apostolos tsirigotis km3net design study: detector architecture, event filtering and reconstruction...
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Apostolos Apostolos TsirigotisTsirigotis
KM3NeT Design Study: Detector Architecture, KM3NeT Design Study: Detector Architecture, Event Filtering and Reconstruction Event Filtering and Reconstruction
AlgorithmsAlgorithms
XXV Workshop on recent developments in High Energy Physics & Cosmology, 28-31/3/2007,NTUA, Greece
The project is co-funded by the European Social Fund & National Resources EPEAEK-II (PYTHAGORAS)
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The Underwater Neutrino Telescope software chain
•Generation of atmospheric muons and neutrino events
•Detailed detector simulation (GEANT4)
•Optical noise and PMT response simulation
•Prefit & Filtering Algorithms
•Muon reconstruction
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Event Generation – Flux Parameterization
•Neutrino Interaction Events
•Atmospheric Muon Generation (2 Parameterization Models)
μ
•Atmospheric Neutrinos 1 Conventional (no prompt) Model
ν
ν
•Cosmic Neutrinos 5 diffuse flux modelsIt is going to be updated
Earth
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Event Generation
Shadowing of neutrinos by Earth Survival probability
Nadir Angle P
rob
abil
ity
of
a ν μ
to
cro
ss E
arth
Neutrino Interaction Probability in the active volume of the detector
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Detector Simulation
• Any detector geometry can be described in a very effective way
Use of Geomery Description Markup Language (GDML, version 2.5.0) software package
•All the relevant physics processes are included in the simulation
•All the interactions and transportations of the secondary particles are simulated (Multiple track simulation)
•For the simulation of the neutrino interaction events PYTHIA is used
•Fast simulation techniques and EM shower parameterization
•Optical Noise and PMT response simulation
•Visualization of detector components, particle tracks and hits
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Filtering, Prefit and Reconstruction Algorithms
Local (storey) CoincidenceApplicable only when there are more than one PMT looking towards the same hemisphere
Global clustering (causality) filter50% Background rejection while all signal hits survive (1km3 Grid & 1 TeV muon)
Local clustering (causality) filter75% Background rejection while 90% of signal hits survive (1km3 Grid & 1 TeV muon)
Prefit and Filtering based on clustering of candidate track segments
•Χ2 fit without taking into account the charge (number of photons)•Kalman Filter (novel application in this area)
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MultiPMT Optical Module (NIKHEF Design)
Outside view Inside View
20 x 3” PMTs (Photonis XP53X2) in each 17” Optical Module
Single PMT Rate (dark current + K40) ~ 4kHz
120 Hz Double coincidence rate per OM (20 ns window)
3.5 Noise Hits per 6μsec window (4800 MultiPMT OMs in a KM3 Grid)
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Optical Module ReadoutOptical Module Readout
•Use a time-over-threshold (TOT) system (multiple thresholds)•Estimation of charge from the time-over-thresholds
+
multiplicity
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Time (ns)
Trigger
Input
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125 meters
IceCube Geometry: 4800 OMs looking down in a hexagonal grid.80 Strings, 60 OMs each. 17m between OMs
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Prefit and Filtering Efficiency (1 TeV Muons, uniform flux, IceCube Geometry)
Events with number of hits (noise+signal) >4
Number of Active OMs
Events passing the clustering criteria
Noise
Signal
Noise
Signal
Number of Active OMs
Signal
Noise
Number of Active OMs
Events passing the clustering criteria after background filtering
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Prefit Resolution
Space angle difference (degrees) Zenith angle difference (degrees)
σ = 0.47 degrees
(1 TeV Muons, uniform flux, IceCube Geometry)
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Fit Resolution (1 TeV Muons, uniform flux, IceCube Geometry)
Space angle difference (degrees) Zenith angle difference (degrees)
σ = 0.1 degrees
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Fit Resolution (1 TeV Muons, uniform flux, IceCube Geometry)
pool (θsim – θrec)/σrec
σ = 1.05
Azimuth angle difference (degrees)
σ = 0.14 degrees
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Comparison of three different Geometries
IceCube Geometry (4800 down looking MultiPMT OMs)
IceCube Geometry with 2 MultiPMT OMs per Storey, one looking down the other up
Nestor Geometry with 37 Towers in a hexagonal formation. Each tower has 21 floors, with 50 meters between floors. 2 MultiPMT OMs per Storey, one looking down the other up
x(m)
y(m)
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IceCube Geometry (Down looking OMs)
IceCube Geometry (Up-Down looking OMs)
Nestor Geometry (Up Down looking OMs)
Muon Energy (GeV)
Atmospheric (CC) neutrino events (1-10TeV)Comparison of three different Geometries
σ=0.11 degrees
σ=0.11 degrees
σ=0.12 degrees
Zenith angle difference (degrees)
Zenith angle difference (degrees)
Zenith angle difference (degrees)
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Atmospheric (CC) neutrino events (1-10TeV)Comparison of three different Geometries
Space angle difference (degrees) Muon Energy (GeV)
Rec
on
stru
ctio
n E
ffic
ien
cyIceCube Geometry (Down looking OMs)
IceCube Geometry (Up-Down looking OMs)
Nestor Geometry (Up Down looking OMs)