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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHOCENTRO DE CINCIAS SOCIAIS, DA SADE E TECNOLOGIACURSO DE JORNALISMODISCIPLINA INGLS INSTRUMENTALPROFESSORA REGYSANE BOTELHO

Basic Grammar Review

Verb to be

Present Past GerundI amYou areHe is

She isIt isWe areYou areThey are

I wasYou wasHe was

She wasIt wasWe wereYou wereThey were

Being

Past Participle

Been

Prepositions

Time Place

- Century (in the 20thcentury);

- Decade (in the 70s);- Year (in 1977);- Season of the year (in

summer);- Month (in May);- Parts of the day, except

night(in the afternoon)

IN

- Continent (in Asia);- Country (in England);- State (in California);- City: (in London);- Neighborhood: (in

Ipanema);- Street: (in the street).

- Day in the month (on

December 22);- Day of the week (onMonday);

- Specific date: (onEaster Sunday)

ON

- Name of the Street (on

Sousa Lima Street);- Avenue (on BernardoSayo Avenue);

- Square (UnioSquare).

- Hours (at 5 oclock);- Specific date without

the word day (atChristmas). AT

- Street with the number(at 34 Sousa LimaStreet);

- Specific place: atchurch, at school, atthe movies).

Indefinite Article

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A Consonant sound Examples: a reporter, a

newspaper, a house, a

European girl, a uniform, a

week, a year, a university.An Vowel sound Examples: an hour, an honest

man, an arm, an eraser.Note: a oran are only used before singular countable nouns.

Exercise

1. Complete the sentences using the correct indefinite article:

a. Today is ___________ hot day.

b. She is in New York ____________ year ago.

c. There is _____________ good book about this at the library.

d. That is ______________ old house.

2. Underline the correct preposition:

a. Thomas is studying (in/on/at) Paris.

b. She was at the university (in/on/at) 9 oclock (in/on/at) the morning

yesterday.

c. Independence Day is (in/on/at) September 7th.

d. The new bank is (in/on/at) Getlio Vargas Avenue.

3. Complete using the correct verb to be form:

a. There _______________ several children playing at the park last

weekend.

b. Philippe and Sheila ______________ for the staff meeting.

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c. Andrea _______________ not in Italy last month.

d. _____________ he going to answer my question or not?

READING SKILLS

When you read, you use many different skills, you

need to work on them one at a time. Here are six

important skills you should work on.

Previewing: Before you start reading, find out

something/discuss about what you will read. Then

you can start thinking about the subject. You will be

able to read faster and with some understanding.

Asking questions as you read: This keeps your mind on what you

read. Asking questions helps you pay attention. It also helps you to

remember what you read.

Guessing what new words mean: It takes much time to look up every

word. And if you stop, you may forget what you are reading. Use the

whole sentence or paragraph to guess words.

Finding the topic and the main idea: The topic and the main idea let

you know what is important. To find the topic and the main idea, ask two

questions:

Understanding patterns in English:A pattern is a way of putting ideas

together. If you find the pattern, you can understand more. You will also

remember more.

Using signals words: Some words are like signposts on a highway.

They tell you what direction the writer is going and they help you to

follow the writers ideas. Signal words also help you guess what you will

read about.

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1. What is the subject of the text?

2. What do you know about this subject?

- Read the text again, and answer the following questions:

1. What is the main idea of the text?

2. Make a list of words in the text related to the main idea.

- Check the correct alternative:

1. Asking questions

a) is a way of thinking about the subject.

b) helps you remember what you read.

c) lets you know what is important.

d) makes you forget what you are reading.

e) tells you what direction the writer is going.

2. When you read,

a) you use only six skills.

b) you use questions as signposts.

c) you use skills and signposts.

d) you use more than six skills.

e) you create patterns.

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What is journalism?Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered

1. Mark Deuze (Indiana University)

Abstract

The history of journalism in elective democracies around the world has beendescribed as the emergence of a professional identity of journalists with claims toan exclusive role and status in society, based on and at times fiercely defended bytheir occupational ideology. Although the conceptualization of journalism as aprofessional ideology can be traced throughout the literature on journalism studies,scholars tend to take the building blocks of such an ideology more or less for

granted. In this article the ideal-typical values of journalisms ideology areoperationalized and investigated in terms of how these values are challenged or

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changed in the context of current cultural and technological developments. It isargued that multiculturalism and multimedia are similar and poignant examples ofsuch developments. If the professional identity of journalists can be seen as kepttogether by the social cement of an occupational ideology of journalism, theanalysis in this article shows how journalism in the self-perceptions of journalistshas come to mean much more than its modernist bias of telling people what they

need to know.Source: http://jou.sagepub.com/content/6/4/442.short

2. Take from the text at least five words to build a vocabulary list for this

Abstract. Research an English meaning explanation for them:

Word Definition

LINKING WORDS:

And:

Because:

But:

Or:

Although:

However:

- Complete using one of the words above:

a) Peter is a History teacher, ______________ George is not.

b) We can take the plane during the day, ____________ a bus at night.

c) I have two brothers __________ Suzy has two.

d) They are studying hard now ____________________ there is a testtomorrow.

e) Her new dress is elegant, __________________ it was not expensive.

f) Julia ____________ some friends are going to the conference tonight.

g) Jack wears suits _______________ he works as a lawyer.

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A Day in the life of a Television Reporter

A reporters job is not for the faint of heart. It requires a great deal of stamina,physical fitness, and unflagging self-motivation. Aspiring television reporters must bestrong on perseverance, be able to look danger squarely in the face, be willing to worklong hours, forego weekends, holidays, and special occasions, and be ready to be onthe road at a moments notice.

Television reporters gather information, investigate leads, and write and reportstories live or on the scene. Occasionally they tape their newsstories, sometimes

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called packages, for a later broadcast. Reporters must be able to accurately compilenotes, conduct interviews, determine the focus of a story, and quickly organize andcomplete a story. Because of the increased pace and efficiency of electronic news-gathering techniques, reporters are sometimes hard-pressed to properly complete theirstories before they are called upon to go live. Reporters with good memory and poise

who are able to speak fluently and extemporaneously will fare well.

With violent crime rates up over the past several years, reporters must be bothemotionally and psychologically stable so they can face and report from gruesomecrime scenes. They are usually assigned leads to pursue by station assignmenteditors. Some reporters are given a specific beat to cover, such as police stations,city hall, or the courts. Others specialize in areas such as medicine, consumer news,sports, science, and weather.

While most reporters do on-the-spot news coverage, investigative reportersusually cover long lead-in stories that often take days or weeks of information

gathering and, depending on the subject matter, may involve danger. Newscorrespondents stationed in foreign nations at war or facing civil unrest place their liveson the line with every live report. These correspondents must not only learn how tomaneuver through difficult situations to locate sources of valuable information but mustalso overcome language barriers, cultural barriers, and fear to get to that information.

(http://www.princetonreview.com/careers.aspx?cid=157)

- Faa um resumo das informaes apresentadas pelo texto. Apresente,

preferencialmente, um tpico para cada pargrafo.

MASS MEDIA

Mass media refers collectively to all

media technologies that are intended to

reach a large audience via mass

communication. Broadcast media (also

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known as electronic media) transmit their information electronically and

comprise of television, film and radio, movies, CDs, DVDs and some other

gadgets like cameras or video consoles. Alternatively, print media uses a

physical object as a means of sending their information, such as a newspaper,

magazines, brochures, newsletters, books, leaflets and pamphlets.

Photography can also be included under this subheading as it is a medium

which communicated through visual representations.

The term also refers to the organizations which control these

technologies, such as television stations or publishing companies. Mobile

phones, computers and Internet are sometimes referred to as New-age Media.

Internet media is able to achieve mass media status in its own right, due to themany mass media services it provides, such as e-mail, websites, blogging,

Internet and TV. For this reason, many mass media outlets have a presence on

the web, by such things as having TV ads which link to a website, or having

games in their sites to entice gamers to visit their website. In this way, they can

utilize the easy accessibility that the internet has, and the outreach that internet

affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many different regions of the

world simultaneously and cost-efficiently.

Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards,

signs, placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings/objects like

shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting.

Public speaking and event organizing can also be considered as a form of mass

media.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media)

- What information does the text give about different kinds of mass

media?

- Translate these sentences from the text:

a) Mass media refers collectively to all mediatechnologies that are intended toreach a large audience via mass communication.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_communication


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b) Broadcast media (also known as electronic media) transmit their informationelectronically.

c) Print media uses a physical object as a means of sending their information.

d) Public speaking and event organizing can also be considered as a form ofmass media.

- Match the words with their definitions:

1. Sign ( ) A printed sheet of paper, sometimes folded, containinginformation or advertising and usually distributed free.2. Brochure ( ) Transmit (a program or some information) by radio or

television.3. Placard ( ) A small mechanical device or tool.4. Leaflets ( ) A large outdoor board for displaying advertisements.5. Medium ( ) A small booklet or leaflet containing information or

arguments about a single subject.6. Broadcast ( ) A small book or magazine containing pictures and

information about a product or service.7. Pamphlet ( ) A small nonrigid airship (informal).8. Blimp ( ) An object, quality, or event whose presence or

occurrence indicates the probable presence oroccurrence of something else.

9. Newsletter ( ) A poster or sign for public display, either fixed to a wall orcarried during a demonstration.

10. Gadgets ( ) A bulletin issued periodically to the members of a society,business, or organization.

11. Billboard ( ) A particular form of storage for digitized information, suchas magnetic tape or discs.

QUANTITATIVES

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Many Much

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Many problems

Few

Few foreign students

A few

A few children

Fewer

Fewer people

Much coffee

Little

Little sugar

A little

A little salt

Less

Money

Note:

Many and much can be replaced fora lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great deal of.

Every time I have lots ofproblems I drinka lot ofcoffee.

Very is used to emphasize an idea.

She is verybeautiful.

I like him very much.

1. Complete the sentences using the correct quantitative:

a. There is ______________ superstition among ancient

civilizations.

b. _______________ people came to our party last weekend.

c. ________________ Brazilians believe that number 13 is a lucky

number.

d. Give ______________ food to your pets.

e. We can buy a shirt in this store with very _______________

money.

f. Judy knows _________________ songs than her sister Ann.

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Reading Activity

- Read the text and then decide which words in bold match the following

definitions:

1. Check twice ___________________________

2. Think carefully as something may not be true__________________________

3. Attempt to make people believe what is not true

___________________________

4. Having the most recent information ___________________________

5. Information that proves something can be trusted

__________________________

6. Idea that people support or fight for ___________________________

7. Giving equal attention to all opinion __________________________

Checking online sources

The Internet is a great resource for journalists, as long as the information

found is treated with caution. Journalists, more than anyone, should know not

to believe everything they read. In the past it was relatively easy to check out

the credentials of a book, newspaper or magazine, but in the digital age

anyone can make a professional looking website and publish whatever they

want.

Hoax stories do quite often make it into the mainstream media. In one

famous case Reuters published a story about Pol Pot visiting Sweden. A

Reuters journalist had seen a website showing photos of Pol Pot arriving at aSwedish airport and, believing the site to be the official site of a Russian news

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agency, filed the report. Reuters put the story on the wire and to their

embarrassment discovered later that it was a hoax created by a Swedish web

design company.

So how could the unfortunate journalist have avoided the

embarrassment? If he had looked up who owned the site, he would have

realized that it had nothing to do with a news agency. All owners ofdomain

names have to register with a Network Information Centre (NIC), and this data

is available to the public. You simply have to go to the appropriate NIC, and

type in the domain name. For all .com domain names this is the INTERNIC.

A query to INTERNIC would have told the journalist that the domain

name was owned by a Swedish company, and given him contact addresses

and telephone numbers. He would have known that it was very unlikely to be

the site of a Russian news agency, and a telephone call could have confirmed

his suspicions.

As well as checking out the owner of a site, there are other criteria you

can use to decide if a site is useful and reliable. Is the content original and

current? Just because the information is new to you, doesnt mean it is

necessarily up-to date. Does the site represent a specific cause or issue? Is

the information fair and balanced? Many sites have an About page which

gives data about the owner, authors and editorial policy.

Finally, treat information gathered from the Internet like any other

information. Double-check the facts whenever possible and if youre not sure

about the veracity of a story, dont publish it.

Source: http://www.britishcouncil.org/professionals-specialisms-journalism-1.htm

1. Qual problema foi enfrentado pelo jornalista da Reuters?

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2. Que dicas so dadas pelo autor do texto a fim de evitar esse tipo de

problema?

3. Quando, segundo o texto, um jornalista no deve publicar uma matria?

VERB TENSES

PresentSimple Present

I go out to dance every Saturday. But he doesnt like to go with me.

Note: Verbs change on the third person of the singular. They receive s, -es, or ies.

Present Continuous

I am organizing a great political event at this moment.Note: Verb to be in the present + verb-ing (gerund form)Present Perfect Tense

They have been to Europe several times since 1980.

She has studied a lot to been the editor.

Note: Auxiliar have/has + verb in the past participle.

Past

Simple Past

Carol visited her family last holidays. And went to the falls with them.

Note: Verbs change in the affirmative form. Regular ones receive an ed ending and

irregular ones present a special form.Past ContinuousI was exercisingwhen he arrived.Note: verb to be in the past + verb-ing (gerund)/ when / simple past tense sentence

They were cleaning the house, while I was cooking lunch.Note: verb to be in the past + verb-ing (gerund)/while/ past continuous tense sentence

Past Perfect TenseI had seen many places before I moved here.Note: auxiliary had + verb in the past participle

Future

Immediate Future

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He is going to organize an important interview.Note: verb to be in the present + going to + verb

Simple FutureI will travel to London next year.

Note: auxiliary will + verb

Reading practice

Vocabulary study

Host ( ) A person hired to work for different companies onparticular assignments.

Critic ( ) A person who is in charge of and determines thefinal content of a newspaper, magazine, or multi-author

book. A person who commissions or prepares written orrecorded material for publication or broadcast.

Editor ( ) A person employed to report for a newspaper or broadcasting organization from abroad.

Correspondent ( ) A person who judges the merits of literary orartistic works, especially one who does soprofessionally.

Freelancer ( ) A person who comments on events or on a textCommentator ( ) The presenter of a television or radio programme.

The Voice of America

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Alistair Cooke was best known in America as the host of the innovative culturalprogramme "Omnibus" in the 1950s and then of the long-running series "MasterpieceTheater". His work, however, extended far beyond broadcasting on television.

Born in Salford, near Manchester, in the north of England, his interest injournalism first showed itself whilst studying at Cambridge University, where he was the

editor of The Granta, a student magazine. After graduating, he left for the USA andwasted little time in pursuit of his ambition to work for the BBC. He secured a job as thecorporations film critic when Oliver Baldwin, the son of the British prime minister, gaveup the job in 1934. His early career also included periods working as a correspondentfor both the Times and the Daily Herald. He was a broadcaster for NBC and madeseveral appearances for the BBC during the war as both a commentator and newsreporter.

In 1945, his freelance work on the founding conference of the UN led to theeditor of the Manchester Guardian offering him the post of UN correspondent and thenas US foreign correspondent a post he held until 1972. During this time he won

acclaim for his account of the JFK assassination, which he composed from TVbroadcasts with the help of his 14-year-old daughter, and also for his report of BobbyKennedys murder in the Ambassador Hotel Cooke was there at the time of theassassination.

In 1946 the focus of Cookes career moved from print to broadcast journalismwith his celebrated programme Letter from America. His weekly, personal reflection onUS current affairs was broadcast for more than 5O years and many listeners actuallybelieved he was American by birth. He covered everything from life in post warAmerica to the September 11th attacks on the twin towers. Cookes exceptionalknowledge of US history, coupled with having spent most of his life there, allowed him

to put events into both a personal and historic context.In 1952 he was awarded the Peabody Radio award for Letter from America the equivalent of an Oscar. A few months later he was offered the job of hosting the TVarts series Omnibus on which he interviewed Frank Lloyd Wright, and LeonardBernstein performed regularly. Omnibus appeared on TV from 1952 to 1961. His TVcareer continued with thirteen episodes of Alistair Cooke's America. Cookes personalview of US history and the accompanying book were both a huge success and securedthe financial security that had been lacking for much of his career in journalism.

Cook continued to work on Letter from America into his nineties; the finalepisode was aired just three weeks before his death. Alistair Cooke died at his home inNew York in 2004, aged 95.

Source: http://www.britishcouncil.org/professionals-specialisms-journalism-1.htm

- Match the words and their definitions:

1. Broadcast

2. Broadcast journalism

3. To interview

4. Print journalism

5. To cover

6. Report

7. Current affairs

8. Episode

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( ) a description of an event

( ) newspapers and magazines

( ) news programmes on the radio or television

( ) important social or political events of the moment

( ) to transmit a programme on television or on the radio

( ) to write or talk about a particular subject

( ) to ask someone questions on TV or radio

( ) one programme of a series of radio or TV

- Write in Portuguese a summary containing the main information on the

above text:

Media and Advertising

1. Choose the most suitable word for each space:

After more than five years of television, it might

seem only obvious to conclude that it is here to (1)__________________. There have been manyobjections to it during this time, of course, and(2) _______________ a variety of grounds. Did itcause eye-strain? Was the (3) __________________ bombarding us withradioactivity? Did the advertisements (4) __________________ subliminalmessages, persuading us to buy more or vote Republican? Did childrenturn to violence through watching it, either because so (5)________________ programs taught them how to shoot, rob, and kill, or

because they had to do something to counteract the hours they had (6)________________ glued to the tiny screen? Or did it simply create a vastpassive (7) ___________________ drugged by glamorous serials andinane situation (8) ________________? On the other hand did it increaseanxiety by sensationalizing the news (or the news which was(9)_________________ by suitable pictures) and filling our living roomswith war, famine and political unrest? (10) ______________ in all, televisionproved to be the all-purpose scapegoat for the second half of the century,(11) ________________ for everything, but it, were bored by it, or felt that ittook us away from the old paradise or family conversation and hobbies (13)_________________ as collecting stamps, we never turned it off. We (14)

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_________________ staring at the screen, aware that our won tiny (15)___________________ was in it if we looked carefully.

1) A) long B) stay C) exist D) be2) A) with B) over C) by D) on

3) A) screen B) danger C) machine D) reason

4) A) contain B) of C) take D) having

5) A) that B) far C) many D) what

6) A) almost B) spent C) quite D) madly

7) A) program B) personality C) audience D) tense

8) A) comedies B) programs C) perhaps D) consequently

9) A) taken B) presented C) capable D) accompanied

10) A) Taken B) All C) Somewhat D) Thus

11) A) broadcasting B) looking C) blamed D) ready

12) A) one B) matter C) difference D) reason

13) A) known B) even C) described D) such

14) A) refused B) received C) turned D) kept

15) A) fault B) reflection C) situation D) consciousness

2. Choose the most suitable word underlined:

a) Before the attack, planes dropped brochures/leaflets warning peopleto take cover.

b) We do not have the book in stock. It is off the shelf/out of print.

c) Words is not the official journal/magazine of the LinguisticAssociation.

d) The Sunday News has the highest circulation/output of a news paperin Britain.

e) They are bringing out Sues book in a new edition/publication soon.

f) Are books subject to banning/censorship in your country?

g) Ted is in charge of the stationary/stationery cupboard in the office.

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h) This page looks very crowded and I dont like the outline/layout.

i) Mass circulation newspapers usually specialize in rumor/sensationalstories.

j) Dont include all the details. Just write a summary/version of whathappened.

3. Match each word given with one of the descriptions:

an abbreviation a draft a manual a royalty a sponsor

a circular an editorial a preface a rumor a viewer

a. An article stating the policy of a newspaper. _________________

b. Unofficial news which may have no basis in fact.___________________

c. The introduction to a book written by the author.___________________

d. A company which pays for a broadcast return for advertising.___________________

e. The payment made to an author for the number of bookssold._________________

f. A book containing instructions for doing or using something.___________________

g. The first version of a piece of writing. _____________________

h. A shorter way of writing a common phrase. _________________

i. A leaflet delivered free to a large number of people.___________________

j. A person who watches television. ______________________

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