a[ornl1 ols beh,lvi..,uv - edunepal.info
TRANSCRIPT
of\ a
t!' .lr (ropL.r\D't de4!U=tLyr,YL) Xjc-omrnodr
1r I
A'.rs.n,St-
a[ornl1 Ols Cnnsump-r Beh,lvi..,uv
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
1
Limi
e, \... x\
, lri i ncve
"!e\n
-4cs,,roP: ljno} MLab rrE
c&f,sgfNQqE mo\e
ds- ul-,ot- Db
-- S 1 trri$trer qre \naqresAeit! 11ne ob \+'e skvsnft qssQ$+$aD-fr-\^s
Ei\itl'er @--.o.I- o$"ev bb-c,o'\\Se \\^aYS qle
esrqfemelrfu1 &--Se\"S$bu\e B$c\I''\"e u\\t\ sE*\su de+e.^dr u
!s\-!DlS ry
i r\c\e (fnon€
^\ ""5E.' tsr' \nus nu-s\e\\_=rr"K.*HngYe K
- it'trtitt
J. i C ovAt -.o\\s-e -psXelas=
6b tt4e
! r<.
l,^...,
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
2
"\-d5''ons-r-om-t\1o.L_ qc\ Q . Lo m rrro gr>\es6hrNorr
5
1.-r r- i-\6,q1r,1--i; -r -'- ! :' ' \1\!\\ t.i-Lg,a *t,n r.: _ _-,r|U^ i\]U iSu is b. t^l. tN he-r, LonEe
F--r
6 U t rri+ v,r tels nefto.$ve t.-. '
L
o
-2
2_
3
q
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
3
Y.sX\S
\ !E!si,mp-L!:q::z)-.Ecqerdit-,\o \he \oturas .]
W.o o\-SsustaLsiSsn-fEq'ol -tnaq;soN. *\
€+Wr=ornnro\ is \ro\ tL t\rQ
r-ognrno\ ,,--,^.-
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
4
4"
3 J6
5
G
2-D
I .r 12.
3 oer u ni\: '
t-\
lo
c
(.
x
1
,'f3
{t
tLtoo C-ondi trong
AI
It^*
- ${l o
_7, - ^! -T lr\t l_- ..!rrr.r!v
,*)06 + ZyLt * 24 h.
PY
P1=-?sce Cb r" Mor - t,ru (-E Y
- ay
=--P.i<=p \ Y
trr{
I)rP
\t.
_- . r _i--
t--expf- -Salos.e--
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
5
-{-\.-
0
5
;
,-\
a*
)LE
E... \^e \it\re, $qs \-Ssrnso{iffii -\i\5 -t+\ai\ \"nle \q\n \sYqrrs a us\ s\
* he ftet -tl"e mo.yi6sq-:sni\\W tA+-\G+l\+ i
* Iot- LA + Itr !1}J !S : !qB). Jn {dr.\S S\lo-\\sn
t* t- \*re (oLsrr.rtrer'No o\t^er
!\a.,o7 |qr F\,to$ hq 6r,u\\ Ye &rce Y to j rr,n'.t \t^e"1' hq-CLt}e t'".ou c..=1* \ \oss ' \-te{r, o\ea c\ \oss \s Sts'f1 \L.or.
, ]-w$rxl-e r,s= ,FBgu >t\es, \ ranssrc'tils -sqll!r!*\.'lt$\ : NPY -- Mu-ln
UPy Pvrlu:\rr
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
6
43
N<c..^^Ar.no
j*..s*d\-o\- lrit\ :> utl ti t'd a\ _Sqhs\Ldi\n+\$ _(! _!$rcomsAi\_ sqn!\be maoslrvpA e rrxsliso-\ rL .tr.r.\- eo.v.. be (orosnveA oydi n".ff s\ m-F\-ititat \ \onK \ Tf,6 cr\ns\)nney V\os di\Neyef\\ FyeEayenee\ ob H^i.(otf\\&f\qkicns. c,
E- ctc'rc\\. \eSQ \Y\e\eJ\ce\ es.n toe rq\Ke.L. .\}\e $,mbi n.grsn
Af\A {r.\e c-6Fr\o\'n6.$\tn tJ,.s\ di^o \s(r:qi\ \".!\ qkarli ^^ ir orc\o.no.{ n\ +1^
\sroe:t fos,r ordec.
hlen\r nvAehnt '-\ -v\ c, < s.,ns \.ifN F.y c-qf\ Q.i\,^.ey pvaE?\ e F.rf\hi ^"*iNf\ A Oy
Corn\-o\ n cr\e,n R sr rnn\ lro rr. r\\Nrren\ \re$ \aorn . T\ ts q^l.i t., be
Yerolion ob PveSrverNce r nsE indift*rqrlco.
-\ftrnsitivi\i f,k Ur.e cons,-.,*..er txe\$s ,ton\ui heHsn N ks E s. e tb(. ,.\^,e pyeEE{S A kb e . Sj,d\N\t, \ ha\q \s\ ce b,e}\ Na B , BIL
Cs Cs.r-oo d ,\ Y i. c, A.r ",j t-n \- r'^-tt.\,^ \^.. (' r-"r '.^i+c f,L
6.
- \9111:
Io$\_{]ao.r-\ be sclhsE\ea E)r eo.cx_qdditronsl_r:srtt6\ X \_
mllfn Sq\rsk-, t]^,rn {.r..'. \^<' cr',.^^ \ .,a^-r-
W q tn\qer T,qnHtE oE q}\ tocdr. _
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
7
Mronnt".., oL Tnrl', t*;F r ot,re Ql rt-r-r€
{'\) O
A"ru r^*, **Te n( p . rr y\.,\s' \< o L<r sic too\ (ts H\c \(s !. Arten iEw
Lq cl SD \<no(!)^ ct,r -
ordi no.l onolvsis 6tr c{pffvr,,rl, -this sholrrc. d; Lttlq( (1r'rr P\ ne\n$rIS OI t\^]o ?fatoa \L'c\I ,f \.,4 \t/.\ e Lnr\\urr\t 1 .\Y\\'t \-- tHrI\J ot
s..hsla*1on ar ?s boio.l, r:n ,n.^-nos.,,,.,uLriPq 6-l uE\ikqlso-hsl-ar-
ur \u.lltr orr --rs&$Srer,,e ---schedu\g . An in.li$gwnc€ Se)"c ctu\e- is-U^e \istOk- Cornhlirroh on c:k k,ro oo oc,l,r .\rr-or.re-d:tn Src$l o ru'xsr t-.t eotl,rU'corqb'rlvlbso
2jsef
Tnc{ikk<-.'eenre Sc}-qdNel
t:
lrl
il.rl
J
,]
2 'i (r. r
q lj j" II 2:-I3
I
. CooSsr.e: \ -\nAi$erents -arLslt \+\ert -fn \ns tnfiS*gcl"e{4+Iet fs \\^e so-q&l\e hr.e r.r.v-r\\ (h- X is \ncreo*\vt l" \^}dF Y i*,-&..aq)ink \r' d€S-les-li\ \sk-: Tn-{yre c-nnnfclrraobs\
A !ae_Ye. is rr< do 1, B.@_ \refrerc4lzxttS1 r 3x + ,, t-* .{r+Bt :. Sr +sN\hele c-o-m b-rno-hors T* !^e-gsme te;,rl k_sqSqgle\s{-\.\oNer iU is lFr,,o\.n- os o.r\ i-d'r\Ns:Sd \nsdrile ._UV!
A
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
8
tt
Locor^ odi\ x ->
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
9
tosr.s,scj k[ x
Tn \.e \q <-omcnodivX X is nle&StrrQd c-\ant x-crKis \nhe\a os
'Sn dr [g<sr c e L\\ve SV\\u\ \ro \e LsvnbinS-
teld \+Lo -qqme-\e\x\ \ 14\r+sls\. -
\e-rnl \ s.Sr\\-tion. A sq\\ \ndr\$-rerrtt
a-o'\ed \...{'$qt nce \.
\^P \. \
-rxe N\Qs "re$rs \o
\t^e \ogne
obTad\$,"ffdY \D
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
10
\23--r6
to.r'ro Y
l'TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
11
\p \,rer s
to tre <+urtl
dim\-ir
Yq!\t€ L\\1€.
we \\soe'.
,r Yz y)
lo\u,ev tornmod-r\u sc\\rs\- '\nt\eNe to \*! S<tme \qve\| - ,. o --I| - r-
COn YC' Y
! s_:ss$sLJ
L-ur\- c :- r, r !$a-Sxx,-= 2, bqtl S &-E .,r-l.rQSr\: I. \arrs,.Na-tvylA,ed\nal s.S +V\e c^nSSmeY cn\!s\ \-s.o^ \tr-i4e- \nS$5osre--=1
f , iLrr.mo{',f'el e\YL\ rntp\:<-F s'=-'bsh\r\6.-\1qrte,\rRS ter t.; AtnirnrsVir\' ,
lI
\p!i,e \t r''ett-s \.iq S\d\ cere ssus\,..}t$e hlY \r,e-cLv.,$4.€Y- \ere$re r\\
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
12
,-t'heC rcos.rl
C
'Ilr e
f
2 Ye
--_---_
s
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
13
beQome
\q'.,s\ s 6f, sct\is-
\+refc +a\n\ F iR (er L.,^,
. ahe rco\or\ton Fa-i ng
L [!2 r!:eqL\d$_Br^k_f+1_g l-1 r,.e pve.\q/tt t\€e
.'isl^ev \grre!
- crr e or t:oHn \\e qood,_-1s--
1',
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
14
C-ortrtn. X
\:b
-f cz
\e dirlld:
\ceLo rnel
Cornr )
qle no\]L &\ \s roeb
-Q-+\rd S\-Lq !- SC: -
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
15
-___________I
. -kr"-sslac4 -E&s-
se o4,"e|_'Y11$t1\
\i\ <e\\SJv\-\G\ Co1.. \),.r1' \' nx-- .\1-1 i' L \ r '., r-.o\i rrf\ ('\, \t .tt, 1ryyl:\J\\rl-
(. tW.a\ I \.{\ \lr\ r-^..r\\ \.\L\ \r!r\- \{1 .,*'=d rr\Qrr\\. q
'.qr\< Qk Q\.ce I ctr qtc<\\'\\
\ic V ns.*. \\.c.-\ s u' \t, aa , r\ '\h\\n\p ( r.r.- r.,<. $41\rg _
l
Sntq-\.r ,q\n s1 \ e .el o\r sr$.' rXr t \r q'-
J.\\\er "1q!Y' trY-\o-\ Q-o fte r-rr+Q r .\t\ g\ \o
{1"€ -hi\t\€}\ $rs.$bre -\nvel o\ q,tiqkshilg'.\ \4 (.ssS:-
\rn'r\td--\rrcnrne rt:\\rl. ochs crso. tolStaid \t'-lLS
-e,\
l
II
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
16
o2-<lGg!O
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
17
E:\b+E
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
18
As +t'.e ?tirts \ , S'*rn\\ tr6 K \ \! !\\ \J_!e.q_tsrthc, Se t=h* to\\tn ps \\o. Tt- Coi\ be ha\sS \rrol .\,e
[--lbdtLrc-+-
\n ltce\neW
bl$qel a\ tY\ce \oe'\lrvren \nrwrrG
U*\Q \F Lo nsQr\\e{ q(\n
X \ \ Lorr\.'na{'\ -\ \rns r\nr,
sU$ r,n g,se \on-.\q.d .{erec's.q , uh',c\
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
19
"tS RL., rrrkrc n
: ds\!n\\qd-b: \, .
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
20
LLz
- i -r- +ue Htrrel t'r\"{'il \+rdqtLl\\.'s \q EL'?\tq \ |
rl$asn- ?A ce \
.s:r\\
c\eqvEc,.qe\ , r'oNtV. (trt\\QS
.
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
21
br$t(\odl
Lo\t\tftst\ Y
69
6
{-ao
s_e
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
22
I
(\. \+.e ta
L\n{\\\nn
tc-omrood,f, Y
Ero W.e tA c+owrodi[ x 'rs fr'eq!so_ys<\ o-\or.A y-o.x]rs- :r
ouqr*-ffiffil
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
23
.\- rY
3. N{$x = D*a)MUY rY
oY MOxPx Pv
PY
Qr =. incv
PCC - P$
-ansen\Qy \s \"eHQr "$. X , Hrs ye o,\ \n c,OrNe
^ [I- c i-\.\rr..-Y ia( wcr.re.,l
Qcc.
. \hss, o\ po.,rc E \he MRg
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
24
I
I
I
lI
I r-e-t
--=-.-.
S\^c^tq
t-
zLYBL1
t____+_
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
25
C'-\)\\e
\i\ibY\cr} rr"'i
\ncYeose\-Ty\
sro__:.Eo*\"$:$:: rre--de$':s= &r,.:rr..oovd s\spi r* pcc'U
Yr YzY\ L,
commod^h X
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
26
Y Aettalrlg
l-tll>f
F- ----r--F-tt-Itt-
[-'I xlxr
C'oc\t'.odih \
Y Xooa
\ntreruq\ Tt rt.aurS {uoJ Xoo"l
k \s b51* c1o od.
1u-nh\ lure\osed \rcre-c1gq1 trr\ 1uc.r,\-r\
tv,.e tg UeSdx \=lfs -
\
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
27
Lo$ tr. r dr .* Y
.'.I-l* iN
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
28
s\)JSP\sO ( \]\-\e
\ \n uorne - Sn
\$\)rscs9\rfts c' xesu\tr \^Q brtll \ine ur\\\ sV\.$ h-
\JoX:- o+nt \. * & Q\z o"rst \ \ T\ 'tnroms \n(yeosaLkurtlaer $\e b'.rclopF \ino \D\\\ \\^\kt \o \vre osq\$,c,,v-,, B'l.^'-
-tt"e '\^rome *\b".t en Lonsucneris \ir\ib6uq"\-:Virc\,a S\,raru.'r-itltlltll--lff
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
29
J\ '\(rOdS
\ t n\e.nsr 6oodl L 13
F
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
30
':.
tonra,.a&\1 X I S,
& P3L3 re;pchve\ \-.rri\ad,r,m
l- i poiou Ez * E3- !qN+FpiqL+\Le
'roc<eqse in,fnesms L te de,monJ tWfxqnarcc qoc.-t-l-fv,e<ekt'e. Y \s nestral q-ooJ .8. xenc< -=Eg rs -bsthztnU) gs:\rng--r\
+ =n-$5G+-4d x \s neutsj-t eooAl Ssrc+r<+ to'ttnivre,\"S==.-
\rcome ta..e &s:q++ k^ <".+ X rct -t"s -<^rnc { l-
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
31
a5rl\rooAr\ X
\ aflaq\ n1 o( ( oss,\Gn\ .
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
32
1
i
I
II
'\r.oS, \s
to
S(.$' a \q\F\ SS
;ilH\
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
33
Yls lrrs!{e
qr_ud\-\-\X--Aae-
I
\^s- P (.'ns"\iQi
\c€ q\tcn
$'on : L-dqs\eNe--.-1ts tq\qo*L q
Ln \hq relq\nls pncel \ c-osrtrr x ,- \,- :r-\-lnr\,r.eq. c rre.L-
(-ocnm.
OY
\nfofi\a \nqreqser \\\ \.\_s."\{ \\ be \
\Dn \O Su ., \\^oS q$n-w_-
\Alroa t1
cn:'E- g s\-2 \ndru-tq\ \te E\U \'- $a ?y\ce \. L-Ei't\rr\ Y' Tl iS +1*,U,$eV TC Ley\^e '\(.2 c,.\.' \,^a qo\nts \'1h" (6nsurr.e\ \i)\
'fhe cc.mrh-
I
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
34
puchace oxt ers\ t v & a\ r arn\ 6\ \ Fvre b:r\J \n_S4S_p&4 _J
\oq r.su: trl\e} \ne U,!z t^.xtrt4 is htjlaiXher
-'r--C>--dI \h. p'nt \. U--rs_-\1e na\e (ryls5rNy_k_ _
(birtrrn porn\ ' -.rn o\der tu fnoke \he C1nqL)rheh nqrt{.rer bqflev _
oN rnv .-totse \E. , k ten$ ]n \esj_'rf\come \ue \ lUs bf,t__,n_
FAr! \ E hsr b \"E ledu-ad , \e \ur€d yqjorlrn-rn \nsne-rcd\Uoct" lte p\rU4o-\rfl lo..revlSe{\l \Nruraq dre_\tr $]f\A'----\ c-nc{N\r is ca\iq1 Co\en-t*Stg \crio,hot',n Ur6},pl
eluq\ h *BrLz rn \-\!S tlmrn \ of t-zLq i".,
\ Larn\$' X
harc tt {rr'.,, cr co6pen.Sa\lur t^-d:el f"ne B:-L3 fnafSinfl lF,b- ner"'-LL q!L2 t W
c\ts \[e-Sinb c--.A\ \r^e pd'nrs A t. c V€
-\e c\srSrqaAl$Cf C sn trtl \s S oo *.r-Cr_ \S S+e__!A_Lore__
-t}: r \og \nc:cqr n \t,e $nsump$on t\ Larnn.x \ \z.A)__\$ \^e _\nfvecl11 \n .cqn-\ 'lf\Lame,
I
I
U.rt^g ryodr r^-i'\rn \\rri.\ad \Nlome.Thete ore S\cn\or,i\g
i
). drss\c'-'\\o.n \ tqfl {^qm
o\ L\$cn. x
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
35
tvul - Py
t !'t o^.,l
'n'
t-
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
36
ib\ssiui\Rt\er s\ \\.o"*\t$ Oo,l\- Ir gore rtalist\c tneo.\svqrnqnt <6 ultrttg I \\a,lsYs\I Qrp\crrn Cans){w
-frrrs c-omsrodrH rr.oJg) : N\orShc^-\,o$ \no\&Sls +SSurned \\+U\\i\h d^\.Fd"\Jos \r'e r-onSocnp\\ur. \ *" cnTn\o.{iht \\ \he
\rsclion \ \".1 cosrrno{i[ s\ooelt '\s .'r^o-b\e \ 6Je. orntgze -
c--d+ \ae rr\ess$Ytd Ci.v\nr.\1 .
g \,,e te-tlS6gq "g,s$h,^\ql&-esn-$ernM\qrr$:
0n tt"p -o\t^ev \und,=f oqQwo,da e4.r, -lrno-\qze sl\ '\rch
-os-it--\s- !"s=tldo@U
e$Fcb' c(h p$ee q$ech'.1c q$E-r\s$r \s ssPQ*\r tt. \a. Nhyal':{
t\$< crr.. 'rt'ls ct\z>re \ &ar.r cr Ais\-'rtc*\$. \.o$ \"F \n($mq
l* s.r"<t^nrr.on \eQ \ o pnce ViY\t\eG\ \IorCrrcl|icr.n oncr\sie
it^o: \*, ko CnstrXush L,eS {v,ere kne L\rnponvt- O5 pr",t1 a$.e+-A iEt$"n"hv. \ t-r,Sn Nrodoxl \ernorrd \t t$t" \-rsA ros tnrl t"r's'.\l.A iEr$an"hv. \ t\,N{\ N,
o-\ \e N(rrsY,o$o.o orro)1ss or tlnq k,osis \ \\wUonc,.\i\\r\e hctoxtt \a Tc <.-r,a-\{Ss c Cqr\S$nsY
'r\ rn \rr\itturnqI c iyn\ ._oV,ere ,:^ V,o\Xet, \ne \s hqd \t *\"e=q \.eNQ.S.rr,.r= L]r . oc.. \r,e v:c\,s 6\ $\',\ -,.,..^..".,t11C,s Ve rrAsurnpr
"sa..o\_B=JrL
\tuv
Acco5\ql ks r".t,cx-s 6{,, TC-ar.qtr$SS+!$^e--lS?gJnG
-i- ; $"*\,5 r:,.",o \ts o..r\+hr r-$q-g:s,sve
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
37
nqtr aH\\\ce. Hi urs
Q,!c n t--\tlr1 \
-rhr\ S ,IC
\e \.-: q,
ia \A
crrrcr-\
. Tweve
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
38
Refonu-s$\oNSLB-\,L\ :gsUlSSn'rS --sssfqss=rs--tas^sef sv' S<!Dsr-\,\ t-^.-^r- \^o$tLr^o c r,,mE'in^.\\nn. AtrB,
fu=
I
sno.Ke\-S -rha\ce
\E \e\JS*fel Ws Prq\eTeme'Ht- hus nlrnn -
gesNe-t.eBosA'.-Soslrx}\ss \qr tu &ute =J-.*\$s q '1.olol..iS he \qs c{og\eA -bq\oVqt'rsu
___ -a
iW=^* iqs trc sno\ h' be -ns\.c.ed,=i5*YT*^ I_l
$rrG
L qhr(tc.o,rnbrsqltsrD:-hr et:19 p*rS \-Sf"sel &
- -s.- . ' *a- *"*r.oo*;L!''q qre su\ rre c"-\'sh c ' trnp\ '
Huu"exX, in\i.\e \.lne-u- r':es.Is!e{sQ't -fc S{qI\\telx
-cssrs,&x'A srPqnjY-b -\to-
ar-u\qs\'-
TU BBS 1st Year Economics I Notes | www.edunepal.info
39