.214 0.297 0.0260 0.0240 0.0350 0.0200 0.0100 J 0.0540 1.84 0.872 0.439 1.17 0.632 0.334 0.261 0.546Lithium mg/L 0.0110 0.0170 0.00900 0.0160 0.00300 0.00500 0.0140 0.0100 0.00600 0.0140 0.00800 0.00900 0.00400 <0.0002 U 0.0180 0.00400Mercury µg/L <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00400 J <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00200 J <0.002 U 0.00200 J 0.00300 J 0.00400 J <0.002 U <0.002 U

Molybdenum µg/L 1.80 1.51 1.39 1.21 1.23 0.990 1.34 1.39 3.25 1.68 1.12 1.52 1.25 1.41 1.18 1.43Selenium µg/L 0.0900 J 0.0700 J 0.0300 J <0.03 U <0.03 U <0.03 U 0.0500 J 0.0300 J 0.200 0.0500 J 0.0400 J 0.0700 J 0.0400 J 0.0700 J 0.0400 J 0.0900 J

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 388 360 363 371 358 370 338 371 547 535 553 554 546 540 547 558Sulfate mg/L 79.5 74.4 72.8 72.5 74.7 73.8 69.4 78.2 35.2 35.6 40.1 36.8 37.4 36.8 38.1 38.0

Thallium µg/L 0.229 0.162 0.160 0.153 0.102 0.134 0.0980 0.0910 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0400 J 0.0200 J 0.0100 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 JpH SU 7.02 7.00 6.94 7.10 6.71 6.69 6.74 7.10 8.92 9.11 9.08 9.44 8.70 8.78 8.86 8.96

Notes:µg/L: micrograms per litermg/L: milligrams per literpCi/L: picocuries per literSU: standard unitU: Non-detect value. Parameters which were not detected are shown as less than the method detection limit (MDL).J: Estimated value. Parameter was detected in concentrations below the reporting limit.-: Not sampledFor statistical analysis, parameter which were not detected were replaced with the reporting limit.

MW-1011

BackgroundParameter Unit

MW-1012

Background










Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 9/26/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/21/2017 4/26/2017 5/23/2017 6/21/2017 7/13/2017 9/27/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/22/2017 4/26/2017 5/24/2017 6/22/2017 7/13/2017

0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0500 J 0.0400 J 0.0200 J 0.130 0.0800 0.0500 J 0.0800 0.170 0.0900 0.0800 0.1100.260 0.430 0.420 0.390 0.450 0.610 0.630 0.440 5.03 5.49 5.24 5.15 5.48 4.30 4.19 5.1895.3 110 102 94.8 113 99.9 101 93.8 81.7 85.4 79.1 74.0 80.4 68.1 60.1 64.5

0.0220 0.126 0.0890 0.0770 0.0990 0.149 0.116 0.0620 0.0260 0.0100 J 0.00900 J 0.00900 J 0.00900 J 0.00700 J <0.004 U 0.00900 J0.0970 0.0880 0.110 0.0920 0.122 0.160 0.137 0.0890 0.317 0.263 0.283 0.241 0.216 0.240 0.196 0.175

<0.004 U 0.00900 J <0.004 U <0.004 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U 0.00900 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.00600 J 0.00600 J 0.00600 J <0.005 U 0.00800 J60.5 56.8 59.9 55.8 55.6 55.6 62.3 56.7 63.0 55.7 63.5 61.0 50.9 55.9 47.5 51.35.72 5.35 5.69 5.23 5.18 5.08 4.74 5.05 25.6 31.2 25.0 23.9 23.8 21.5 21.0 17.40.400 1.50 0.718 0.365 0.648 0.960 0.422 0.377 0.700 0.863 0.390 0.380 0.411 0.807 0.247 0.3001.04 1.04 1.15 0.989 1.05 1.07 0.994 1.16 1.96 1.46 1.78 1.54 1.23 0.941 0.926 1.021.33 1.47 1.66 2.51 1.29 3.44 3.22 1.71 1.22 2.34 1.70 1.60 1.30 1.32 0.802 1.080.150 0.130 0.130 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.110 0.100 0.320 0.330 0.320 0.290 0.330 0.290 0.270 0.2700.103 1.28 0.748 0.509 0.697 1.22 0.793 0.312 0.143 0.321 0.0500 0.0440 0.0340 0.0370 0.0200 J 0.08100.0110 0.0170 0.0140 0.0170 0.00900 0.0200 0.0200 0.0110 0.0400 0.0350 0.0380 0.0370 0.0250 0.0260 0.0370 0.0230

<0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00200 J <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U0.210 0.280 0.150 0.200 0.200 0.150 0.620 0.590 27.7 20.5 37.5 31.5 27.3 27.0 27.1 28.3

0.0400 J 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.300 0.0500 J 0.200 0.200 0.0800 J 0.100 0.200 0.0900 J 0.0700 J 0.0700 J261 273 278 248 265 279 264 261 448 438 474 430 372 370 367 36428.4 26.5 33.4 30.2 29.0 29.6 28.0 33.0 122 120 128 111 97.4 91.7 90.6 84.6

0.0100 J 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0630 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0100 J 0.124 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J7.80 6.90 6.99 6.97 6.57 6.54 6.68 6.71 7.56 7.34 7.53 7.39 6.92 6.96 7.33 7.09


MW-1601

Background

MW-1203

Background










Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 9/27/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/22/2017 4/26/2017 5/24/2017 6/22/2017 7/13/2017 9/26/2016 11/9/2016 1/12/2017 2/21/2017 4/26/2017 5/24/2017 6/22/2017 7/13/2017

0.160 0.130 0.100 0.0900 0.100 0.0800 0.0700 0.0700 0.0100 J <0.01 U <0.01 U <0.01 U 0.0100 J <0.01 U <0.01 U <0.01 U0.500 0.420 0.450 0.420 0.470 0.370 0.500 0.710 1.51 1.19 1.40 1.26 1.30 1.34 1.29 0.89050.7 51.1 50.2 48.2 59.2 54.6 55.0 57.6 13.4 15.4 11.4 10.3 12.4 11.5 11.4 11.3

<0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.004 U <0.004 U <0.004 U <0.004 U 18.6 18.3 17.1 18.9 16.7 16.4 16.4 18.00.0540 0.0370 0.0390 0.0410 0.0520 0.0740 0.0620 0.0520 0.0540 0.0530 0.0370 0.0850 0.0520 0.0960 0.0510 0.0390

0.00500 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.00900 J 0.0100 J 0.00900 J 0.0100 J <0.005 U 0.840 0.930 0.790 0.750 0.870 0.770 0.860 0.80072.5 63.1 65.4 69.4 73.8 74.7 70.4 81.9 105 94.7 92.7 91.9 90.5 93.9 90.6 90.210.6 8.77 7.20 8.13 7.74 9.90 10.7 12.1 3.37 3.22 3.45 2.93 3.28 3.34 3.10 3.32

0.800 0.590 0.666 0.547 0.692 0.703 0.566 0.482 1.10 1.12 0.731 0.771 0.829 0.620 0.821 0.4850.0600 0.0280 0.0430 0.0200 0.0240 0.0100 J 0.205 0.850 101 94.4 89.6 93.2 97.1 85.3 92.4 92.51.23 1.14 1.55 0.712 0.534 1.68 0.812 1.14 6.04 6.60 5.86 4.03 5.72 6.40 6.00 6.360.190 0.180 0.170 0.140 0.130 0.120 0.110 0.0900 J 1.24 1.10 1.11 0.900 1.04 0.980 0.980 0.930

0.0670 0.0590 0.0300 0.0200 J 0.0260 0.239 0.0470 0.0310 9.75 8.18 6.11 6.30 6.41 4.96 6.47 3.720.00800 0.0130 0.00400 0.00800 0.00600 0.00200 0.0210 0.00500 0.242 0.237 0.225 0.208 0.216 0.221 0.263 0.217

0.00200 J 0.00200 J <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00200 J 0.00400 J 0.00200 J 0.00300 J <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00200 J <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U3.41 2.63 2.44 2.79 1.88 1.51 2.12 2.29 0.150 0.170 0.0600 J 0.110 0.180 0.0700 J 0.320 0.2202.00 2.20 2.20 2.00 2.20 1.50 1.30 1.00 5.40 4.80 5.60 4.90 6.10 6.30 6.10 2.70400 360 362 399 382 394 416 484 1060 1010 948 1020 994 936 1040 1000106 86.1 81.6 96.3 83.6 103 106 132 801 733 636 720 678 646 873 694

0.0200 J 0.0100 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0100 J 1.29 1.55 1.39 1.20 1.41 1.35 1.43 1.437.68 7.53 7.82 7.73 6.81 6.85 7.51 6.99 4.29 5.56 3.64 4.51 3.34 3.32 3.04 3.20


MW-1603

Background

MW-1602

Background










Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 9/27/2016 11/8/2016 1/11/2017 2/21/2017 4/25/2017 5/23/2017 6/21/2017 7/12/2017 9/27/2016 11/8/2016 1/11/2017 2/21/2017 4/25/2017 5/23/2017 6/21/2017 7/12/2017

0.0500 J 0.0400 J 0.0800 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0300 J 0.0400 J <0.01 U 0.0100 J 0.0100 J <0.01 U 0.0100 J <0.01 U <0.01 U <0.01 U2.74 3.61 4.28 3.64 3.54 2.24 1.28 1.73 0.0400 J 0.0800 0.0700 0.0300 J 0.0600 0.0300 J 0.0500 J 0.23067.1 59.0 54.8 52.9 65.1 54.8 66.1 59.8 30.3 30.5 32.2 42.6 39.1 35.0 33.4 31.7

0.0290 0.0480 0.0270 0.0280 0.0340 0.0400 0.0630 0.0410 0.0910 0.121 0.111 0.138 0.119 0.114 0.105 0.1030.0310 0.0300 0.0160 0.0400 0.0100 0.0380 0.0170 0.0540 0.00800 0.00500 <0.002 U 0.0610 0.0250 0.0630 0.0170 0.0750

0.00700 J 0.00800 J 0.0600 0.00900 J 0.00600 J 0.0300 0.0500 0.0200 0.0600 0.0600 0.0700 0.0900 0.0900 0.0700 0.0700 0.07006.48 4.26 3.27 3.21 3.15 2.93 2.88 3.06 1.00 1.01 0.979 1.37 1.31 1.21 1.15 1.116.20 6.22 4.07 2.60 1.71 1.56 1.41 1.84 0.430 0.430 0.620 1.49 1.21 1.00 0.900 1.320.600 0.583 0.551 0.427 0.365 0.401 0.183 0.322 2.70 2.50 2.53 2.61 2.57 2.39 2.44 2.333.47 1.55 2.02 2.78 5.59 4.18 5.61 3.67 0.897 0.917 1.64 1.45 0.991 0.667 0.592 0.4951.11 1.28 0.707 0.927 0.478 6.71 16.8 0.636 0.679 1.99 0.138 0.904 0.278 6.08 10.9 0.380

0.270 0.290 0.230 0.120 0.0800 0.0600 0.0300 J 0.0600 <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U <0.02 U0.154 0.265 0.188 0.103 0.0100 J 0.0620 0.0490 0.0970 0.126 0.210 0.190 0.107 0.121 0.104 0.110 0.107

0.00400 0.00500 0.00500 0.00900 <0.0002 U <0.0002 U 0.00200 0.00400 0.00200 0.00700 0.00800 0.00500 <0.0002 U 0.00800 0.00200 0.000300 J<0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00300 J <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U

3.48 2.34 2.23 1.51 0.570 0.510 0.570 15.9 0.0800 J 0.0500 J 0.100 J 0.100 0.130 0.0700 J 0.0900 J 23.70.200 0.100 0.200 0.100 0.0800 J 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.300 0.200182 180 186 102 78.0 68.0 49.0 85.0 30.0 J 40.0 35.0 74.0 30.0 J 30.0 J 25.0 37.016.6 9.10 5.90 5.70 8.60 8.20 10.5 9.80 5.20 4.20 5.70 7.40 6.00 5.40 5.80 4.50

0.0100 J <0.01 U 0.119 0.175 <0.01 U 0.0100 J 0.0100 J <0.01 U 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0300 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J <0.01 U 0.0100 J7.46 3.41 6.15 6.45 5.91 5.78 5.61 5.45 5.66 2.26 4.64 5.07 4.94 4.80 4.85 4.67


MW-1604

Background

MW-1605

Background










Thallium µg/LpH SU

Parameter Unit 9/27/2016 11/8/2016 1/12/2017 2/22/2017 4/26/2017 5/23/2017 6/21/2017 7/12/2017 9/27/2016 11/8/2016 1/11/2017 2/21/2017 4/25/2017 5/23/2017 6/21/2017 7/12/2017

0.0300 J 0.0400 J 0.0700 <0.01 U 0.0300 J 0.0100 J <0.01 U 0.0100 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0600 0.0100 J 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J0.850 1.24 1.19 0.970 1.40 1.03 0.980 1.14 7.36 11.6 12.5 8.71 15.4 8.87 9.22 7.591030 994 883 875 1080 949 884 773 34.3 42.3 53.5 34.3 38.1 33.9 27.5 25.0

0.0640 0.114 0.0580 0.0250 0.0530 0.0230 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0250 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0280 0.0100 J 0.0100 J 0.0100 J1.92 1.80 1.77 1.63 1.78 1.87 1.89 1.79 0.159 0.202 0.171 0.195 0.273 0.186 0.164 0.167

0.00900 J 0.0100 J 0.0600 <0.004 U 0.00700 J <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.005 U <0.004 U 0.00700 J 0.0500 <0.004 U 0.00600 J 0.00800 J <0.005 U <0.005 U78.6 75.9 75.1 76.7 73.8 78.1 78.1 75.7 97.6 76.3 99.0 105 80.8 89.4 92.5 86.031.3 31.5 31.2 30.4 31.7 31.7 31.1 31.4 3.34 15.5 5.96 3.47 10.2 3.24 2.42 2.281.70 2.34 1.52 0.747 1.33 0.790 0.385 0.353 0.600 0.619 0.456 0.359 0.682 0.350 0.324 0.2930.814 1.26 0.919 0.381 0.951 0.411 0.209 0.153 1.41 1.45 1.31 1.24 1.34 1.30 1.39 1.132.76 4.08 3.35 2.29 2.40 3.37 2.79 3.37 1.55 1.68 0.577 1.34 1.08 6.76 1.27 0.3300.170 0.190 0.210 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.170 0.170 0.0400 J 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0700 0.0600 J 0.0500 J 0.0500 J1.19 1.88 1.02 0.330 0.862 0.341 0.159 0.103 0.156 0.376 0.129 0.0300 0.416 0.0810 0.123 0.0700

0.00600 0.0140 0.0100 0.00800 0.00300 0.00600 0.00400 0.00800 0.00300 0.00200 0.00700 0.00500 0.00300 0.00900 0.00400 0.00400<0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00200 J <0.002 U 0.00200 J 0.00300 J <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U <0.002 U 0.00400 J <0.002 U <0.002 U

0.680 0.510 0.670 0.910 0.840 0.540 0.600 7.56 0.520 0.620 0.830 0.540 0.530 0.420 0.450 9.020.200 0.300 0.200 0.200 0.100 0.0900 J 0.0600 J 0.0600 J 0.100 J 0.100 0.100 0.0500 J 0.200 0.100 0.100 0.100362 400 396 358 380 360 369 382 406 368 474 470 332 338 368 35854.0 54.5 58.8 53.9 56.1 56.2 55.3 57.0 132 88.4 171 150 85.3 114 119 105

0.0400 J 0.0300 J 0.110 0.0100 J 0.0200 J <0.01 U <0.01 U <0.01 U 0.0300 J 0.0200 J 0.119 0.0550 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J 0.0200 J7.39 7.24 7.26 7.16 6.65 6.78 6.70 6.51 6.92 6.75 6.02 6.53 6.32 6.30 6.32 5.77


MW-1607

Background

MW-1606

Background

Table 1: Residence Time Calculation SummaryBig Sandy Fly Ash Pond

Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

CCRManagement

Unit

MonitoringWell

Well Diameter (inches)

Groundwater Velocity (ft/year)

Groundwater Residence

Time (days)



Time (days)



Time (days)



Time (days)

MW-1011 [1] 2.0 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8MW-1012 [1] 2.0 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8MW-1203 [1] 2.0 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8 33.0 1.8MW-1601 [2] 4.0 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7MW-1602 [2] 4.0 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7MW-1603 [2] 4.0 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7 33.0 3.7MW-1604 [1] 4.0 6.1 19.9 1.4 85.2 8.4 14.5 0.8 149MW-1605 [1] 4.0 6.1 19.9 1.4 85.2 8.4 14.5 0.8 149MW-1606 [2] 4.0 6.1 19.9 1.4 85.2 8.4 14.5 0.8 149MW-1607 [2] 4.0 6.1 19.9 1.4 85.2 8.4 14.5 0.8 149

Notes:[1] - Upgradient Well[2] - Downgradient Well

Fly Ash Pond

2018-04 2018-09 2018-102018-01

APPENDIX 2—Figures

Figures follow showing the PE-certified groundwater monitoring network with the corresponding well identifications along with static water elevation data and groundwater flow directions each time groundwater was sampled in the form of annotated satellite images.

@A

@A!U !U

!U

!U

!U

!U !U

!U

!U

!UMW-1203

MW-1012

MW-1011

MW-1606

MW-1611

MW-1607

MW-1605

MW-1604

MW-1603

MW-1602MW-1601

MW-1608

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GISUser Community

³

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL NETWORKFLY ASH POND

AEP BIG SANDY PLANTLOUISA, KENTUCKY

FIGURE1AUSTIN, TX DECEMBER 20160 700 1,400 2,100 2,800350

Feet

Legend!U Monitoring Well (Sampling)

@A Monitoring Well (Water Level Measurement Only)

N:\A

EP\G

IS\MX

Ds\Fl

y Ash

Pon

d\Aug

ust 2

016\F

AP M

onito

ring W

ell N

etwork

.mxd

\DY\

18 N

ovem

ber 2

016

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

MW-1011682.98

MW-1012669.46

MW-1203710.56

MW-1601662.61

MW-1602634.51

MW-1603651.35

MW-1604523.79

MW-1605539.76

MW-1606524.73

MW-1607524.43

MW-1608680.06

MW-1611633.94

P:\Projects\AEP\Groundwater Statistical Evaluation - CHA8423\Groundwater Mapping\GIS Files\MXD\Big Sandy\2018\AEP-BigSandy_FAP_GW_2018-01-Jan.mxd. ARevezzo. 1/24/2019. CHA8423/05/08.

AEP Big Sandy Plant - Fly Ash PondLouisa, Kentucky

Potentiometric Surface Map - Uppermost AquiferJanuary 2018

³

Figure2Columbus, Ohio 2019/01/24

Legend@A Groundwater Monitoring Well

Inferred Groundwater Flow DirectionNotes- Monitoring well coordinates and water level data (collected on January 30, 2018)provided by AEP.- Site features based on information available in Groundwater Monitoring NetworkEvaluation - Big Sandy Fly Ash Pond (Geosyntec, 2016) provided by AEP.- Groundwater elevation units are feet above mean sea level.

750 0 750375Feet

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

MW-1011684.50

MW-1012669.79

MW-1203711.05

MW-1601665.57

MW-1602635.98

MW-1603652.02

MW-1604528.35

MW-1605543.10

MW-1606525.43

MW-1607525.36

MW-1608680.45

MW-1611635.48

P:\Projects\AEP\Groundwater Statistical Evaluation - CHA8423\Groundwater Mapping\GIS Files\MXD\Big Sandy\2018\AEP-BigSandy_FAP_GW_April 2018.mxd. ARevezzo. 8/22/2018. CHA8423/05/08.

Potentiometric Surface Map - Uppermost AquiferApril 2018


³



Inferred Groundwater Flow DirectionNotes- Monitoring well coordinates and water level data (collected on April 23, 2018)provided by AEP.- Site features based on information available in Groundwater Monitoring NetworkEvaluation - Big Sandy Fly Ash Pond (Geosyntec, 2016) provided by AEP.- Groundwater elevation units are feet above mean sea level.

750 0 750375Feet

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

MW-1011683.36

MW-1012669.87

MW-1203706.20

MW-1601652.51

MW-1602633.59

MW-1603650.79

MW-1604521.70

MW-1605536.93

MW-1606523.82

MW-1607523.41

MW-1608677.96

MW-1611633.13

P:\Projects\AEP\Groundwater Statistical Evaluation - CHA8423\Groundwater Mapping\GIS Files\MXD\Big Sandy\2018\AEP-BigSandy_FAP_GW_2018-09_Sept.mxd. ARevezzo. 10/30/2018. CHA8423/05/08.


Potentiometric Surface Map - Uppermost AquiferSeptember 2018

³



Inferred Groundwater Flow DirectionNotes- Monitoring well coordinates and water level data (collected on September 18,2018) provided by AEP.- Site features based on information available in Groundwater Monitoring NetworkEvaluation - Big Sandy Fly Ash Pond (Geosyntec, 2016) provided by AEP.- Groundwater elevation units are feet above mean sea level.

750 0 750375Feet

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

@A

@A@A

@A

@A

MW-1011683.06

MW-1012669.66

MW-1203708.68

MW-1601644.39

MW-1602633.50

MW-1603650.53

MW-1604522.36

MW-1605537.14

MW-1606522.95

MW-1607522.91

MW-1608680.53

MW-1611630.03

P:\Projects\AEP\Groundwater Statistical Evaluation - CHA8423\Groundwater Mapping\GIS Files\MXD\Big Sandy\2018\AEP-BigSandy_FAP_GW_2018-10-Oct.mxd. ARevezzo. 1/2/2019. CHA8423/05/08.


Potentiometric Surface Map - Uppermost AquiferOctober 2018

³



Inferred Groundwater Flow DirectionNotes- Monitoring well coordinates and water level data (collected on October 22, 2018)provided by AEP.- Site features based on information available in Groundwater Monitoring NetworkEvaluation - Big Sandy Fly Ash Pond (Geosyntec, 2016) provided by AEP.- Groundwater elevation units are feet above mean sea level.

750 0 750375Feet

APPENDIX 3—Alternative Source Demonstration Memorandum

The alternative source demonstration memorandum concluding that an alternative source for the SSIs observed during detection monitoring at the CCR unit was not identified follows.

150 E.Wilson Bridge Road, Suite 232

Columbus, Ohio 43085 PH 614.468.0415

FAX 614.468.0416

www.geosyntec.com

CHA8423 20180413 Big Sandy FAP Memo

M e mo r a n d u m

Date: April 13, 2018

To: David Miller (AEP)

Copies to: Bill Smith (AEP)

From: Allison Kreinberg and Bruce Sass, Ph.D. (Geosyntec)

Subject: Alternative Source Demonstration Initial Evaluation at

Big Sandy Plant’s Fly Ash Pond (FAP)

Two detection monitoring events were recently completed at the Fly Ash Pond (FAP), an existing

CCR unit at the Big Sandy Power Plant located near Louisa, Kentucky. These results identified a

statistically significant increase (SSI) for the following parameters:

• Boron at MW-1606;

• Calcium at MW-1607;

• Chloride at MW-1601, MW-1602, and MW-1606;

• Fluoride at MW-1603;

• Total dissolved solids (TDS) at MW-1603; and,

• Sulfate at MW-1601, MW-1602, MW-1603, and MW-1607.

A summary of the analytical results and the calculated prediction limits to which they were

compared is provided in Table 1.

Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. (Geosyntec) recently completed an assessment of geochemistry and

site history data for the FAP to evaluate if an alternative source demonstration (ASD) is likely to

be successful. As summarized by EPRI (EPRI, 2017), the initial evaluation reviewed five possible

sources of ASDs:

• ASD Type I: Sampling Causes;

Evaluation of Detection Monitoring Data – Big Sandy FAP

April 13, 2018

Page 2

CHA8423 20180413 Big Sandy FAP Memo

• ASD Type II: Laboratory Causes;

• ASD Type III: Statistical Evaluation Causes;

• ASD Type IV: Natural Variation; and

• ASD Type V: Alternative Sources.

The initial review indicates there are no alternative sources of any type which could explain the

SSIs at the FAP based on the currently available geochemical data.

INITIAL EVALUATION

Geosyntec completed an evaluation of the detection monitoring results, site geochemistry, and site

history data to assess possible sources of an ASD. This evaluation included a review of the

laboratory quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) data and the provided field forms. Also,

Geosyntec reviewed all work performed by Groundwater Stats Consulting, Inc. and found no

errors in the statistical calculations. Thus, this initial evaluation did not identify ASDs due to Type

I, Type II, or Type III issues. A review of the available geochemistry data found insufficient

evidence for natural variation which might explain the aforementioned SSIs at the FAP.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on this evaluation, Geosyntec did not identify an alternative source for the SSIs observed at

the Big Sandy FAP at this time.

Table 1: Detection Monitoring Data EvalutionBig Sandy Plant - Fly Ash Pond

Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

9/18/2017 1/31/2018 10/19/2017 1/31/2018 10/19/2017 1/31/2018 9/18/2017 1/31/2018 9/18/2017 1/31/2018mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 0.183 - 0.058 - 0.002 - 1.83 1.63 0.155 -mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 51.5 - 72.5 - 91.0 82.2 77 - 90.7 110mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 15.8 15.4 13.0 15.3 3.24 - 31.3 32.0 2.73 -mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 0.29 - 0.11 - 0.93 0.94 0.19 - 0.07 -SU Intrawell Background Value (UPL)SU Intrawell Background Value (LPL)SU Detection Monitoring Result 7.24 7.48 7.13 7.48 3.52 3.52 6.86 7.16 6.36 6.64

mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 362 - 434 - 962 915 380 - 398 -mg/L Interwell Background Value (UPL)mg/L Detection Monitoring Result 82.7 84.4 110 128 784 714 58.1 - 125 159

Notes:UPL: Upper prediction limitLPL: Lower prediction limitBold values exceed the background value.Background values are shaded gray.

MW-1601 MW-1602 MW-1603 MW-1606 MW-1607

5.35

558

79.5

7.886.04

6.231.50

8.506.23

7.946.59

Parameter Units Description

Boron

Calcium

Fluoride

pH

Total Dissolved Solids

Sulfate

Chloride

0.213

85.2

7.084

0.73

7.38

annual groundwater monitoring report - aep.com · 2019. 2. 22. · 1 i. overview this annual...

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