ANTH205/Biological Anthropology Evolutionary Genetics The Cell: 1) The Nucleus2) The Cytoplasm 1) The Nucleus =>Chromosomes=>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) The Cell 1) The Nucleus =>Chromosomes=>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)=> Nucleotides (Adenine. Thymine. Cytosine. Guanine) 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2 The Cell 1) The Nucleus =>Chromosomes=>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)=> Nucleotides (Adenine. Thymine. Cytosine. Guanine) => Codon (3 nucleotides) 3 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Cell 1) The Nucleus =>Chromosomes=>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)=> Nucleotides (Adenine. Thymine. Cytosine. Guanine) => Codon (3 nucleotides)=> Gene (alleles) A Coding Gene is that portion of the DNA molecule that carries the codon sequence for a particular protein. A codon represents an amino acid FeatureAnalogueMeaning baseletter codonwordamino acid genesentenceprotein None Coding Genes -Switch Genes -Body Plan Genes 4 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved From Genotype to Phenotype Genotype: The alleles possessed by an organism. Phenotype: The chemical or physical results of the genetic code. From Gene to Trait Combinations of alleles give us genotypes. These genotypes code for traits. The observable traits are the phenotypes. From Genotype to Phenotype Protein Synthesis The process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell. 1) Transcription The process during which messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed from the DNA code in the nucleus. BasicDetailedBasicDetailed 2) Translation The process during which the mRNA code builds a protein using amino acids supplied by transfer RNA (tRNA) in the cytoplasm. BasicDetailed BasicDetailed From Generation to Generation Gametes Production Mitosis The process of cell division that results in two exact copies of the original cell. Meiosis The process of cell division in which gametes are produced. Mitosis Meiosis 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7 From Generation to Generation Gametes Production 3-8 MitosisMitosis MeiosisMeiosis The Processes of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9 The Processes of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 10 Gene Flow: Mixing Populations Genes When members of different breeding populations interbreed, new genetic combinations are produced in the offspring. The Processes of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 11 Genetic Drift: Random Evolution Fission, the founder effect, and gene flow are particularly important in the evolution of our species. The Processes of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12 The Processes of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13 The Origin of Species and The Shape of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 14 The Origin of Species and The Shape of Evolution 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 15 A Brief Evolutionary Timetable 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 16 A Brief Evolutionary Timetable 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 17 A Brief Evolutionary Timetable 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 18 Linnaean Taxonomy 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 19 The Primate 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 20 The Primate 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 21 The Primate 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 22 The Primates 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 23 The Primates 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 24 The Primates 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 25 The Primates 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 26 The Primates 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 27 Studying the Human Past 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 28 Studying the Human Past 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 29 Studying the Human Past 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 30 Studying the Human Past 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 31 Old Bones: Locating, Recovering and Dating fossils A fossil is a priceless treasure, and finding one is an uncommon event. 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 32 Studying the Human Past 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 33 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 34 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 35 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 36 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 37 Evolution of the Hominins 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 38 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 39 The Evolution of Genus Homo 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 40 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 41 Lomekwi mya The Evolution of Genus Homo 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 42 The Debate over Modern Human Origins 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 43 The Debate over Modern Human Origins 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 44