APA 7th Edition

NSU Librarians

Alvin Sherman Library

2021

Introduction Plagiarism

PatchwritingIn-Text Citations

Melissa Johnson

APA Publication Manual, 7th editionTable of Contents

1. Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles2. Paper Elements and Format3. Journal Article Reporting Standards4. Writing Style and Grammar5. Bias-Free Language Guidelines6. Mechanics of Style7. Tables and Figures8. Works Credited in the Text9. Reference List10. Reference Examples11. Legal References12. Publication Process

If you don’t have the manual handy, the APA Style website is very useful

The manual recommends consulting college style guides for any variations (such as 1½ left margin for binding)

• To give credit to others ideas and words (this includes charts, tables, and other graphics) that have influenced your work

• Not properly citing the use of other people’s words, ideas, theories, and/or information is considered plagiarism.

• To allow your reader to find your sources

Why Do I Need to Cite My Sources?

Types of Plagiarism

Minor

• Paraphrasing is not cited in the proper way; ideas are presented without reference to the original source

Moderate• Unacknowledged copying of ideas and material

Serious• Submitting someone else’s work as your own

What is paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing restates another’s idea (or your own previously published idea) in your own words. Paraphrasing allows you to summarize and synthesize information from one or more sources, focus on significant information, and compare and contrast relevant details.

- https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/paraphrasing

Avoid Patchwriting

Paraphrase that too closely matches the wording and language of the source text.

Happens when you don’t clearly understand the source you’re looking at

Form of academic dishonesty

Patchwriting example: How similar is too similar?Changing only a few words or substituting synonyms on a one-to-one basis is called patchwriting and is not paraphrasing.

-https://easybib.wordpress.com/students/research-guide/paraphrasing-patchwriting-direct-quotes/d-patchwriting/

In-Text Citations in APA Style

Types of In-Text Citations

PARAPHRASED INFORMATION (use more often)Summarizing any amount of information, from a sentence to an entire book, from your source material.

DIRECT QUOTATIONS (use sparingly)Using the exact same words, in the exact same order, as your source material.

See APA (7th ed.), p. 269

APA In-Text Citation: Paraphrased Information

Now, the rule is simple: use et al. any time you have more than two authors!

APA In-Text Citation: Direct Quotations

Notice where period goes and lack of quotation marks in a block quote

How do I handle this?

You want to use this information found inGram-Hanssen article. What should you do?

Track down the original material using the reference information provided at the end

Original article easily found in the library databases by using the Full-Text Finder tool

Back to Gram-Hanssen, what if this is also useful…

…but, you can’t track down the original?

Secondary Sources

O’Brien’s 2020 work (as cited in Gram-Hanssen, 2021) discusses…

See APA Chap. 8, p. 258

What do you include in your list of references for this sentence?a. Only O’Brienb. Only Gram-Hanssenc. Include both items in your references

New!Must now add year

Secondary Sources

O’Brien’s 2020 work (as cited in Gram-Hanssen, 2021) discusses…

Correct answer: bList only the item you read (Gram-Hanssen) in the reference list

See APA Chap. 8, p. 258

Do not list O’Brien as one of your references. If you do, you’ve committed plagiarism!

You should include the Cajete (2016) item in your references because in that case you read the original.

Another confusing situation

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS(L. Acosta, personal communication, June 15, 2019)

• Unrecoverable data such as personal conversations• Personal letters that are not accessible in an archive• Handouts not posted on a website or available elsewhere• Restricted emails and not visible to the entire group

• Lectures and PowerPoints that cannot be retrieved by other researchers NOTE: Include full reference and link for a class assignment if every reader (instructor and/or classmates) will be able to access sources in Canvas, etc. (see APA 7th, p. 259)

For writing assistance: nova.edu/wcc

Formatting the Reference List in APA Style

Charlene Cain

Reference List Citations

• Start References list on a new page

• References answer four basic questions:

• Alphabetize by author(s) last name or name of the group author

• Every item in reference list should have a corresponding in-text citation, and vice versa! (with exceptions – such as secondary sources, personal communications, and whole websites mentioned by URL in the body of the paper)

Who? When? What? Where? if applicable

Authors. Date. Title. Source. DOI or URL

Sources with Multiple Authors 7th ed

Schmid, R. F., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Tamim, R., Abrami, P. C.,

Wade, C. A., Surkes, M. A., & Lowerison, G. (2009). Technology’s effect

on achievement in higher education: A Stage I meta-analysis of

of classroom applications. Journal of Computing in Higher

Education, 21(1), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-009-9021-8

New! Omit authors and use ellipses only if over 20 names

The rule about using et al. when you have multiple authors only applies to the in-text citations!

Journal Articles - YearJournal Articles--Year

Cheon, O., Naufal, G., & Kash, B. A. (2020). When workplace wellness programs

work: Lessons learned from a large employer in Texas. American Journal of

Health Education, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2019.1687366

Journal Articles – Article TitleJournal Articles—Article Title

Cheon, O., Naufal, G., & Kash, B. A. (2020). When workplace wellness programs

work: Lessons learned from a large employer in Texas. American Journal of

Health Education, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2019.1687366

Journal Articles – Journal TitleJournal Articles—Journal Title

Cheon, O., Naufal, G., & Kash, B. A. (2020). When workplace wellness programs

work: Lessons learned from a large employer in Texas. American Journal of

Health Education, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2019.1687366

Journal Articles – Publication Info

• Last name, initials (no first and middle names) and leave the order of authors as published• Watch for capitalization of article title vs. capitalization of journal title• Volume number in italics / issue number in parentheses / then page numbers

Cheon, O., Naufal, G., & Kash, B. A. (2020). When workplace wellness programs

work: Lessons learned from a large employer in Texas. American Journal of

Health Education, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2019.1687366

New! Always include issue numbers, per 7th edition

Journal Articles – digital object identifier

New! Only acceptable DOI format in APA 7th edition

Cheon, O., Naufal, G., & Kash, B. A. (2020). When workplace wellness programs

work: Lessons learned from a large employer in Texas. American Journal of

Health Education, 51(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2019.1687366

Reminder: these APA 6th edition doi formats are no longer used:doi:10.1007/s12528-009-9021-8

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12528-009-9021-8

Example of a DOI

Journal Articles – digital object identifierTip: Use Word’s “Find and Replace” function to edit the reference list in

conformity with APA 7th’s required doi format

Journal Article with an Article Number but no Page Range

Jerrentrup, A., Mueller, T., Glowalla, U., Herder, M., Henrichs, N.,

Neubauer, A., & Schaefer, J. R. (2018). Teaching medicine with

the help of “Dr. House.” PLoS ONE, 13(3), Article e0193972.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972

In APA 6th, if the article was published in a format without page numbers, the reference skipped over the page number spot to the doi.

APA Citation: Print Books

Author, A. A., & Author, B.B. (Year). Book title. Publisher.

Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2017). The leadership challenge: How

to make extraordinary things happen in organizations (6th ed.).

John Wiley & Sons.

New! In APA 6th, the city and state were included for books

APA Citation: Online Sources - Websites

Author, A. A. (Date). Title of document [FORMAT]. http://xxxxx

You need to know what TYPE of resource you have. Is it a Facebook posting? Is it a report from a company’s website?

PBS NewsHour. (2019, March 19). New Zealand students honor shooting

victims with haka dances [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hmVjMdutQrc

CHOICE Media Channel. (2020, February 14). Creating references using seventh edition APA Style [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/gmZIfLX_qs8

APA Citation: Dissertations(examples are single-spaced to fit in this slide / live link left in blue and underlined, but should be black, no underline)

(see APA 7th, p. 334)

Consult your college’s style guides for any variations – some might prefer other margins, spacing, fonts, etc.

Reference List - Formatted

32

Hanging Indentation in MS Word

References out of order? Use the SORT feature.

Need to change uppercase to lowercase in titles?Use the CHANGE CASE tool.

Discussion - what citation generating tools do you use?

?

Spot check and fix any errorsCitation features are improving, but still not perfect.

(Database URL, capitalization, ellipses from 6th edition)

APA 7th Edition:Other Changes

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_for

matting_and_style_guide/apa_changes_7th_edition.html

Contact us if you still have questions

http://lib.nova.edu/ask