appendix a usfws species lists - center for environmental

APPENDIX A

USFWS SPECIES LISTS

Updated 3/1/2006 ADAMS COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

Pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) – Columbia Basin distinct population segment

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

CANDIDATE

Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cuniculari)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)Pallid Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallenscens)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)

Vascular Plants

Polemonium pectinatum (Washington polemonium)

Updated 3/1/06 ASOTIN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

Gray wolf (Canis lupus)

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) Silene spaldingii (Spalding’s silene), plantSpiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated

Critical habitat for the Columbia River distinct population segment of the bull trout

CANDIDATE

Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Fisher (Martes pennanti) Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Preble’s shrew (Sorex preblei)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Rocky Mountain-tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Calochortus nitidus (Broad-fruit mariposa) Lupinus cusickii (Prairie lupine)

Updated 3/1/06 BENTON COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated


CANDIDATE

Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)Eriogonum codium (Umtanum desert buckwheat), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbia clubtail (Gomphus lynnae), dragonfly Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Margined sculpin (Cottus marginatus) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) Townsend’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Astragalus columbianus (Columbia milk-vetch) Cryptantha leucophaea (Gray cryptantha) Haplopappus liatriformis (Palouse goldenweed)Lomatium tuberosum (Hoover's desert-parsley)Mimulus jungermannioides (Liverwort monkey-flower) Rorippa columbiae (Persistent sepal yellowcress)

Updated 11/15/06 CHEELAN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

Gray wolf (Canis lupus)Hackelia venusta (Showy stickseed), plant Sidalcea oregana var. calva (Wenatchee Mountains checker-mallow), plant

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated

Critical habitat for the northern spotted owl Critical habitat for Sidalcea oregana var. calva Critical habitat for Canada lynx

CANDIDATE

Fisher (Martes pennanti) - West Coast distinct population segment Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Black swift (Cypseloides niger)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Kincaid meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)

Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status) Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Sharptail snake (Contia tenius)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus griseus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants

Astragalus sinuatus (Whited’s milk-vetch) Botrychium paradoxum (Two-spiked moonwort) Cypripedium fasciculatum (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Delphinium viridescens (Wenatchee larkspur) Petrophyton cinerascens (Chelan rockmat) Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark pine) Silene seelyi (Seely’s silene) Trifolium thompsonii (Thompson’s clover)

Updated 3/1/06 COLUMBIA COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated


CANDIDATE

Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Margined sculpin (Cottus marginatus)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Preble’s shrew (Sorex preblei)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Rocky Mountain-tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Allium dictuon (Blue Mountain onion) Calochortus nitidus (Broad-fruited mariposa) Cypripedium fasciculatum (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Lupinus cusickii (Prairie lupine)

Updated 3/1/2006 DOUGLAS COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened


CANDIDATE

Greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) – Columbia Basin distinct population segment Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)

Updated 3/1/2006 FERRY COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

CANDIDATE

Botrychium lineare (Slender moonwort), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) Fisher (Martes pennanti)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)Pacific fisher (Martes pennanti pacifica)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants

Botrychium ascendens (Triangular-lobed moonwort) Botrychium crenulatum (Crenulate moonwort) Botrychium paradoxum (Two-spiked moonwort) Botrychium pedunculosum (Stalked moonwort) Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark pine)

Updated 3/1/06 FRANKLIN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

None

Threatened


CANDIDATE

Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni) Lesquerella tuplashensis (White Bluffs bladderpod), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbia clubtail (Gomphus lynnae), dragonflyFerruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Cryptantha leucophaea (Gray cryptantha)

Updated 3/1/06 GARFIELD COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened


Designated


CANDIDATE

Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Fisher (Martes pennanti)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Preble's shrew (Sorex preblei) Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Rocky Mountain-tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Allium dictuon (Blue Mountain onion) Calochortus nitidus (Broad-fruit mariposa) Cypripedium fasciculatum (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Lupinus cusickii (Prairie lupine) Rubus nigerrimus (Northwest raspberry)

Updated 3/1/06 GRANT COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

CANDIDATE

Greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) – Columbia Basin distinct population segment Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni) Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. wormskioldii (Northern wormwood), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Kincaid meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus) Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)

Vascular Plants

Cryptantha leucophaea (Gray cryptantha) Lomatium tuberosum (Hoover’s desert-parsley) Oxytropis campestris var. wanapum (Wanapum crazyweed)

Updated 09/19/06 KITTITAS COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) Ute ladies’-tresses, (Spiranthes diluvialis), plant

Designated

Critical habitat for the northern spotted owl Critical habitat for the Columbia River distinct population segment of the bull trout

CANDIDATE

Fisher (Martes pennanti) - West Coast distinct population segment Greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) – Columbia Basin distinct population segment Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)Basalt daisy, (Erigeron basalticus), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Black swift (Cypseloides niger)Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status) Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)

Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Sharptail snake (Contia tenius)Townsend’s ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus griseus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants

Astragalus columbianus (Columbia milk-vetch) Cypripedium fasciculatum (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Delphinium viridescens (Wenatchee larkspur)Lomatium tuberosum (Hoover’s desert-parsley) Phacelia minutissima (Least phacelia) Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark pine) Silene seelyi (Seely’s silene) Tauschia hooveri (Hoover’s tauschia)

Mosses

Orthotrichum praemorsum

Updated 09/19/06 KLICKITAT COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)Ute ladies’-tresses, (Spiranthes diluvialis), plant

Designated


CANDIDATE

Fisher (Martes pennanti) - West Coast distinct population segmentMardon Skipper (Polites mardon), butterfly Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)Northern wormwood, (Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis var. wormskioldii), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pacific Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii townsendii)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status) Redband trout (Onchrhynchus mykiss)

River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Sharptail snake (Contia tenius)Townsend’s ground squirrel (Spermophilis townsendii)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus griseus) Western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants

Astragalus pulsiferae var. suksdorfii (Ames’ milk-vetch) Calochortus longebarbatus var. longebarbatus (Long-bearded sego lily) Cypripedium fasciculatum (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Lomatium suksdorfii (Suksdorf’s desert-parsley)Meconella oregana (White meconella) Mimulus jungermannioides (Liverwort monkey-flower) Penstemon barrettiae (Barrett’s beardtongue) Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark pine) Ranunculus reconditus (Obscure buttercup) Rorippa columbiae (Persistent sepal yellowcress)Sisyrinchium sarmentosum (Pale blue-eyed grass)

Lichen

Texosporium sancti-jacobi (Woven spore lichen)

Updated 3/1/2006 LINCOLN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Silene spaldingii (Spalding’s silene), plantSpiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

CANDIDATE

Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants

Lupinus cusickii (Prairie lupine) Polemonium pectinatum (Washington polemonium)

Updated 11/15/06 OKANOGAN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated

Critical habitat for the northern spotted owl

CANDIDATE

Fisher (Martes pennanti) - West Coast distinct population segment (west of the Okanogan River) Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Black swift (Cypseloides niger)Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), musselColumbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)Fisher (Martes pennanti), east of the Okanogan River Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status) Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)

Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus griseus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants


Updated 3/1/06 PEND OREILLE COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

Gray wolf (Canis lupus)Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)

Designated


SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Fisher (Martes pennanti) Kincaid meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lamperta tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants


Updated 3/1/2006 SPOKANE COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Howellia aquatilis (Water howellia), plant Silene spaldingii (Spalding’s silene), plant Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status) Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)

Vascular Plants

Haplopappus liatriformis (Palouse goldenweed)

Updated 3/1/06 STEVENS COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

None

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated


SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus)Fisher (Martes pennanti) Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Kincaid meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Vascular Plants


Updated 3/1/06 WALLA WALLA COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

None

Threatened


Designated


CANDIDATE

Washington ground squirrel (Spermophilus washingtoni)Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Margined sculpin (Cottus marginatus)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Redband trout (Onchrhynchus mykiss)River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi)Rocky Mountain-tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus)Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)

Vascular Plants

Astragalus kentrophyta var. douglasii (Thistle milk-vetch) Cryptantha leucophaea (Gray cryptantha) Mimulus jungermannioides (Liverwort monkey-flower)

Updated 3/1/06 WHITMAN COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered

None

Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Silene spaldingii (Spalding’s silene), plant Spiranthes diluvialis (Ute ladies’-tresses), plant

Designated


SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)California floater (Anodonta californiensis), mussel Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Giant Columbia spire snail (Fluminicola columbiana) Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)

Vascular Plants

Aster jessicae (Jessica’s aster) Calochortus longebarbatus var. longebarbatus (Long-bearded sego lily) Calochortus nitidus (Broad-fruit mariposa) Cypripedium fasciculatus (Clustered lady’s-slipper) Haplopappus liatriformis (Palouse goldenweed) Polemonium pectinatum (Washington polemonium) Rubus nigerrimus (Northwest raspberry)

Updated 09/19/06 YAKIMA COUNTY

LISTED

Endangered


Threatened

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) – Columbia River distinct population segment Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)Marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina)Ute ladies’-tresses, (Spiranthes diluvialis), plant

Designated


CANDIDATE

Fisher (Martes pennanti) - West Coast distinct population segment Greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) – Columbia Basin distinct population segment Mardon skipper (Polites mardon), butterfly Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)Basalt daisy, (Erigeron basalticus), plant

SPECIES OF CONCERN

Animals

Black swift (Cypseloides niger)Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia)Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli)Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)Long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis)Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)Pallid Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens)Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Delisted, monitor status)

APPENDIX B

INDIRECT EFFECTS GUIDANCE

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Biological Assessment Preparation 1

WSDOT GUIDANCE—ESA, TRANSPORTATION, AND DEVELOPMENT: ASSESSING INDIRECT EFFECTS

Under the Endangered Species Act, federal agencies must consult with NOAA Fisheries and USFWS to determine the effects of federal project actions on threatened and endangered species. WSDOT is designated to consult on behalf of FHWA for informal consultations.

The consultation process includes an analysis of direct and indirect effects of the action, as well as the effects of any interrelated or interdependent activities, on listed species. During the Section 7 consultation, questions may arise regarding the relationship of a transportation project to development in adjacent or nearby areas and whether such development is considered an indirect effect as defined under the ESA. This document provides general guidance for reviewing and analyzing only the indirect effect relationship between transportation and land use development during the consultation process. Other types of transportation project effects that require analysis are not addressed here. Note that WSDOT and FHWA are not required by Section 7 to mitigate the indirect effects of an action.

Background Within the state of Washington, development is managed through the Growth Management Act (GMA). The law requires that infrastructure investments (not just transportation investments, but water supply, sewage treatment, parks, and schools) must be adequate to serve a development at the time the development is available for occupancy without decreasing current service levels below locally established minimum standards.

“Concurrent with the development" shall mean that improvements or strategies are in place at the time of development, or that a financial commitment is in place to complete the improvements or strategies within 6 years (RCW 36.70A.070 Comprehensive Plans – Mandatory Elements).

An important component of the Growth Management Act is the designation of urban growth areas to accommodate urban growth 20 years into the future, to restrict the advance of urban sprawl into rural areas, and to protect resource lands. The designation of urban growth areas may increase the intensity of commercial and residential land uses and the density of development, thereby creating the opportunity for alternative travel options (e.g., rail, bus, carpool/vanpool, and bicycle/pedestrian modes), as well as reducing the need for and cost of extending infrastructure beyond the urban growth boundary.

Another important component of the Growth Management Act is the protection of critical areas, which include wetlands, frequently flooded areas, aquifer recharge zones, geologically hazardous areas, and fish and wildlife conservation areas. The law requires that local jurisdictions designate and protect these critical areas by ordinance.

The Growth Management Act was amended in 1995 to require that counties and cities “include the best available science in developing policies and development regulations to protect the

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functions and values of critical areas. . . . In addition, counties and cities shall give special consideration to conservation or protection measures necessary to preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries.” This amendment provides the direction for jurisdictions with weak critical area protections to do more. The need for including good science has become a requirement as fish recovery is implemented under the Endangered Species Act. Also, counties and cities were required to review and, if necessary, revise their plans and regulations by September 1, 2002, to be consistent with the statute and its amendments. However, consistency with critical area regulations developed under the Growth Management Act does not necessarily ensure that a project will not result in indirect effects on listed species or critical habitat.

Guidance for Preparing Biological Assessments This guidance has resulted from discussions among the USFWS, NOAA Fisheries, FHWA, Office of Community Development, and WSDOT, with input from local agencies and stakeholder groups, in 1999 and 2000. It was updated in 2003 as a result of coordination with NOAA Fisheries, USFWS, FHWA, and WSDOT. The guidance provides general recommendations for the consideration of indirect effects in biological assessments prepared for ESA Section 7 consultations on transportation projects. The intent is to provide a framework to facilitate the appropriate treatment of indirect effects in a biological assessment. This guidance is expected to be an evolving document; as understanding of biological aspects of indirect effects increases, more definitive recommendations may result.

This document describes a step-by-step approach to assess indirect effects by posing a series of questions about the proposed project. These are shown graphically with a decision-making flowchart, reproduced here in Figure 1, and explained in the text that follows. Table 1 gives examples of project types, potential land use changes, and the level of assessment usually required in a BA.

This guidance pertains only to indirect effects. It is assumed that any project undergoing Section 7 consultation is also evaluated for direct effects, using ESA regulations and other guidance.

General guidance on indirect effects and ESA consultation are also found in ESA Section 7 Consultation Handbook, March 1998, pages 4-27 to 4-29. This guidance is not intended for NEPA cumulative effects analysis; while there is some overlap with ESA consultation, there are important distinctions between the two regulatory processes.

Definitions

The Action Analysis for ESA consultation must address the proposed action, including any interrelated and interdependent actions. Interrelated actions are those that are part of the larger action and dependent on the larger action for their justification. Interdependent actions are those that have no independent utility apart from the action under consideration.

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The Effect According to ESA rules and regulations, direct effects occur at or very close to the time of the action itself. Examples include construction noise disturbance, loss of habitat, or sedimentation that results from construction activity. Indirect effects are those that are caused by the action and are later in time (after the action is completed) but still reasonably certain to occur. Examples include changes to ecological systems, such as predator/prey relationships, long-term habitat changes, or anticipated changes in human activities, including changes in land use. The geographic extent of these effects is the action area, defined as all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the immediate area involved in the action.

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Figure 1. Indirect effect determinations based on transportation and land development.

No

No

*NO EFFECT

1. DOES THE PROJECT CREATE A NEW FACILITY OR INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM?

2. IS THERE NEW DEVELOPMENT CONTINGENT ON THE ROAD PROJECT (CAN’T OCCUR WITHOUT IT)?

4. DEFINE THE ACTION (INCLUDING INTERDEPENDENT INTERRELATED ACTIONS)

6. IDENTIFY THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT ON THE SPECIES AND HABITAT

7. IDENTIFY ANY RULES THAT ARE IN PLACE TO HELP MINIMIZE POTENTIAL EFFECTS

*NOT LIKELY TOADVERSELY AFFECT

9. DOES THE DEVELOPMENT HAVE POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE SPECIES?

8. DESCRIBE HOW THE DEVELOPMENT WOULD AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

10. IS THE DEVELOPMENT LIKELY TO ADVERSELY AFFECT THE SPECIES OR CRITICAL HABITAT?

*LIKELY TOADVERSELY AFFECT

No

YesNo

Yes

No

No

*This process is for the assessment of indirect effects only and presumes that the project is analyzed for direct effects before a final effect determination is made.

3. IS ANY DEVELOPMENT AN EFFECT OF THE ACTION?

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

5. ARE PROPOSED, LISTED SPECIES OR DESIGNATED CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE ACTION AREA?

Yes

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Table 1. Project screening for indirect effects and effect calls in light of indirect effects.

Project Category Project Description Potential Land Use

Changes Analysis Need for BA

Effect Call (Considering Indirect

Effects Only)

Design standards upgrade

Improve roadway design to engineering standards for lane width, curb, gutter and sidewalk, and other geometrics.

Very limited potential to cause land use change

Assessment in BA that details why project will not result in indirect effects.

Mostly NE

Operations and safety improvements

Make improvements to enhance traffic operations and safety including signalization, traffic control, channelization, median treatments, turn pockets/lanes, and other benefits to traffic flow.

Usually insignificant potential to cause land use change

Assessment in BA that details why project has insignificant potential to result in indirect effects.

Mostly NE

Pavers (preservation)

Repave road surface without providing an increase in capacity.

No potential to cause land use change


Mostly NE

Bridge replacement Replacing bridges without providing an increase in capacity.

Very limited potential to cause land use change


Mostly NE

Increased lane capacity, improvements to existing interchanges

Add physical through-lane capacity to an existing roadway.

Potential to cause land use change

Detailed analysis of indirect effects

NLTAA or LTAA, depending on specific impacts

Roadway extension, new roadway, new interchange

Construct extension of roadway, or new roadway on new alignment.

Potential to cause land use change

Detailed analysis of indirect effects

NLTAA or LTAA, depending on specific impacts

NE = no effect; NLTAA = not likely to adversely affect; LTAA = likely to adversely affect.

Indirect effects of transportation projects include changes in land use, such as the development of undeveloped areas when those changes are induced by the action or can reasonably be expected to result from the action.

Indirect Effect Evaluation Process 1. Does the project create a new facility (e.g., new road or new interchange) or increase the capacity of the existing system?

This step identifies the types of transportation improvements that have the potential to influence land use.

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New capacity is defined as an increased ability for the transportation system to handle traffic volumes. New roadways or significant changes in capacity or land access have the potential for indirect effects on listed species and their habitat, because these changes potentially cause changes in land development by altering access to land. Other examples are the addition of lanes to a roadway, or the creation of new land access (such as new intersections or interchanges) from an existing road. New interchanges on limited-access roads may lead to changes in land development, but upgrading an existing intersection with a new interchange generally has very limited or no effect on land use. These are generalities, and it is important to consider the specific facts of the project being evaluated. Other examples are given in Table 1.

Many transportation projects are intended to improve traffic flow, relieve congestion, or increase safety. Safety projects often include construction of auxiliary lanes (e.g., for turning, acceleration, or deceleration) on existing roadways, but these new lanes do not increase capacity. Because these projects generally improve operation of the transportation system but do not change the development potential of land, they are not likely to cause land use changes (this applies to many high-occupancy vehicle [HOV] projects that are primarily modal changes). For these types of projects, the indirect effects analysis may be brief. Otherwise, if a transportation project is anticipated to result in a land use change through significant change in land access or capacity improvement, then potential indirect effects on listed species and habitat should be identified and evaluated.

It can be unclear whether a project actually increases capacity or simply redistributes the same traffic in different ways. Land use and transportation planning and engineering expertise may help with this distinction and with the evaluation of likely impacts. Such expertise may also provide information about development patterns in the area and the impacts of comparable projects. When this issue is not reasonably clear, project proponents should confer with the Services in advance to agree on an approach before the completion of a BA.

BA Task: Determine whether proposed project creates a new facility or increases the capacity of the existing system.

Example: WSDOT proposes to construct a new lane in either direction along SR 395 between I-90 and the Tri-Cities to relieve traffic congestion and improve safety. The project will also flatten horizontal curves and establish a divided highway, which will allow a speed limit increase from 55 mph to 65 mph. Between the speed limit increase and the additional lanes, the project will more than double the capacity along this highway segment. The project will not create a new facility, but it will increase the capacity of the existing system.

2. Is new development in the vicinity contingent on the transportation project (i.e., would not occur without the project)?

In some cases, a development is tied by a permit condition (or a building moratorium associated with Growth Management Act concurrency) to certain transportation improvements. In these cases, if the development could not proceed without the transportation improvement and is reasonably certain to result from it, the effects of the development must be considered as part of

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the indirect effects of the transportation action. These indirect effects must be addressed in the consultation for the project. However, from the perspective of concurrency with the Growth Management Act rather than ESA consultation, the new development is viewed as the driver. This makes the roadwork necessary as mitigation for the increased traffic caused by that new development. Although the development may be the actual cause of adverse effects on species, development in most cases does not involve a federal nexus and thus may not trigger Section 7 consultation on its own.

BA Task: Check with appropriate local agency public works or planning office to determine whether development projects in the area meet these criteria. Relevant documents include the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, and the capital facilities plan. This is useful as documentation to support the analysis.

Example: A road-widening project proposes to add two new lanes along Skinny Boulevard, an existing arterial. The project occurs within King County’s transportation service area (TSA) 3 as identified in the county’s comprehensive plan. The transportation service strategy within TSA 3 is “construct arterials to meet existing and future capacity needs.” The county identifies the proposed project as one of several projects considered necessary to meet these future capacity needs. The project is also located in a transportation concurrency zone identified as over threshold where a development moratorium is in place until transportation infrastructure improvements are in place to adequately handle additional traffic. Upon review of the pending transportation concurrency applications, the approval of three development projects is dependent upon the completion of the proposed Skinny Boulevard road-widening project. Following this review, new development is clearly dependent on the completion of the proposed project.

3. Is any development in the vicinity caused by or dependent on the project? This step identifies any activities that are likely to result from the proposed project, such as residential and commercial development or other land use changes.

This task is complicated by the present high rate of population growth and land development in many parts of Washington. In many cases, transportation projects are being constructed in the context of a developing landscape. Land development is driven by a variety of social and economic factors, in addition to the provision of access. It is difficult to isolate which of these factors are causal in a particular development. Road projects are often built in response to problems resulting from population growth, but only infrequently do they actually trigger the development itself. In most cases, land development generally is not caused by a transportation project, although transportation projects can in some cases influence the rate or type of development.

One approach to identify any land use change caused by a project is to look at existing zoning in areas potentially influenced by the project and consider the build and no-build scenarios for the

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road project. The distance from the project will vary with the individual situation. When development in a given area is planned under a no-build scenario, due to existing zoning or land use plans, it is not caused by the road project and is not considered an indirect effect of the road project. When a development is likely to occur only under the build scenario, then the road project may cause land use changes that are not likely to occur otherwise. In that case, the resulting development and land use change is an indirect effect of the project. Table 1 gives some examples for typical projects. While zoning does not constitute a certainty that development will occur without the project, it is reasonable to assume that land use will follow existing plans and zoning, unless there is evidence to the contrary.

In attempting to identify development that could be caused by a transportation project, the focus should be on actions that are reasonably certain to occur in the foreseeable future. Actions that are planned, designed, and developed according to NEPA guidance meet these criteria, but speculative projects probably do not.

BA Task: Seek expertise from planning, traffic engineering, or other areas to conduct this evaluation.

�� Review the highway system plan and/or project definition file for the project to identify deficiencies the proposed transportation facility is intended to address.

�� Review the comprehensive plan and zoning for the jurisdiction within which the project is located, to determine the relationship between the facility and land use designations, as well as consistency with the capital facilities plan and the transportation element of the comprehensive plan. Pending ordinances that will affect land uses, protected areas, etc., should be considered when specific actions are reasonably certain to occur in the foreseeable future (e.g., final adoption of an ordinance).

�� Determine whether the facility is identified as needed infrastructure for planned growth in accordance with concurrency requirements of the plan and the Growth Management Act.

�� If the facility is consistent with pertinent land use and transportation plans, then the analysis of effects may demonstrate that the facility is intended to serve planned growth.

The biological assessment should identify whether any areas or specific developments exist in which land use is expected to change as a result of the project. This determination can be made by checking with comprehensive plans and local zoning.

Example: A new interchange and road extension proposed along SR 1 will be constructed between two existing highway interchanges (Figure 2). All of the

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roads and adjoining lands that will be accessible from the new interchange are currently accessed from the two existing interchanges. However, the new interchange and road extension will likely result in improved freeway access to much of the area located between the existing interchanges. The project definition indicates that the existing SR 1 access points are insufficient in accommodating the anticipated future highway access needs in the service area.

The city’s comprehensive plan identifies the area in the vicinity of the proposed new road and interchange as occurring within the city’s urban growth boundary. The city’s comprehensive plan identifies this area as a key area for growth because of its proximity to SR 1 and existing commercial centers. The comprehensive plan also identifies the need for improved transportation facilities as the primary limiting factor for growth in this area. As a result, the city has imposed traffic concurrency requirements for future development in this designated growth area.

These proposed improvements are consistent with the city’s land use and transportation plans. The above information indicates that the proposed project is intended to serve planned growth.

The construction of the new interchange is proposed to improve access to and from SR 1. Although the proposed project will not provide access to currently inaccessible lands, the undeveloped parcels located along the proposed road extension may have greater development appeal as a result of the improved mobility in the vicinity that results from this project. In this case, development of these parcels may occur as a result of this project, or more likely, their development may occur sooner than it would occur without the completion of this project. Moreover, given the traffic concurrency requirements imposed for this area, future development cannot occur without the proposed transportation improvements.

4. Define the action area. Indirect effects occur later in time than the original action and may occur outside the area directly affected by the action. The entire area evaluated in the BA for potential project effects on listed species is called the action area. When defining the action area it is important to include the areas that are both directly and indirectly affected by the proposed action. The extent of the action area is based on the physical, chemical, and biotic extent of the project effects.

In more complex cases, determining an action area for a transportation project may involve analysis of surface water, traffic patterns, and local land development. The project biologist may need to consult specialists in traffic engineering, transportation land use planning, and other areas in preparing the BA. The purpose is to determine whether a project may ultimately affect a listed species by affecting land use. Defining the action area can be complex for development-related indirect effects. An overly wide definition of the action area leads to more complexity for cumulative effects analysis and a potential to overestimate effects. This can create unnecessary complications, particularly for formal consultation. An undersized action area may fail to adequately characterize the extent of potential impacts. For the BA, the objective is to identify the geographic extent of the effect of land use changes that are caused by the action and

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December 9, 2005 11

that may ultimately affect listed species or their habitat. In some cases, the action area may not be a single contiguous area but rather a patchy distribution.

BA Task: Choose an appropriate method of defining the action area. Several methods are suggested below for help in determining the action area. These may be tailored with respect to project specifics and the available information. Alternative methods may be used; however, an explanation of the method used may be necessary. Such alternatives should be discussed with the Services before significant work is undertaken.

Step 1: Characterize the potential zone of influence for change in traffic caused by the project.

a. The zone of influence for traffic could be estimated by using projected traffic volumes and focusing on any projected changes in traffic patterns due to the proposed action (i.e., the area accessed though a new interchange).

b. In some cases, the zone of influence for traffic could be generally defined as a corridor along the road, including the project, and continuing to the closest intersection with a major transportation route such as a state highway.

c. Existing planning units delineated in some jurisdictions as part of land use planning and traffic mitigation analysis could be used to define the action area, or in conjunction with subwatershed boundaries to define the action area.

d. Detailed analyses of traffic patterns such as origin-destination studies or other studies may be performed as part of planning for certain actions. These may be used where available from project planning materials.

Step 2: Factor in the watershed To define the action area, overlay the traffic zone-of-influence boundary with the subwatershed (i.e., watershed administrative unit) that coincides. For aquatic species, the BA analysis should cover the geographic area defined by the overlap, plus any downstream portions of the subwatershed.

Example: Under the SR 1 interchange scenario, the zone of influence includes all roads that will be affected by the new interchange. This area includes all locations where access to SR 1 is most direct or quickest using the new interchange, compared to the existing interchanges and the roads from which traffic would be diverted as a result of the proposed action (see Figure 2). The action area includes this zone of traffic influence as well as any surrounding area

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that could be affected by actions that occur as a result of the proposed action. This includes a 0.5-mile buffer from lands where development is reasonably certain to occur as a result of the proposed action, to account for possible construction disturbance, as well as the farthest downstream distance where these future actions could affect water quality or hydrology (see Figure 2).

5. Are proposed or listed species or designated critical habitat present within the action area?

In most cases, the immediate project area probably includes designated critical habitat for salmonid evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), distinct population segments (DPSs), or other ranges of listed species. In some cases, a project might involve listed species only because of its indirect effects.

BA Task: Make certain that all listed species and critical habitat within the action area are included in the analysis. Once the action area is determined, recheck the listing information to ensure that the species list is still adequate for the analysis. The species list should encompass the entire action area, not just the project area. Obtain additional species information if needed. The use of countywide species lists to start with is one way to avoid having to revisit a species list request.

Example: If the action area as determined through the consideration of indirect effects is larger than the action area defined when only considering direct effects, this expanded action area could extend into the range or habitat associated with a listed species that would otherwise not occur within the smaller action area associated only with the direct effects.

Using the SR 1 interchange/road extension example portrayed in Figure 10-2, the bald eagle nest is located over 0.5 miles from the proposed project and likely would be outside of the action area if indirect effects were not considered. However, when considering the potential indirect effects, the bald eagle nest is located within 1,000 feet of future development that would likely be induced by the project (see Figure 10-2). In this example, the bald eagle would probably be included on the species list from USFWS. However, as mentioned above, it is possible that the action area identified when considering indirect effects could extend into the range of species not included on the original species list that was generated based on the proposed project location.

6. If development is contingent or dependent on the project, what potential impacts to the species and habitat will result from the development?

The project biologist should evaluate the development in the action area that is contingent on or likely to occur because of the proposed project. This may include an evaluation of the local jurisdiction’s comprehensive plan, likely project-dependent changes in the existing level of development, and likely project-dependent growth boundary changes. This information may be available through the local transportation planning agency.

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The key question is whether there will be adverse effects on the species or its habitat. In addition to direct effects on listed species, consider potential impacts on aquatic habitats, adjacent riparian zones, downstream water quality, and properly functioning habitat conditions.

BA Task: Expand the analysis of effects to include effects of the development. The analysis of the effects of the development should cover the same elements as the analysis of the original project, although it may be necessary to make estimates if future land use actions are involved.

Example: Using the SR 1 interchange/road extension example portrayed in Figure 2, the indirect effects could result in three key forms of impact: 1) loss of habitat from future development dependent or caused by the proposed action, 2) increased disturbance from future construction and population growth that occurs as a result of the proposed action, and 3) water quality impacts from increased impervious surface and pollutant sources.

In addition to direct impacts on habitat, impacts on habitat resulting from future development that could occur due to the proposed action could result in the loss of as much as 160 acres of mixed deciduous-coniferous forest and 100 acres of unforested land consisting of an abandoned gravel pit and fallow pasture.

The active bald eagle nest identified in Figure 2 is located within 0.25 miles of a parcel of land where development could occur as a result of the proposed interchange construction. Suitable bald eagle perching and feeding habitat also occurs on and adjacent to this and other parcels located adjacent to the proposed interchange. Development of these parcels could result in the loss of bald eagle habitat within this active territory. Construction associated with the development of these parcels, as well as future land use activities, could result in increased disturbance to eagles in this nest territory and could lead to nest failure. Increased traffic at the proposed new interchange and road extension could also result in additional noise and visual disturbance to bald eagles.

Based on the existing zoning of the parcels where development could occur as a result of the proposed action, as much as 80 acres of new impervious surface could be generated if each of these parcels is developed to their full density potential. This increase in impervious surface area could have an adverse effect on water quality and hydrology in the action area, in turn affecting listed salmonids that rear in the action area.

7. What rules or measures are in place to help minimize these potential effects? The BA author should note any protection for listed species and habitat provided by existing local critical area ordinances in the action area. This may include protection for riparian or wetland buffers, stormwater regulations, and implementation and enforcement of existing critical area ordinances.

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BA Task: Identify required conditions or measures that may prevent or minimize adverse effects. The BA should address the following questions: What are the protective measures available to minimize project impacts? Are there factors that would help reduce or minimize the potential effect of development caused by the project? These might include plans or commitments by agencies or project proponents outside the critical area ordinances. Other protective regulations such as conditions of the hydraulic project approval (HPA) should be included where applicable. The results of this assessment should be incorporated into the discussion of the effects of the proposed action on the environmental baseline.

Example: The local jurisdiction currently requires all development to provide treatment of stormwater consistent with the Department of Ecology stormwater manual. The local jurisdiction also has established a critical areas ordinance that regulates development in the vicinity of wetlands and streams. Depending on the class of stream or wetland, buffers ranging from 25 to 100 feet apply to these features. Any permissible unavoidable impacts on critical areas must be mitigated through the implementation of approved enhancement, creation, or restoration measures. All future land use actions are also subject to Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act, the Washington state hydraulic code, and state and federal bald eagle protection rules. Given these existing regulations, development that results from the proposed action will not significantly alter water quality, hydrology, streams, or wetlands, and is not likely to result in significant impacts on bald eagles.

8. If development is contingent or dependent on the project, how will this development affect the environmental baseline conditions?

The potential effects of the action should be compared to the environmental baseline conditions using the NMFS (1996) matrix of pathways and indicators guidance document and any appropriate guidance from USFWS. Measures in place to protect the species or habitat should be considered in this assessment.

BA Task: As part of the effect determination, describe the existing environmental baseline condition and describe how the direct and indirect effects of the action would likely affect it. Would indirect effects of the project degrade, maintain or improve the existing conditions?

9. If development is contingent or dependent on the project, will this development have potential effects on the species?

If the project has any effects on listed species or designated critical habitat, even small or temporary effects, then a biological assessment must be prepared and ESA Section 7 consultation is required.

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BA Task: Combine this analysis with the evaluation of direct effects. If no indirect effect resulting from any development is likely to result from the action, and there are no other direct or indirect effects, then the project as a whole will have no effect. Combine this analysis with the evaluation of direct effects and proceed with the appropriate no effect documentation for the project. Adequate information must be provided to explain and support the conclusions of the analysis.

If the project does have potential effects, then proceed with the biological assessment to determine if the effects are significant or discountable.

Example: Because future development is dependent upon completion of the proposed SR 1 interchange/road extension project, the most notable indirect effects of the project include possible development in the vicinity of the interchange and along SR 1 that would not likely occur without the project. Other impacts include a potential accelerated rate of development of lands along the road extension, which will occur eventually, regardless of the proposed action. It is assumed that complete build-out within the action area will result sooner with the proposed project than without these roadway improvements, although this rate of acceleration cannot be quantified, given the difficult task of isolating this factor from the numerous other influences on development.

Because development in the vicinity could affect bald eagle habitat and could result in disturbance to nesting bald eagles, the proposed action could indirectly result in increased impacts on bald eagles. However, the required compliance with existing state and federal laws pertaining to bald eagles will minimize these impacts. Because treatment of stormwater and development in and near critical areas is regulated by the local jurisdiction, indirect impacts on listed fish species and bald eagle are likely to be insignificant and discountable.

10. If development is contingent or dependent on the project, is this development likely to adversely affect the species or critical habitat?

In this step, a determination is made as to the significance of any potential effects on listed species or designated critical habitat. This differentiation will lead to either formal or informal consultation, based on whether the effect is considered insignificant or discountable (informal consultation) or adverse (formal consultation).

Insignificant effects are generally very small in scale, do not reach the level of take as defined by the ESA, and cannot be meaningfully measured, detected, or evaluated. Discountable effects are those that are extremely unlikely to occur.

An adverse effect is one that cannot be considered insignificant or discountable. If an action significantly degrades the baseline conditions, the Services may consider it an adverse effect. Actions that result in a take of individuals or that modify critical habitat are considered to adversely affect the species under consideration. The extent of any adverse effect is considered in the consultation.

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BA Task: If the answer to question 10 (in Figure 1) is no, then the determination is not likely to adversely affect (NLTAA) for the indirect effects part of the BA. If the direct effects of the project are also NLTAA, then proceed with informal consultation.

If the answer to question 10 is yes, then the determination is likely to adversely affect (LTAA); the project requires formal consultation. This analysis must be combined with an analysis of the project’s direct effects to complete the biological assessment.

If the consultation results in a no jeopardy opinion, the Services issue an incidental take statement for take that cannot be avoided. The Services do not have to authorize take for indirect effects over which FHWA has no jurisdiction. The incidental take statement includes reasonable and prudent measures (RPMs) to minimize take, together with terms and conditions. If the consultation results in a jeopardy opinion, reasonable and prudent alternatives may be provided to avoid jeopardy to the species or adverse modification of critical habitat. Also, the Services may make voluntary conservation recommendations to help further reduce potential effects.

As part of formal consultation, the effects of the action must be evaluated in the context of cumulative effects. These are defined in the ESA as the effects of future state, tribal, local, or private activities that are reasonably certain to occur in the foreseeable future within the action area. The larger the extent of the project action area, the more extensive this aspect of the consultation becomes. Once identified, the cumulative effects are evaluated with the direct and indirect effects of the action, to provide the context for the Services’ jeopardy/adverse modification determination. Project impacts in areas where baseline conditions are severely degraded are more significant than those where the baseline is functioning well.

Example: Indirect impacts of growth induced by the proposed SR 1 interchange and road extension project may affect but are not likely to adversely affect bald eagles.

A may affect determination is based on:

�� The possibility of disturbance and habitat impacts resulting from induced development at the proposed interchange located within 0.25 miles of a bald eagle nest

�� The potential for water quality impacts that could affect bald eagle food resources.

A not likely to adversely affect determination is based on:

�� The applicability of state and federal laws regulating development activities in the vicinity of bald eagle nests located in the action area

Indirect Effects

b /document1

December 9, 2005 17

�� The applicability of the local agency’s critical area ordinance and stormwater treatment requirements minimizing impacts on bald eagle habitat and food resources.

Note that these preliminary effect determinations represent the indirect effects only and must be combined with analysis of the direct effects to reach an overall effect determination for each listed species and critical habitat.

Indirect effects analyses can be very detailed. One of the documents referenced by USFWS as containing a particularly thorough analysis of effects was 15 pages long for the indirect effects analysis alone. This analysis addressed four interrelated projects located adjacent to each other along a single roadway. Because the projects were interrelated, USFWS requested that the indirect effects be collectively assessed for the four projects. This well-written analysis included the following:

�� A discussion of the phasing for each of the staged projects

�� A detailed description and map of the zone of influence or action area

�� The indirect effects analysis itself

�� A preliminary effect determination based on the indirect effects analysis for each species in the project action area.

The BA also provided supporting documentation, including the following:

�� References for information sources

�� Maps of local zoning and areas of approved development within the project action area

�� Historical land development by grid section

�� Past and present photographs along the proposed alignment

�� Several maps illustrating lots with projects under review within the defined zone of influence.

APPENDIX C

EXEMPTED RIVERS LIST

Flow Control Exempt Surface Waters From WSDOT Highway Runoff Manual (2006)

Water Body Upstream Point/Reach for Exemption (if applicable)

Skagit River Downstream of Canadian border Skokomish River Downstream of confluence of North and South Forks Skokomish River, South Fork Downstream of confluence with Vance Creek Skokomish River, North Fork Downstream of confluence with McTaggert Creek Skookumchuck River 1 mile upstream of Bucoda at State Route 507, milepost 11.0 Skykomish River Downstream of South Fork Skykomish River, South Fork Downstream of confluence of Tye and Foss Rivers Snake River Entire reach along Idaho boarder to the Columbia River Snake River Reservoirs Snohomish River Downstream of confluence of Snoqualmie and Skykomish Rivers Snoqualmie River Downstream of confluence of the Middle Fork Snoqualmie River, Middle Fork Downstream of confluence with Rainy Creek Sol Duc River Downstream of confluence of North and South Fork Soleduck River Spokane River Downstream of Idaho border Spokane River Reservoirs Stillaguamish River Downstream of confluence of North and South Forks Stillaguamish River, North Fork 7.7 highway miles west of Darrington on State Route 530,

downstream of confluence with French Creek Stillaguamish River, South Fork Downstream of confluence of Cranberry Creek and South Fork Suiattle River Downstream of confluence with Milk Creek Sultan River 0.4 miles upstream of State Route 2 Swift Creek Reservoir Teanaway River Downstream of confluence of North and West Forks Thunder Creek Downstream of confluence with Neve Creek Tieton River Downstream of Rimrock Lake Tilton River Downstream of confluence with North Fork Tilton River Toppenish Creek Downstream of confluence with Wanity Slough Touchet River Downstream of confluence with Patit Creek Toutle River North and South Fork confluence Toutle River, North Fork Downstream of confluence with Hoffstadt Creek Toutle River, South Fork Downstream of confluence with Thirteen Creek Tucannon River Downstream of confluence with Pataha Creek Walla Walla River Downstream of confluence with Mill Creek Wenatchee River Downstream of confluence with Icicle Creek White River Downstream of confluence with Huckleberry Creek White Salmon River 0.15 miles upstream of confluence with Trout Lake Creek Willapa River Downstream of confluence with Mill Creek Wind River Downstream of confluence with Cold Creek Wynochee Lake Wynoochee River Downstream of confluence with Schafer Creek Yakima River Downstream of Lake Easton

APPENDIX D CONSERVATION MEASURES

CONSERVATION MEASURES � CM-1 A TESC Plan and Stormwater Site Plan will be developed and implemented for

all projects requiring clearing, vegetation removal, grading, ditching, filling, embankment compaction or excavation. The BMPs in the plans will be used to control sediments from all vegetation or ground disturbing activities.

� CM-2 A SPCC plan that meets the standard specifications in Appendix H, will be developed for the project to ensure that all pollutants and products will be controlled and contained.

� CM-3 No contractor staging areas will be allowed within 300-feet of any jurisdictional wetland, stream, river or drainage as identified by the project biologist unless site specific review completed by the project biologist indicates that no impacts to the sensitive resource areas will occur due to topography or other factors.

� CM-4 BMPs will be used on all projects that occur within 200-feet of surface water or wetland habitat as identified by the project biologist, to ensure that no foreign material, such as pavement slurry, is sidecast, and to control and prevent sediments from entering aquatic systems.

� CM-5 Construction impacts will be confined to the minimum area necessary to complete the project.

� CM-6 Boundaries of clearing limits associated with site access and construction will be flagged to prevent ground disturbance outside of the limits.

� CM-7 Vegetation will only be grubbed from areas undergoing permanent alteration. No grubbing will occur in areas slated for temporary impacts.

� CM-8 Disturbed areas shall be restored to pre-work conditions. Complete restoration for projects involving vegetation removal may be delayed until native plantings can mature to pre-work conditions. Native plant species shall be used that are endemic to the project vicinity or region of the State where the activity is occurring.

� CM-9 Individual management plans shall be developed for all individual bald eagle nest trees and winter roosts located on WSDOT ROW land within 800 feet of the project area.

� CM-10 Seasonal restrictions applied to work conducted below the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) will be as required by a HPA issued by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington (Chapter 173-201A WAC) and approved by USFWS.

� CM-11 Removal of riparian vegetation will be minimized to the greatest extent possible. Native riparian vegetation will be replanted where feasible. Vegetation restoration will be coordinated with WDFW and/or USFWS.

� CM-12 Projects involving bridge replacements within the range of the grizzly bear will design the new structure to accommodate wildlife crossings when practicable.

� CM-13 For projects that occur within 1.0 mile of suitable marbled murrelet nesting habitat, all trash, food waste, and other items attractive to crows, jays and other Corvidae shall be removed from the project area on a daily basis.

� CM-14 Construction of new facilities such as rest areas or maintenance facilities within 5 miles of suitable marbled murrelet nesting habitat will develop a trash

handling plan to insure that food wastes and other items attractive to crows, jays and other Corvidae will not accumulate at the project site.

� CM-15 Trees that are removed in suitable marbled murrelet and/or spotted owl habitat are to be dropped into the road right of way or areas that will be cleared. Where LWD is lacking in adjacent forests, they will be placed in the forest where practicable and agreeable to the adjacent property owner, following coordination with and approval by USFWS.

� CM-16 For all projects adding 150 square feet or more of new impervious surface, water quality and quantity treatment will be completed.

� CM-17 Report emergency actions to the Spokane Washington office of the USFWS within 1 workday where listed species are potentially present. Limit scope of actions in response to emergency to only those actions that are necessary to address immediate emergency.

� CM-18 When feasible on stream bank protection and slide repair projects, evaluate and implement fish habitat improvement measures by incorporating available LWD and boulders in the bank protection or repair design.

� CM-19 Fisheries habitat restoration projects located in watersheds that contain listed or proposed species under USFWS jurisdiction will be evaluated in coordination with the USFWS for feasibility/suitability as appropriate restoration activities. Fish passage improvement projects that are consistent with WDFW Salmon Steelhead Habitat Enhancement and Restoration Program are exempt from this requirement.

� CM-20 Temporary material storage piles will not be placed within the 100-year floodplain during the rainy season (October through May) unless the following conditions are met: (1) storage does not occur when flooding is eminent; and (2) if storage piles consist of erosive material they are to be covered with plastic tarps (or similar) and surrounded with straw bales. Material used within 12 hours of deposition will not be considered a temporary material storage pile.

� CM-21 All in-water work must comply with appropriate work windows as agreed upon by USFWS and WDFW.

� CM-22 During bridge removal projects, as much of the existing structure as possible shall be removed before finally dismantling the structure to limit the amount of material and debris from entering receiving waters. This shall include all roadbed material, decking, concrete curbs, etc.

� CM-23 Concentrated accumulations of bird feces, road grit, sand, and loose paint chips shall be removed as much as practicable from bridges before dismantling.

� CM-24 All bridge removal projects shall comply with water quality standards identified in the WSDOT – Washington State Department of Ecology Water Quality Implementing Agreement or approved Temporary Water Quality Modification Permit to maintain turbidity levels with approved standards and prevent degradation of water quality standards.

� CM-25 All fish will be removed from the work area prior to any in-water work activities. Salmonid removal methods could include dewatering of salmonid habitat, netting of individuals, electrofishing, dispersal of salmonids through snorkeling or use of seine nets, and/or establishing a net enclosure around the work area.

� CM-26 Prior to entering the water, all equipment shall be checked for leaks and cleaned free of any external petroleum products, hydraulic fluid, coolants, and other deleterious materials. Wash water shall not be discharged to any waterbody without pre-treatment to State water quality standards.

� CM-27 All equipment entering waters containing bull trout will use vegetable oil or other biodegradable, acceptable hydraulic fluid substitute.

� CM-28 During subsurface sampling, when working off the highway, bridge deck, barge, or road surface, within 100 feet of waters containing listed fish species, a silt fence will be installed between the drilling site and waterbody to contain sediments.

� CM-29 During subsurface sampling within 100 feet of waters containing listed fish species, where practical, all materials removed from the test hole shall be removed from the site.

� CM-30 Oil absorbent pads shall be placed under the drill rig during subsurface sampling when within 100 feet of waters containing listed fish species, to catch and control spills.

� CM-31 For subsurface sampling within 100 feet of waters containing listed fish species, the team lead shall have a minimum of 4 hours erosion control, spill control and containment training.

� CM-32 For subsurface sampling within 100 feet of waters containing listed fish species, all existing large woody debris will be left on site.

� CM-33 Installation of riprap and other materials will occur from the banks or outside the wetted perimeter as much as possible.

� CM-34 Projects will follow the “Integrated Streambank Protection Guidelines” as much as practicable.

� CM-35 All concrete shall be poured in the dry, or within confined waters not being dewatered to surface waters, and shall be allowed to cure a minimum of seven (7) days before contact with surface water.

� CM-36 Debris accumulations on the bridge, road surface, and within the bridge drains shall be collected or swept up and properly disposed of prior to fresh water flushing. Flushing will involve the use of clean water only, to prevent detergents or other cleaning agents from entering waters of the State.

� CM-37 Structural cleaning: Pressure washing of structures shall be done using appropriate screened tarping to control and contain paint particles generated by the activity. Concentrated accumulations of bird feces and nests shall not be allowed to drop into the water. This material shall be scraped from the bridge structure and collected and disposed of at an appropriate upland location.

� CM-38 Pressure washing of concrete structures shall be held to the minimum necessary to maintain structure integrity. (Pressure washing of concrete structures can result in an increased pH discharge with a potential to violate State water quality criteria.)

� CM-39 Abrasive Blasting Containment: During abrasive blasting of a steel bridge prior to painting, a containment system appropriate for the type and location of the bridge shall be in place and maintained to prevent spent blast media from reaching State waters. Spent blast media shall be collected, sampled, designated for its hazardous material content and disposed of as appropriate for its waste designation.

� CM-40 Painters shall work from pails containing a maximum of two (2) gallons of paint to minimize the impact of accidental spillage, except for sealed containers that are part of a spray system.

� CM-41 Cleaning of paint materials and maintenance equipment shall not be done in waters of the State or shall resultant cleaning runoff be allowed to enter State waters.

� CM-42 Drip pans or other protective devices shall be required for all paint mixing and solvent transfer operations.

� CM-43 Drip tarps shall be suspended below paint platforms to prevent spilled paint, buckets, brushes, etc. from entering State waters.

� CM-44 When practicable, all fueling and maintenance of equipment (except for large cranes) will occur more than 150 feet from the nearest wetland, ditches, flowing or standing water. Fueling large cranes, pile drivers and drill rigs over 300 feet away may not be practicable.

� CM-45 Culvert cleaning and repair will occur during the dry or when listed or proposed fish are not likely to be present.

� CM-46 Culvert cleaning will occur from the top of the bank as much as possible. � CM-47 Work will not inhibit passage of any adult or juvenile salmonid species

throughout the construction periods or after project completion. � CM-48 All dredged or excavated materials will be removed to an upland location

where it cannot enter the waterbody.� CM-49 New stream crossing structures shall not reduce the existing stream width. � CM-50 Fill material shall be placed, not randomly dumped. � CM-51 Temporary fills must be entirely removed and the site restored to pre-existing

conditions.� CM-52 The establishment and use of temporary access roads will meet the following

conditions:� Activities will comply with HPA requirements. � Existing roadways or travel paths will be used whenever reasonable. � Where stream crossings are essential, the crossing design will accommodate

reasonably foreseeable risks (such as flooding and associated bedload and debris) to prevent diversion of stream flow out of the channel and down the road in the event of a crossing failure.

� Vehicles and machinery must cross-riparian areas and streams perpendicular to the main channel wherever reasonable.

� The number of stream crossings will be minimized.

� CM-53 All materials, such as riprap, placed within the water will be pre-washed to remove sediment and or other contaminants.

� CM-54 Water pumped from work isolation area will be filtered to remove suspended sediments prior to returning to the creek. Discharge will occur in such a manner as not to cause erosion.

� CM-55 No treated wood debris will be allowed to fall in the water. If any debris does fall in, it will be removed immediately.

� CM-56 All treated wood will be disposed of at an approved disposal facility for treated wood.

� CM-57 No contractor staging areas will be allowed within 200 feet of northern wormwood habitat as identified by the project biologist.

� CM-58 BMPs will be used on all projects located within 200 feet of native upland prairies as identified by the project biologist, to ensure that no foreign material, such as pavement slurry, is sidecast, and that sediment discharge is minimized.

� CM-59 No contractor staging areas will be allowed within 200-feet of native upland prairies as identified by the project biologist, unless site specific review completed by the project biologist indicates that no impacts to the sensitive resource areas will occur due to topography or other factors.

APPENDIX E

PBA DETERMINATION FORM

APPENDIX F

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAMPLING ACTIVITIES

3/31/2007 1

Hazardous Materials Sampling Activities Soil/Groundwater/Aquatic Sediments

Throughout each calendar year, the WSDOT Hazardous Materials Program samples soil/groundwater/aquatic sediments for various types of construction projects located throughout the state. Samples are obtained on construction projects if 1) WSDOT needs to prove due diligence for property acquisition and/or disposal purposes, and/or 2) historical and current land use practices indicate that contamination may exist on site. Although sampling for soil and/or groundwater occurs throughout the state, the majority of sampling activities take place in the more urbanized areas. The number and location of samples for each project are dependent upon individual site conditions. Sampling activities are typically completed within one to two days regardless of the type of construction project.

Geoprobe (Soil/Groundwater) Subsurface sampling and testing associated with hazardous materials are often necessary. Following is the procedure for conducting soil and groundwater sampling through soil borings:

� Subsurface sampling conducted through soil borings is typically accomplished by using a drill rig mounted on either a truck or a barge.

� Subsurface sampling is accomplished by drilling test holes up to an estimated maximum depth of 9.1 meters (30 feet) beneath ground surface (bgs). A 1.2-meter (4-foot) clean stainless steel probe using hydraulic pressure is pushed into the soil at an initial 0.9-meter (3-foot) interval followed by subsequent 1.2-meter (4-foot) intervals. Grab samples are then taken directly from the split-spoon sampler. Groundwater samples are collected through use of a peristaltic pump and dedicated sampling tube.

The split spoon sampler is piece of pipe that is split into two lengthwise. The bit end of the split spoon sampler is advanced through the soil by the use of specialized hammer that is mounted onto a truck. As the split spoon sampler is drove into the soil with the aid of a downhole hammer, a “core” of soil is pushed up into the split spoon sampler. When the split spoon sampler is removed from the specialized hammer, the soil sample is within the pipe. On a peristaltic pump, the tubing and its contents are squeezed between rotating rollers that draw the water from the ground surface in order to obtain the sample.

� When drilling bore holes, impacts are minimized as much as possible through the selection of the appropriate sized and mounted drill rig and minimization of vegetation removal. Normally, vegetation is cut and not grubbed, and trees are rarely removed.

3/31/2007 2

� Upon reaching the desired depth and at the completion of all soil sample collection activities, the borehole is backfilled using water and bentonite chips.

� If contaminated, all soil excavated from the borehole will be removed from the site and disposed of as appropriate.

Test Pits (Soil/Groundwater) Following is the procedure for conducting soil and groundwater sampling using test pits:

� Subsurface sampling conducted through test pits is typically accomplished by using a backhoe to dig test pits up to an estimated maximum depth of 3 meters (10 feet) bgs. Samples are then taken from the middle of the backhoe bucket.

� When digging test pits, impacts are minimized as much as possible through the selection of the appropriate sized equipment and minimization of vegetation removal. Normally, vegetation is cut and not grubbed, and trees are rarely removed.

� Upon reaching the desired completion depth and at the completion of all soil sample collection activities, the test pit is backfilled using the soil excavated from the sampling location.

Drill Rig (Aquatic Sediments) Aquatic sediment sampling and testing associated with hazardous materials are often necessary in marine and fresh water. Following is the procedure for conducting aquatic sediment sampling through soil borings:

� Subsurface sediment sampling conducted through soil borings is typically accomplished by using a drill rig mounted on either a truck located on the shoreline or a barge.

� All sediment borings will be advanced using a truck-mounted drilling rig equipped with hollow-stem auger flights or a Vibracorer.

Hollow-stem auger is a drilling method that uses an engine to continuously turn the auger into the sediments. A cap is installed on the hollow-stem auger until the desired sampling depth is reached. At that point, the cap is removed and the hollow-stem auger is drilled down to the necessary sample depth where the sediment sample is retrieved from inside the auger. A second type of drill device that is used for aquatic sediments is the Vibracorer that uses vibration to obtain vertical core samples in unconsolidated materials. The Vibracorer, which is mounted on a boat, is lowered to the ground surface and the vibration cycles the core through the sediments until it reaches the desired sample depth.

� All sediments excavated from the borehole will be removed from the site and disposed of as appropriate.

3/31/2007 3

Ponar, Van Veen, Hart Samplers (Aquatic Sediments)Following is the procedure for conducting aquatic sediment sampling with a Ponar, Hart, or Van Veen Sampler:

� The sampler will be lowered through the water column at a slow speed to prevent a bow effect and sediment disturbance. After contacting the bottom, the sampler will be retrieved at the same controlled rate of speed.

The above-mentioned samplers can all be used to collect sediment samples. The equipment is lowered into the sediments so that a grab sample can be obtained. The equipment acts as a scoop and picks up the sample as the equipment is removed from the sediments. The equipment is powered by the person sampling the sediments, and does not require the use of a generator or other power source. The main differences between the Ponar, Hart, and Van Veen samplers are the amount of strength it takes to properly operate the equipment and the obtainable sample size.

� After securing the sampler, the depth of penetration of the sampler will be measured and recorded on a field sample data form. A minimum penetration depth of 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) bgs for fine-grained sediments, and 5 centimeters (2 inches) bgs for coarse-grained sediments will be required.

� After recording sample depth, overlying water will be removed by siphoning from a corner of the sampler. All siphoned water will be immediately discharged back into the water body. The sediments within the grab sampler will then be collected.

� All sediments excavated will be removed from the site and disposed of as appropriate.

Hand Auger (Aquatic Sediments/Soil) Sampling and testing of aquatic sediments and upland soils associated with hazardous materials are often necessary. Sampling of aquatic sediments in marine waters is typically conducted during low tide. The conditions that are acceptable for the use of hand auger are: 1) the sediments are soft enough to obtain the sample using only arm pressure, and 2) the necessary sampling depth does not exceed 1.5 meters (5 feet) bgs. A hand auger contains a bit that is twisted into the sediment and withdrawn to collect the sample. Following is the procedure for conducting sampling with a hand auger:

� Clear surface vegetation (0 to 2.5 centimeters [0 to 1 inch]) from sample location.� Insert auger into ground/sediment surface (0 to 15 centimeters [0 to 6 inches]) by

rotating handle in a clockwise rotation.� Once desired sample depth is reached, place cap onto top of the auger sleeve and

extract the auger. � All excavated sediments will be removed from the site and disposed of as

appropriate.

3/31/2007 4

Soil Handling and Analysis When soil is removed from the ground surface, a temporary stockpile is created to store the soil until disposal can occur. The stockpiled material is lined and covered with visqueen and weighted on the edges to avoid exposure of the soil to weather elements. A second option is to contain the soil in drums on the project site. Samples are obtained from the stockpiled soil and delivered to an accredited laboratory. Specific analyses are run on the soil depending on the suspected source of contamination. The typical turnaround time for laboratory results is two weeks. When the sample results are returned, the analytical results are compared to the Model Toxics Control Act Method A cleanup limits. If the soil is determined to be contaminated, the soil is removed from the site and taken to the appropriate disposal facility or off-site location. The amount of soil that is stockpiled on a site is specifically dependent upon the site conditions and the sampling protocol.

Note: Projects located on sites having contaminated soils that require removal and disposal are not covered under this PBA.

Special Conditions for Aquatic Areas Any sampling that occurs within the ordinary high water mark will require prior issuance of a Hydraulic Project Approval permit from the Washington State Department of Wildlife. For all sampling activities occurring in, over, or within 30 meters (100 feet) of water containing listed fish species, the following procedures will be followed:

� When working off of the highway, bridge deck, barge, or road surface, a silt fence will be installed between any temporary soil stockpiles on the drilling/digging site and the water body to contain sediments.

� Petroleum – absorbent “diapers” shall be placed under the drill rig to catch and control any drips.

Hazardous Materials Sampling Impacts Hazardous materials sampling typically occurs in areas that have experienced past disturbance such as urban areas. Sampling is often accomplished within the maintained portion of the road right-of-way or nearby developed areas. Sampling is typically confined to a few locations and affects a small area at each sample location. The actual area affected varies depending on the sampling technique used. Hand augers may affect no more than a few square feet of surface area, whereas the excavation of test pits with a backhoe typically affects several hundred square feet. Test pit excavation can potentially affect several thousand square feet of surface area to access sample locations that are not readily accessed from developed areas. However, these situations are uncommon as sampling is typically performed in urban areas where potentially contaminated sites most often occur. The potential impacts associated with hazardous materials sampling typically include:

� Impacts to vegetation including riparian vegetation if activities are conducted near streams;

� Increased sedimentation/turbidity if sampling is conducted in or near aquatic areas;

3/31/2007 5

� Agitation and subsequent dissemination of contaminants, especially if sampling is conducted in or near aquatic areas;

� Localized disturbance of aquatic substrate (limited to aquatic sampling); and � Increased noise and visual disturbance when mechanical sampling techniques are

used.

Vegetation impacts are minimized by utilizing equipment of appropriate size and by removing only the vegetation necessary to provide access and obtain the sample. Vegetation is normally cut and not grubbed, and trees are rarely removed.

Impacts to the aquatic environment and listed salmonids from increased sedimentation, turbidity, and contaminants are described in Section ____. Impacts to the aquatic substrate from sampling are typically insignificant and discountable given the small area affected from sample extraction. The most notable potential substrate impacts include localized degradation of salmonid rearing and spawning habitat.

Sampling techniques that utilize machinery can create noise above ambient levels. Because the samplings are for WSDOT transportation projects, sampling generally occurs along or near highways where ambient noise levels exceed the noise produced by the sampling machinery. Therefore, elevated noise levels are limited to projects that occur away from State highways or in remote areas with light traffic volumes. Visual disturbance is only associated with hazardous material sampling when conducted in rural areas where outdoor human activity is minimal.

APPENDIX G SENSITIVE PLANT LISTS

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

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VIC

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1999

Spec

ies

Nam

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rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status

Washington StatusOregon StatusRegional Forester's Sensitive Species List

Heritage GRANK

Heritage SRANK WA/OR

Columbia R. Gorge NSAColvilleDeschutesFremontGifford PinchotMalheurMt. Baker-SnoqualmieMt. HoodOchocoOkanoganOlympicRogue RiverSiskiyouSiuslawUmatillaUmpquaWallowa-WhitmanWenatcheeWillametteWinema

Abr

onia

um

bella

tass

p. b

revi

flora

Lam

.(S

tand

l.) M

unz

SoC

LEO

G4T

2S

1D

Ach

nath

erum

hen

ders

onii

(Vas

ey) M

uhl.

CO

G3

S2

SD

Ach

nath

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wal

low

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sM

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& K

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SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

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REG

ION

6U

.S. F

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EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


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5S

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r. m

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s.) R

aup

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4S

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er v

ialis

(Bra

ds.)

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OG

2S

2D

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Ast

raga

lus

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WG

2G3

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stra

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s ar

thur

iiM

.E. J

ones

SW

G5

S1S

2D

Ast

raga

lus

aust

ralis

var.

olym

picu

s(L

.) La

m.

Isel

yS

oCT

WG

5T1

S1

D

Ast

raga

lus

cusi

ckii

var.

cusi

ckii

Gra

yS

WG

5T4

S1?

D

Ast

raga

lus

diap

hanu

sva

r. di

urnu

sD

ougl

as(S

.Wat

s.) B

arne

by e

xS

oCLT

OG

4T2

S2

SD

Ast

raga

lus

mic

rocy

stis

Gra

yS

WG

5S

2D

SD

Ast

raga

lus

peck

iiP

iper

S

oCLT

OG

3S

3D

SD

Ast

raga

lus

tege

tario

ides

M.E

. Jon

esS

oCC

OG

3S

3D

DA

stra

galu

s ty

ghen

sis

Pec

kS

oCLT

OG

1S

1D

Ben

soni

ella

ore

gana

(Abr

ams

& B

acig

.) S

oCC

OG

2S

2D

Bol

andr

a or

egan

aS

. Wat

s.

S

WG

3S

2D

DD

Bot

rych

ium

asc

ende

nsW

.H. W

agne

rS

oCS

CW

/OG

3S

2/S

2D

DD

DD

SD

Bot

rych

ium

cam

pest

reW

.H. W

agne

r &

Farr

ar e

x W

.H. &

F.

SW

/OG

3S

1/S

1D

SD

Bot

rych

ium

cre

nula

tum

W.H

. Wag

ner

SoC

SC

W/O

G3

S3/

S2

DD

DD

SS

DD

Bot

rych

ium

fene

stra

tum

W.H

. Wag

ner &

O

G3?

S2?

DD

Bot

rych

ium

hes

periu

m(M

axon

& C

laus

en)

W.H

. Wag

ner &

S

WG

3S

1D

S

Bot

rych

ium

lanc

eola

tum

(Gm

el.)

Ang

stro

mO

G5/

T4S

2D

DS

DS

DS

Bot

rych

ium

line

are

W.H

. Wag

ner

SoC

SW

/OG

1G2

S1/

S1

DS

DB

otry

chiu

m lu

naria

(L.)

Sw

.O

G5

S2

SD

DB

otry

chiu

m m

inga

nens

eV

ict.

OG

4S

2D

DD

SD

DB

otry

chiu

m m

onta

num

W.H

. Wag

ner

OG

3S

2D

DD

DD

Bot

rych

ium

par

adox

umW

.H. W

agne

rS

oCS

CW

/OG

2S

1/S

1D

DD

DD

D

Pag

e 2

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Bot

rych

ium

ped

uncu

losu

mW

.H. W

agne

rS

oCS

CW

/OG

3S

1/S

1D

DS

SD

Bot

rych

ium

pin

natu

mS

t. Jo

hnO

G4?

S2S

3D

DD

DD

DD

Bot

rych

ium

pum

icol

aC

ovill

e ex

Und

erw

ood

SoC

LTO

G3

S3

DD

SS

SD

Cal

amag

rost

is b

rew

eri

Thur

b.O

G4

S2

SD

SD

Cal

ocho

rtus

how

ellii

S. W

ats.

SoC

LTO

G3

S3

DC

aloc

hortu

s lo

ngeb

arba

tus

var.

long

ebar

batu

sS

. Wat

s.S

oCS

W/O

G3T

3S

2S3/

S2

SS

DS

SS

DD

D

Cal

ocho

rtus

long

ebar

batu

sva

r. pe

ckii

S. W

ats.

Ow

nbey

SoC

CO

G3T

2S

2D

D

Cal

ocho

rtus

mac

roca

rpus

var.

mac

ulos

usD

ougl

as(A

. Nel

s. &

J.F

. M

acbr

.) A

. Nel

s. &

S

W/O

G5T

2S

1/S

2D

D

Cal

ocho

rtus

mon

ophy

llus

(Lin

dl.)

Lem

.O

G3G

4S

1S

Cal

ocho

rtus

nitid

usD

ougl

.S

oCT

W/O

G3

S1/

S1

SD

Cal

ocho

rtus

nutu

dus

S. W

ats.

OG

3G4

S2

DC

aloc

hortu

s um

pqua

ensi

sN

.A. F

redr

icks

CLE

OG

1S

1S

DC

amas

sia

how

ellii

S. W

ats.

SoC

CO

G2

S2

DC

amis

soni

a gr

acili

flora

Hoo

k. &

Arn

.O

G4

S2

DS

Cam

isso

nia

pygm

aea

(Dou

gl. e

x Le

hm.)

CO

G3

S1

SS

SC

ampa

nula

lasi

ocar

paC

ham

.S

WG

5S

2D

Car

dam

ine

patte

rson

iiH

ende

rson

SoC

CO

G2

S2

DC

arex

ant

hoxa

nthe

aJ.

& K

. Pre

slS

WG

5S

1D

Car

ex a

trata

var.

atro

squa

ma

(WA

trac

ks a

s C

. at

rosq

uam

a)

L. (Mac

k.) C

ronq

.S

W/O

G5T

4S

1D

D

Car

ex a

trata

var

. ere

cta

(C.

hete

rone

ura

W. B

oott

SW

G5

S2

DD

Car

ex b

acki

iB

oott

OG

4S

1D

SD

DC

arex

cap

illar

isL.

SW

G5

S1

SD

Car

ex c

hord

orrh

iza

Ehr

h. e

x L.

f.S

WG

5S

1D

Car

ex c

ircin

ata

C.A

. Mey

.S

WG

3G4

S1

D

Pag

e 3

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Car

ex c

omos

aB

oott

SW

G5

S2

SS

SS

DC

arex

cra

wfo

rdii

Fern

.O

G5

S1

SD

SC

arex

den

sa(B

aile

y) B

aile

yS

WG

5S

1D

Car

ex d

ioic

ava

r. gy

nocr

ates

(WA

trac

ks a

s C

. dio

ica)

L. (Wom

sk.)

Ost

enf.

SW

/OG

5T5

S1

SD

D

Car

ex fl

ava

L.S

WG

5S

1S2

DS

Car

ex fo

enea

Will

d.S

WG

5S

1D

Car

ex g

igas

(Hol

m) M

acke

nzie

OG

3?S

2D

DC

arex

hys

teric

ina

Muh

l. ex

Will

d.S

W/O

G5

S2/

S2

SS

DS

DD

SC

arex

inte

rior

L. B

aile

yO

G5

S1

DS

DS

Car

ex li

vida

(Wah

lenb

.) W

illd.

OG

5S

2S

DD

SC

arex

mac

roch

aeta

C.A

. Mey

.O

G5

S2

DS

SC

arex

nar

dina

Frie

sO

G4G

5S

2?D

Car

ex n

ervi

naL.

Bai

ley

OG

4S

1D

SC

arex

nor

vegi

caR

etz.

SW

/OG

5S

2/S

1D

DC

arex

nov

aB

aile

yO

G5

S1

DC

arex

obt

usat

aLi

lj.S

WG

5S

2D

Car

ex p

arry

ana

Dew

eyO

G5?

S2

DS

Car

ex p

auci

flora

Ligh

tf.S

WG

5S

2D

DS

Car

ex p

lurif

lora

Hul

ten

SW

/OG

4S

1S2/

S1

SS

SC

arex

pro

posi

taM

acke

nzie

SW

G5

S1

DC

arex

rost

rata

Sto

kes

SW

G5

S1

DS

SC

arex

sax

atili

sva

r. m

ajor

L. Oln

eyS

WG

5TQ

S2

DD

SD

Car

ex s

cirp

oide

a va

r. sc

irpoi

dea

Mic

hx.

SW

G5T

4S

2D

D

Car

ex s

cirp

oide

a va

r. st

enoc

hlae

naH

olm

.O

G5?

S2

D

Car

ex s

erra

tode

nsW

. Boo

ttO

G5

S2

DS

SC

arex

ste

noph

ylla

(C.

eleo

char

is)

C.A

. Mey

.S

W/O

G5/

G5

S1/

S1

SS

DS

SS

Car

ex s

tylo

saC

.A. M

ey.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

SS

Pag

e 4

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Car

ex s

ychn

ocep

hala

Car

eyS

WG

4S

1S2

DD

Car

ex te

nuifo

liaW

ahle

nb.

SW

G5

S1

DC

arex

val

licol

aD

ewey

SW

G5

S1

DC

arex

xer

antic

aB

aile

yS

WG

5S

1S

DC

assi

ope

lyco

podi

oide

s(P

alla

s) D

. Don

SW

G4G

5S

1S

Cas

tille

ja c

hlor

otic

aP

iper

SoC

OG

3S

3D

DD

Cas

tille

ja c

rypt

anth

aP

enne

ll &

G.N

. Jon

esS

oCS

WG

2S

2S

DC

astil

leja

frat

erna

Gre

enm

.S

oCO

G2

S2

DC

astil

leja

rubi

daP

iper

SoC

OG

2S

2D

Cas

tille

ja s

chiz

otric

haG

reen

m.

OG

2G3Q

S2

DS

Cas

tille

ja th

omps

onii

Pen

nell

OG

3G4

S1

DC

haen

actis

thom

pson

iiC

ronq

.S

WG

2G3

S2S

3D

DC

heila

nthe

s in

terte

xta

Max

imG

5S

1S

Chl

orog

alum

ang

ustif

oliu

mK

ello

ggO

G4G

5S

1S

SC

hrys

olep

is c

hrys

ophy

llaD

C.

SW

G5

S2

SD

DC

hrys

ospl

eniu

m te

trand

rum

(L

und)

Th.

Frie

sS

WG

5S

1S2

SD

Cic

uta

bulb

ifera

L.S

W/O

G5

S2/

SH

DS

SS

SD

SC

imic

ifuga

ela

taN

utt.

SoC

TC

W/O

G2

S2/

S2

DD

SD

SD

SS

DD

Cla

rkia

het

eran

dra

(Tor

r.) L

ewis

& R

aven

OG

4S

1?D

SC

layt

onia

lanc

eola

tava

r. pa

cific

aP

ursh

McN

eill

SW

G5T

3S

1S2

D

Clin

toni

a an

drew

sian

aTo

rr.

OG

4S

HS

Col

linsi

a sp

arsi

flora

var.

bruc

eae

y(M

.E. J

ones

) N

ewso

mS

WG

4T4

S1S

2D

Col

lom

ia m

azam

aC

ovill

eS

oCO

G3

S3

SD

DD

Cop

tis a

sple

niifo

liaS

alis

b.S

WG

4S

1S2

DS

SC

optis

trifo

lia(L

.) S

alis

b.O

G5

S1

DS

Cor

dyla

nthu

s m

ariti

mus

ssp.

pal

ustri

sN

utt.

ex B

enth

.(B

ehr)

Chu

ang

&

SoC

LEO

G3T

2S

1D

Cor

ydal

is a

quae

-gel

idae

M.E

. Pec

k &

Wils

onS

oCT

CW

/OG

3S

2/S

2D

DD

DC

rypt

anth

a m

iloba

keri

John

st.

OG

3S

1D

SC

rypt

anth

a ro

stel

lata

(Gre

ene)

Gre

ene

SW

G4

S1

DS

Cry

ptog

ram

ma

stel

leri

(S.G

. Gm

el.)

Pra

ntl

SW

G5

S1S

2D

DD

Pag

e 5

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Cup

ress

us b

aker

iJe

pson

OG

2S

1D

SC

yper

us b

ipar

titus

Torr

.S

WG

5S

2D

SC

yprip

ediu

m fa

scic

ulat

umK

ello

gg e

x S

. Wat

s.S

oCT

CW

/OG

4S

2/S

2D

DS

DS

DD

DD

DD

Cyp

riped

ium

par

viflo

rum

Sal

isb.

EW

/OG

5S

2/S

HD

SD

SD

amas

oniu

m c

alifo

rnic

umS

mal

lS

WG

4S

1D

SD

elph

iniu

m n

udic

aule

Torr

. & A

. Gra

yO

G4

S2

DS

Del

phin

ium

viri

desc

ens

Leib

.S

oCT

WG

2S

2D

Dic

entra

pau

ciflo

raS

. Wat

s.O

G3?

S1

DS

Dod

ecat

heon

aus

trofri

gidu

msp

. nov

. ine

d.S

oCT

W/O

G2

S1/

S2

DS

Dra

ba a

urea

Vah

l ex

Hor

nem

.S

WG

5S

1S2

DD

raba

can

aR

ydb.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

DD

raba

how

ellii

S. W

atso

nC

OG

4S

2D

DD

raba

long

ipes

Rau

pS

WG

4S

1S2

DD

ryas

dru

mm

ondi

iR

icha

rds.

ex

Hoo

k.S

WG

5S

2D

DS

SD

ryop

teris

cris

tata

(L.)

Gra

yS

WG

5S

1D

Ele

ocha

ris a

tropu

rpur

ea(R

etz.

) J. &

K. P

resl

XW

G4G

5S

XS

SE

pilo

bium

ore

ganu

mG

reen

eS

oCC

OG

2S

1D

Epi

lobi

um s

iski

youe

nse

(Mun

z) H

och

& R

aven

CO

G3

S2

DS

arbo

resc

ens+

A20

0(G

ray)

Gre

ene

OG

4S

1D

Erig

eron

cer

vinu

sG

reen

eO

G3?

S2

SD

Erig

eron

dis

parip

ilus

Cro

nq.

OG

5S

2D

DE

riger

on e

ngel

man

nii

var.

davi

sii

A. N

els.

(Cro

nq.)

Cro

nq.

OG

5T2

S1

D

Erig

eron

how

ellii

Gra

yS

oCT

CW

/OG

2S

1/S

2D

SD

Erig

eron

ore

ganu

sG

ray

SoC

TC

W/O

G3

S1/

S3

DS

Erig

eron

per

egrin

usss

p. p

ereg

rinus

var.

thom

pson

ii

(Pur

sh) G

reen

e(B

lake

) Cro

nq.

SW

G5T

2S

2S

Erig

eron

pet

roph

ilus

Gre

ene

OG

4S

2D

DE

riger

on s

alis

hii

G.W

. Dou

glas

&

SW

G2

S2

SD

DE

riogo

num

lobb

iiTo

rr. &

Gra

yO

G4

S2

SD

Pag

e 6

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Erio

gonu

m p

roci

duum

Rev

eal

SoC

CO

G3

S2

DD

Erio

phor

um c

ham

isso

nis

C.A

. Mey

.O

G5

S1

SE

rioph

orum

viri

dica

rinat

um(E

ngel

m.)

Fern

.S

WG

5S

1D

DE

ritric

hium

nan

umva

r. el

onga

tum

(Vill

.) S

chra

d.(R

ydb.

) Cro

nq.

SW

G4G

5T4

S1

DD

Ery

ngiu

m p

etio

latu

mH

ook.

TW

G4

S1

DS

Ery

thro

nium

ele

gans

Ham

mon

d &

S

oCLT

OG

1S

1D

Ery

thro

nium

how

ellii

S. W

ats.

OG

3S

3D

Esc

hsch

olzi

a ca

espi

tosa

Ben

th.

OG

5S

1S

Euo

nym

us o

ccid

enta

lisN

utt.

ex T

orr.

SW

G5

S1

SFe

stuc

a el

mer

iS

crib

n. &

Mer

r.O

G5?

S1

DS

Filip

endu

la o

ccid

enta

lis(S

. Wat

s.) T

.J.

SoC

CO

G2

S2

SFr

aser

a um

pqua

ensi

sP

eck

& A

pple

gate

SoC

CO

G3Q

S3

DD

DD

Friti

llaria

cam

scha

tcen

sis

(L.)

Ker

-Gaw

l.S

W/O

G5

S2/

S1

SD

DS

Friti

llaria

gla

uca

Gre

ene

OG

4S

2D

DD

Friti

llaria

pur

dyi

Eas

tw.

OG

3G4

S1

SG

aliu

m k

amts

chat

icum

Ste

ller

WG

5S

2S3

DD

SG

alliu

m s

erpe

ntic

um v

ar.

war

nere

nse

Dem

pst.

& E

hren

d.O

G4G

5T2

S2

D

Gau

lther

ia h

ispi

dula

(L.)

Muh

l. ex

Big

elow

SW

G5

S1

SG

entia

na d

ougl

asia

naB

ong.

SW

G4

S1S

2D

Gen

tiana

gla

uca

Pal

las

SW

G4G

5S

1S2

DD

Gen

tiana

new

berr

yiva

r. ne

wbe

rryi

A. G

ray

OG

4S

2D

SS

SD

D

Gen

tiana

plu

riset

osa

C.T

. Mas

onS

oCO

G3

S1

DD

Gen

tiana

set

iger

aG

ray

SoC

CO

G2

S2

DG

entia

nella

tene

lla(R

ottb

.) B

oern

erS

WG

4G5

S1

DG

eum

riva

leL.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

DG

eum

ross

iiva

r. de

pres

sum

(R. B

r.) S

er. i

n D

C.

(Gre

ene)

C.L

. Hitc

hc.

SW

G5T

1S

1D

Geu

m tr

iflor

umva

r. ca

mpa

nula

tum

Pur

sh(G

reen

e) C

.L. H

itchc

.O

G4G

5T4

S1

S

Pag

e 7

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Hac

kelia

his

pida

var.

disj

unct

a(G

ray)

Joh

nst.

Car

rS

WG

4T3

S2S

3D

Hac

kelia

tayl

orii

Har

rod,

Mal

mqu

ist &

C

arr

WG

1 S

1D

Hac

kelia

ven

usta

(Pip

er) S

t. Jo

hnS

oCE

WG

1S

1D

Hap

lopa

ppus

liat

rifor

mis

Gre

ene

SoC

TW

G2

S2

SH

astin

gsia

atro

purp

urea

Bec

king

SoC

CO

G1

S1

DH

astin

gsia

bra

cteo

saS

. Wat

s.S

oCLT

OG

2S

2D

Haz

ardi

a w

hitn

eyi

var.

dis

coid

ea(A

. Gra

y)(J

.T. H

owel

l) W

.D.

OG

4G5T

4S

2D

DD

D

Heu

cher

a gr

ossu

larii

folia

var.

tenu

ifolia

Ryd

b.(W

heel

ock)

C.L

. S

WG

4T3

S3

DS

Hor

kelia

hen

ders

onii

T.J.

How

ell

SoC

OG

1G2

S2

DH

orke

lia tr

iden

tata

ssp

. To

rr.

OG

4?S

1D

How

ellia

aqu

atili

sG

ray

LTO

G2

SH

SS

SS

SH

ydro

coty

le v

ertic

illat

aTh

urb.

OG

5S

1D

Hyp

eric

um m

ajus

(Gra

y) B

ritt.

SW

G5

S?

SIli

amna

bak

eri

(Jep

son)

Wig

gins

OG

3S

2D

DIli

amna

latib

ract

eata

Wig

gins

OG

4S

2D

DD

DIli

amna

long

isep

ala

(Tor

r.) W

iggi

nsS

WG

3S

3S

DIs

opyr

um s

tipita

tum

(Gra

y) D

rum

m. &

H

utch

inso

nO

G4?

S2

DS

Ives

ia s

hock

leyi

S. W

ats.

OG

3S

1D

Kal

mio

psis

frag

rans

Mei

nke

OG

1S

1D

Kec

kiel

la le

mm

onii

(A. G

ray)

Sta

wO

G4

S1

DS

Kob

resi

a be

llard

ii (K

. m

yosu

roid

es)

(All.

) Deg

l.O

G5

S1

D

Kob

resi

a si

mpl

iciu

scul

a(W

ahl.)

Mkz

e.O

G5

S1

DLe

ptod

acty

lon

pung

ens

ssp.

haz

elia

e(T

orr.)

Nut

t. ex

Ryd

b.(P

eck)

Mei

nke

SoC

CO

G5T

2S

1D

D

Lew

isia

col

umbi

ana

var.

colu

mbi

ana

(How

.) R

obin

s.O

G4T

4S

2D

SD

D

Pag

e 8

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Lew

isia

cot

yled

onva

r. pu

rdyi

(S.W

ats.

) Rob

ins.

Jeps

.S

oCC

OG

4T3

S3

D

Lew

isia

lean

a(P

orte

r) R

obin

s.O

G4

S2

DD

SLi

lium

kel

logg

iiP

urdy

OG

3G4

S1

DLi

lium

occ

iden

tale

Pur

dyLE

LEO

G1

S1

SLi

mna

nthe

s flo

ccos

ass

p. b

ellin

geria

naH

ow.

(M.E

. Pec

k) A

rroy

oS

oCC

OG

4T2

S2

S

Lim

nant

hes

grac

ilis

var.

grac

ilis

How

.S

oCC

OG

3T2

S2

S

Lim

oniu

m c

alifo

rnic

um(B

oiss

.) H

elle

rO

G4

S1

SLi

nant

hus

bola

nder

i(G

ray)

Gre

ene

SW

G4G

5S

2D

SLi

paris

loes

elii

(L.)

L.C

. Ric

h.E

WG

5S

1S

SLi

ster

a bo

real

isM

oron

gO

G4

S1

DLo

belia

dor

tman

naL.

TW

/OG

4S

2/S

1D

SLo

belia

kal

mii

L.E

WG

5S

1S

Lois

eleu

ria p

rocu

mbe

ns(L

.) D

esv.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

SD

Lom

atiu

m c

ooki

iK

agan

CLE

OG

1S

1S

Lom

atiu

m c

usic

kii

Ros

eX

WG

4S

XS

Lom

atiu

m e

ngel

man

nii

Mat

hias

OG

4S

1S

DLo

mat

ium

ery

thro

carp

umM

eink

e &

Con

stan

ceS

oCLE

OG

1S

1S

DLo

mat

ium

gre

enm

anii

Mat

hias

SoC

LTO

G1

S1

DLo

mat

ium

laev

igat

um(N

utt.)

Cou

lt. &

Ros

eS

W/O

G3

S2

DLo

mat

ium

och

ocen

seH

elliw

ell &

Con

stan

ce

sp. n

ov.

OG

2G3

S1?

D

Lom

atiu

m ra

veni

iM

ath.

& C

onst

.O

G4

S1

DS

Lom

atiu

m s

alm

onifl

orum

(Cou

lt. &

Ros

e)

Mat

hias

& C

onst

ance

OG

3S

HS

S

Lom

atiu

m s

uksd

orfii

(S. W

ats.

) Cou

lt. &

S

oCS

CW

/OG

3S

3/S

2D

SLo

mat

ium

trac

yiM

ath.

& C

onst

.O

G3G

4S

1S

SLo

mat

ium

wat

soni

i(C

oult.

& R

ose)

Cou

lt.

& R

ose

OG

4S

1S

D

Lotu

s st

ipul

aris

(B

enth

.) G

reen

eO

G5

S1

SS

Pag

e 9

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Luin

a se

rpen

tina

Cro

nq.

SoC

LTO

G2

S2

DLu

pinu

s ar

idus

ssp.

ash

land

ensi

sD

ougl

as e

x Li

ndl.

Cox

SoC

CO

G5T

1S

1D

Lupi

nus

sabi

nii

Dou

gl. e

x Li

ndl.

EW

G4

S1

SLu

pinu

s su

lphu

reus

ssp.

kin

caid

iiD

ougl

.(S

mith

) Phi

llips

PT

LTO

G5T

2S

2D

Lupi

nus

tracy

iE

astw

.O

G4

S2

DLu

zula

arc

uata

(Wah

lenb

.) S

w.

SW

G5

S1

DS

Lyco

podi

ella

inun

data

(L.)

Hol

ubS

W/O

G5

S2/

S2

DS

DS

DD

DD

Lyco

podi

um c

ompl

anat

umL.

OG

5S

2S

DS

DLy

copo

dium

den

droi

deum

Mic

hx.

SW

G5

S1S

2

DD

SM

econ

ella

ore

gana

Nut

t.S

oCT

CW

/OG

2S

1/S

1D

SS

SM

icro

seris

bor

ealis

(Bon

g.) S

chul

tz-B

ip.

SW

G3?

S2

DS

Mic

rose

ris d

ougl

asii

ssp.

dou

glas

ii(D

.C.)

Sch

ult-B

ip.

OG

4T4

SH

S

Mic

rose

ris h

owel

liiG

ray

SoC

LTO

G3

S3

D

Mic

rose

ris la

cini

ata

(Hoo

k.) S

ch. B

ip.

SoC

OG

4T2

S2

SM

imul

us b

olan

deri

Gra

yO

G4

S1

DM

imul

us c

livic

ola

Gre

enm

.O

G4

S2

SD

Mim

ulus

eva

nesc

ens

Mei

nke

CO

G3?

S2

SD

SS

Mim

ulus

hym

enop

hyllu

sM

eink

eS

oCC

OG

1S

1D

Mim

ulus

jung

erm

anni

oide

sS

uksd

orf

SoC

XW

G2

SH

DS

Mim

ulus

pul

sife

rae

Gra

yS

WG

4?S

2S

DM

imul

us s

uksd

orfii

Gra

yS

WG

4S

2S

DS

Mim

ulus

tric

olor

Har

tw. e

x Li

ndl.

OG

4S

2D

SD

Mira

bilis

mac

farla

nei

Con

stan

ce &

Rol

lins

LTLE

OG

2S

1D

Mon

arde

lla p

urpu

rea

T.J.

How

ell

OG

3S

3D

Mon

tia d

iffus

a(N

utt.)

Gre

ene

SW

G4

S1S

2D

DS

SD

DM

ontia

how

ellii

S. W

ats.

SoC

CO

G3

S2

SS

SD

Pag

e 10

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Muh

lenb

ergi

a gl

omer

ata

(Will

d.) T

rin.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

Nav

arre

tia ta

getin

aG

reen

eT

WG

5S

1S2

DS

Nem

acla

dus

capi

llaris

Gre

ene

OG

4S

1S

Nic

otia

na a

ttenu

ata

Torr

. ex

S. W

ats.

SW

G4

S2

SD

Oph

iogl

ossu

m p

usill

umR

af.

TW

/OG

5S

1S2/

S1

SS

SD

SD

DD

Oxy

tropi

s bo

real

isva

r. vi

scid

aD

C.

(Nut

t.) W

elsh

SW

G5T

5S

1S2

S

Oxy

tropi

s ca

mpe

stris

var.

grac

ilis

(L.)

DC

.(N

els.

) Bar

neby

SW

G5?

T4?

S2

S

Par

nass

ia fi

mbr

iata

var.

hood

iana

Kon

ig.

C.L

. Hitc

hc.

SW

G4T

4S

1S

Par

nass

ia k

otze

buei

Cha

m. e

x S

pren

g.S

WG

4S

1D

Par

nass

ia p

alus

tris

var.

neog

aea

L. Fern

.S

WG

4T4

S2

D

Ped

icul

aris

how

ellii

Gra

yO

G3

S2

DD

Ped

icul

aris

rain

iere

nsis

Pen

nell

& W

arre

nS

WG

2G3

S2S

3S

DD

Pel

laea

and

rom

edae

folia

(Kau

lf.) F

eeO

G4

S2

SS

SP

ella

ea b

rach

ypte

ra(T

. Moo

re) B

aker

SW

G4G

5S

2S

DP

ella

ea b

rew

eri

D.C

. Eat

.S

WG

5S

2D

DP

ella

ea b

ridge

sii

Hoo

k.O

G4

S2

SD

Pel

laea

muc

rona

ta s

sp

muc

rona

ta(D

.C. E

at.)

D.C

. Eat

.O

G5T

5S

1S

S

Pen

stem

on b

arre

ttiae

Gra

yS

oCT

CW

/OG

2S

2/S

2D

DP

enst

emon

gla

ucin

usP

enne

llS

oCO

G3

S3

DD

Pen

stem

on p

ecki

iP

enne

llS

oCO

G3

S3

DS

Per

ider

idia

ery

thro

rhiz

a(P

iper

) Chu

ang

&

SoC

CO

G1

S1

SD

SD

Pet

roph

yton

cin

eras

cens

(Pip

er) R

ydb.

SoC

TW

G1

S1

DP

hace

lia m

inut

issi

ma

Hen

ders

onS

oCS

CW

/OG

3S

1?/S

1S

DS

DD

Phl

ox h

ende

rson

ii(E

. Nel

s.) C

ronq

.O

G4

S1

DP

hlox

mul

tiflo

raA

. Nel

s.O

G4

S1

SD

Phy

saria

did

ymoc

arpa

var.

didy

moc

arpa

(Hoo

k.) G

ray

SW

G5T

4S

1S

D

Pag

e 11

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Pilu

laria

am

eric

ana

A. B

r.O

G5

S1

SS

S

Pity

opus

cal

iforn

ica

(Eas

tw.)

Cop

elan

d f.

SW

G4G

5S

1S

SP

lagi

obot

hrys

figu

ratu

sss

p. c

oral

licar

pus

(Pip

er) J

ohns

t.(P

iper

) Cha

mb.

OG

5T1

S1

SS

Pla

giob

othr

ys g

lypt

ocar

pus

(Pip

er) J

ohns

t.O

G3G

4S

2?S

SP

lant

ago

mac

roca

rpa

Cha

m. &

Sch

lech

t.S

WG

4S

2S

Pla

tant

hera

cho

risia

na(C

ham

.) R

eich

enb.

TW

G3G

4S

1D

SP

lata

nthe

ra o

btus

ata

Lind

l.S

W/O

G5

S2/

S1

DD

DD

SP

lata

nthe

ra s

pars

iflor

a(S

. Wat

s.) S

chle

chte

rS

WG

4G5

S1

SD

D

Ple

urop

ogon

ore

gonu

sC

hase

SoC

LTO

G1

S1

SS

SP

oa la

xiflo

raB

uckl

.T

WG

3S

1S2

SS

Poa

ner

vosa

var

. ner

vosa

(Hoo

k.) V

asey

SW

G5

S2

SP

olem

oniu

m c

arne

umG

ray

TW

G4

S1S

2D

SS

Pol

emon

ium

vis

cosu

mN

utt.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

Pol

ystic

hum

cal

iforn

icum

(D.C

.Eat

.) D

iels

OG

4S

2D

DP

oten

tilla

bre

wer

iS

. Wat

s.S

WG

5QS

1?S

Pot

entil

la d

iver

sifo

liava

r. pe

rdis

sect

aLe

hm.

(Ryd

b.) C

.L. H

itchc

.S

WG

5T4

S1

S

Pot

entil

la n

ivea

L.S

WG

5S

2D

Pot

entil

la q

uinq

uefo

liaLe

hm.

SW

G4

S1

S

Pot

entil

la v

illos

a

Pal

l. ex

Pur

sh

OG

4T4Q

SH

DP

rimul

a cu

sick

iana

Gra

yO

D

Ran

uncu

lus

cool

eyae

(Vas

ey &

Ros

e)

Gre

ene

SW

G4

S1S

2D

D

Ran

uncu

lus

popu

lago

Gre

ene

SW

G4

S1?

SD

D

Ran

uncu

lus

reco

nditu

s(A

. Nel

s. &

J.F

. M

acbr

.) L.

Ben

s.S

oCT

LEW

/OG

2S

1/S

1D

SS

Rha

mnu

s ili

cifo

liaK

ell.

OG

4S

1D

Pag

e 12

SEN

SITI

VE S

PEC

IES

PLA

NT

LIST

REG

ION

6U

.S. F

OR

EST

SER

VIC

EA

pril

1999

Spec

ies

Nam

eA

utho

rity

U.S.F.W.S. Status


Heritage GRANK



Rib

es c

ereu

mva

r. co

lubr

inum

Dou

gl.

C.L

. Hitc

hc.

SW

G5T

4S

1S2

Rom

anzo

ffia

thom

pson

iiM

artta

la

OG

3S

3S

DD

DR

orip

pa c

olum

biae

Suk

sdor

f ex

T.J.

H

owel

lS

oCT

CW

/OG

3S

2/S

3D

SS

SS

SS

D

Rub

us a

caul

isM

ichx

.S

WG

5S

1D

Rub

us b

arto

nian

usM

.E. P

eck

SoC

CO

G2

S2

DS

alix

can

dida

Flue

gge

ex W

illd.

SW

G5

S1S

2D

Sal

ix d

elno

rtens

isS

chne

id.

OG

3G4

S2

DS

alix

farr

iae

Bal

lO

G4

S2

DS

alix

gla

uca

L.S

WG

4S

1?D

Sal

ix m

acca

llian

aR

owle

eS

WG

4S

1D

Sal

ix p

seud

omon

ticol

aB

all

SW

G5?

S1

DS

alix

twee

dyi

(Beb

b ex

Ros

e) B

all

SW

G3

S2

DS

alix

ves

tita

var.

erec

taP

ursh

And

erss

.S

WG

5T?

SH

D

San

guis

orba

men

zies

iiR

ydb.

SW

G3G

4S

1S2

SS

anic

ula

mar

iland

ica

L.S

WG

5S

2D

DS

axifr

aga

adsc

ende

ns

L

.

OG

5T4T

5S

1D

Sax

ifrag

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APPENDIX H STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SPILL PREVENTION, CONTROL,

AND COUNTERMEASURES PLAN

8-01 WATER POLLUTION AND EROSION CONTROL

Construction Requirements Section 8-01.3 is supplemented with the following:

(DATE)Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan The Contractor shall prepare a project specific spill prevention, control and countermeasures (SPCC) plan to be used for the duration of the project. The plan shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to the commencement of any on site construction activities. The Contractor shall maintain a copy of the plan at the work site, including any necessary updates as the work progresses. If hazardous materials are encountered during construction, the Contractor shall do everything possible to control and contain the material until appropriate measures can be taken. Hazardous material, as referred to within this specification, is defined in RCW 70.105.010 under "Hazardous Substances". Occupational safety and health requirements that pertain to SPCC planning are contained in WAC 296-155 and WAC 296-62.

The SPCC plan shall address the following project-specific information:

1. SPCC Plan Elements A. Site Information

Identify general site information useful in construction planning, recognizing potential sources of spills, and identifying personnel responsible for managing and implementing the plan.

B. Project Site Description Identify staging, storage, maintenance, and refueling areas and their relationship to drainage pathways, waterways, and other sensitive areas. Specifically address:

� the Contractor’s equipment maintenance, refueling, and cleaning activities.

� the Contractor’s on site storage areas for hazardous materials.

C. Spill Prevention and Containment Identify spill prevention and containment methods to be used at each of the locations identified in B., above.

D. Spill Response Outline spill response procedures including assessment of the hazard, securing spill response and personal protective equipment, containing and eliminating the spill source, and mitigation, removal and disposal of the material.

E. Standby, On-Site, Material and Equipment The plan shall identify the equipment and materials the Contractor will maintain on site to carry out the preventive and responsive measures for the items listed.

F. Reporting

The plan shall list all federal, state and local agency telephone numbers the Contractor must notify in the event of a spill.

G. Program Management Identify site security measures, inspection procedures and personnel training procedures as they relate to spill prevention, containment, response, management and cleanup.

H. Preexisting Contamination If preexisting contamination in the project area is described elsewhere in the plans or specifications, the SPCC plan shall indicate measures the Contractor will take to conduct work without allowing release or further spreading of the materials.

2. Attachments A. Site plan showing the locations identified in (1. B. and 1.

C.) noted previously. B. Spill and Incident Report Forms the Contractor will be

using.

Implementation Requirements As described elsewhere in the special provisions, the Contractor shall be prepared and carry out the SPCC plan in the event of a hazardous spill within the project limits.

Payment The lump sum contract price for the “Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan” shall be full pay for:

1. all costs associated with creating the SPCC plan. 2. all costs associated with providing and maintaining on site

standby materials and equipment described in the SPCC plan.

In addition, for costs directly associated with spills:� Consistent with Standard Specifications section 1-07, the

Contractor shall be solely responsible for all costs, delays and damages associated with spills associated with the Contractor's operations or due to the Contractor’s negligence.

� Otherwise, payment for cleanup of a spill shall be as provided for elsewhere in the contract.

APPENDIX I

FISH MOVING PROTOCOLS

Fish Exclusion Protocols and Standards

8/3/06

Draft August_O6_FishHandlig.doc; 8/17/2006

WSDOT Fish Exclusion Protocols and Standards

Prior to dewatering, all fish and other vertebrate aquatic life will be removed from sites that will be dewatered. For projects where in-water work is limited to a specific area and dewatering will not occur, fish will be excluded from the area to the maximum extent feasible within an isolated work area.

The sequence for fish exclusion is as follows:

� Isolation of the work area.

� Removal of as many fish as possible.

� Gradual dewatering of the work area (if the work area is to be dewatered).

� Removal of remaining fish.

� Record fish exclusion activities and notify Services as required.

Isolation of the work area, fish removal and release shall be conducted or directed by a biologist who possesses the competence to ensure the safe handling of all Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed fish, and who is also experienced with work area isolation. This protocol may not apply or may be modified in emergency situations or in certain areas that have unique site-specific characteristics.

Isolation of the Work Area

Installation of block nets will occur at predetermined locations, based on site characteristics, to prevent fish and other aquatic wildlife from moving into the work area. Sites will be selected based on desirable attributes such as slower flows and suitable locations for stake and/or gravel bag placement. Areas with heavy vegetation, undercut banks, deep pools, etc. will be avoided due to the difficulty of sealing nets. The downstream block net will be angled across the stream if possible to prevent impingement of fish on the net. Additionally, a “mini-pool” may be constructed at the downstream block net to provide a lower velocity area for fish to maneuver away from the net. Whenever conditions allow, the upstream block net shall be placed first. The downstream block net shall then be used as a seine to herd fish from the upstream block net location downstream to the point selected for the downstream block net installation. If feasible, this action will potentially move significant numbers of fish downstream, out of the impact area prior to other removal methods.

Block net mesh size, length, type of material, and depth will vary based on site conditions. The directing biologist on site will base the design of block nets on specific site characteristics such as water depth, velocity and channel width. Typical block net material is 9.5 millimeter stretched mesh. Block nets shall remain in place until in-water work is completed. Block nets will require frequent leaf and debris removal. An individual will be assigned the responsibility of frequently checking the nets to maintain their effectiveness and integrity. The frequency of such checks will be determined on a

Fish Exclusion Protocols and Standards Page 3 August 2006


case-by-case basis, dependent upon the system, season and weather conditions. Block nets need to be secured along both banks and in-channel to prevent failure during unforeseen rain events or debris accumulation. Some locations may require additional block net support (examples include galvanized hardware cloth and metal fence posts).

Fish Removal and Dewatering

If the site is dewatered, dewatering and the placement of cofferdams or diversions will be in accordance with any provisions contained in the Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) permit from WDFW.

Pumps used to temporarily bypass water around a work site, or to dewater residual pools within a dewatered site, shall be fitted with mesh screens to prevent aquatic life from entering the intake hose of the pump. The screens will also prevent aquatic life from entering the intake hose if a block net should fail. Screens shall be placed approximately 2-4 feet from the end of the intake hose to assure fish are not pinned upon the screen. Screening techniques must utilize the specifications in the HPA and be in compliance with Washington State Laws RCW 77.55.320, RCW 77.55.040 and RCW 77.55.070.

The site will be dewatered slowly enough to allow the efficient removal of all fish species and avoid strandings. The site will be rewatered slowly enough to prevent the loss of surface water downstream as the streambed absorbs water and to minimize or avoid a sudden increase in stream turbidity. During rewatering, the site will be monitored to prevent stranding of aquatic organisms below the construction site.

Removal Methods:

Methods for exclusion or removal of fish from the area between the block nets are described below. These methods are given in order of preference and for many locations a combination of methods will need to be applied. The use of visual observation techniques (e.g.. snorkeling, surveying with polarized glasses or Plexiglas bottomed buckets) should be considered for evaluation of removal method effectiveness and to identify specific locations of fish concentrations prior to removal attempts.

� Seining shall be the preferred method. The remaining methods shall be used when seining is not possible or to enhance the effectiveness of removal through seining. Seines made from 9.5 mm stretched nylon mesh shall be used to remove fish from the isolated stream reach. Seine design will be dependent upon site-specific characteristics. The on-site biologist will plan seining procedures based on an evaluation of site characteristics. Seines, once pursed, will remain partially in the water while aquatic life is removed. Aquatic life will be captured by personnel in water or on shore using hand held nets.

� Baited minnow traps (typically used in conjunction with seining) may be left in overnight, but will be checked at least three times daily to minimize predation within the trap. Traps will be checked more frequently if temperatures are in excess of 15�C.



� Dip Nets and Hand Removal will be used in conjunction with seining and as a site is slowly dewatered. This usually occurs after other methods.

� Connecting rod snakes will be used to help move fish out of stream crossing structures. The connecting rod snake is made of wood sections approximately three feet in length. When dewatering is to occur a seine may be placed at the downstream end of the crossing structure. As the water level goes down fish inside the culvert, in theory, will evacuate downstream into the seine that is in place at the outlet. The snake may be wiggled slowly through the pipe to encourage evacuation of fish out of the culvert. Other previously listed capture techniques shall be employed if required.

� Electrofishing shall be performed only when other methods have been determined to be unfeasible or ineffective by the directing biologist. Electrofishing studies document injury rates to fish even at low settings. Therefore, use of this method is discouraged when unnecessary. For sites that will not be dewatered, the potential for injury to ESA-listed fish may outweigh the benefit of capture and relocation of all fish present in the work area. Electrofishing research results reveal a trend that as number of vertebrae and spine length increase, injury potential also increases. Therefore, the capture and removal of adult ESA-listed fish by electrofishing will be avoided when possible1.

The following conditions shall apply to use of electrofishing as a means of fish removal:

1. The USFWS will be provided written notification 10 working days prior to the initiation of electrofishing.

2. Electrofishing shall only be conducted when a biologist with at least 100 hours of electrofishing experience is on site to conduct or direct all activities associated with capture attempts. The directing biologist shall be familiar with the principles of electrofishing including the interrelated effects of voltage, pulse width and pulse rate on fish species and associated risk of injury/mortality. The directing biologist shall have knowledge regarding galvanotaxis, narcosis and tetany, their respective relationships to injury/mortality rates, and have the ability to recognize these responses when exhibited by fish.

3. The following chart shall be used as guidelines for electrofishing in water where the potential to encounter ESA-listed juvenile fish exists. Only DC or pulsed DC current will be used. Visual observation of the size classes of fish in the work area is helpful to avoid injury to larger fish by the mistaken assumption that they are not present.

1 Timing windows provided by WDFW will be used to minimize the chance of encountering adult proposed or listed fish. However, complete avoidance may not be possible with resident bull trout.



Guidelines for initial and maximum settings for backpack electrofishing2.

Initial Setting Conductivity(�S/cm)

Maximum Settings

Voltage 100 V < 300 800 V > 300 400 V Pulse Width 500 �s 5 ms Pulse Rate 15 Hz 60 Hz (In general, exceeding

40 Hz will injure more fish)

Each session shall begin with low settings for pulse width and pulse rate. If fish present in the area being electrofished do not exhibit an appropriate response, the settings shall be gradually increased until the appropriate response is achieved (galvanotaxis). Conducting electrofishing activity at the minimal effective settings is imperative because as pulse width and pulse rate increase, fish injury rates increase. Minimum effective voltage settings are dependent upon water conductivity and will need to increase as conductivity decreases. Higher voltages elevate the risk of serious injury to fish removal personnel. The lowest effective setting for pulse width, pulse rate and voltage will be used to minimize personnel safety concerns and help minimize fish injury/mortality rates.

4. Seasonal timing restrictions for conducting electrofishing shall be dependent upon the river system, fish composition and an analysis of the life history of documented species. Spawning adults and redds with incubating eggs will not be subjected to the effects of electrofishing. As a general rule, waters with anadromous salmon should not be electrofished from October 15 to May 15 and resident waters from November 1 to May 15. In waters with potential bull trout presence, the timing may be more restrictive. It shall be the responsibility of the directing biologist to research and assess the time of year (for each river segment) when electrofishing is appropriate.

5. An individual shall be stationed at the downstream block net continuously during electrofishing sessions to recover stunned fish in the event they are washed downstream and pinned against the net.

6. The operator shall avoid allowing fish to come into contact with the anode. The zone of potential fish injury is 0.5 m from the anode. Netting shall never be attached to the anode. Techniques employed when using an unnetted anode keep fish farther from the anode and expose them to significantly less time in the zone of potential injury. Extra care shall be taken near in-water structures or undercut banks, in shallow waters or high-density fish areas. In these areas fish are more likely to come into close contact with the anode because fish may be less visible and the voltage gradients may be abnormally intensified. Voltage settings in shallow water sections shall be checked and readjusted by the operator if necessary. When electrofishing areas near



undercut banks or where structures may provide cover for fish, the anode will be used to draw the fish out by placing the activated anode near the area fish are likely present and slowly drawing the anode away. Fish experiencing galvanotaxis will be attracted to the anode and will swim away from the structure toward the anode so that they can be netted. This will not work on fish that experience narcosis or tetany. Therefore, fish response will be noted in adjacent areas prior to attempts made near structures. This should help avoid prolonged exposure of fish to the electrical field while in an immobilized state.

7. Electrofishing shall be performed in a manner that minimizes harm to fish. Once an appropriate fish response (galvanotaxis) is noted, the stream segment shall be worked systematically, moving the anode continuously in a herringbone pattern through the water without electrofishing one area for an extended period of time. The number of passes shall be kept to a minimum, will be dependent upon site-specific characteristics, and be at the discretion of the directing biologist. Adequate numbers of personnel shall be on-site to minimize the number of passes required for fish removal. Adequate staff to net, recover, and release fish as soon as possible shall be present. Fish shall be removed from the electrical field immediately. Fish shall not be held in the net while continuing to capture additional fish.

8. Condition of captured fish will be carefully observed and documented. Dark bands on the body and extended recovery times are signs of injury or handling stress. When such signs are noted, the settings for the electrofishing unit and/or manner in which the electrofishing session is proceeding need adjustment. These characteristics may be an indication that electrofishing has become an inappropriate removal method for that specific site. Each fish shall be capable of remaining upright and actively swimming prior to release (see Fish Handling, Holding and Release section).

9. Electrofishing shall not occur when turbidity reduces visibility to less than 0.5 meters, when water conductivity exceeds 350 μS/cm, or when water temperature is above 18�C or below 4�C.

Fish Handling, Holding and Release: � Fish handling will be kept to the minimum necessary to remove fish from the work

site.

� Fish will not be sampled or anesthetized during removal activities as this protocol is intended to address fish removal not research. Fish species, number, age class estimate, and release location will be documented.

� Individuals handling fish shall ensure that their hands are free of sunscreen, lotion, or insect repellent.

� Fish or other aquatic life captured shall be immediately put into dark colored containers filled with clean stream water. Fish removal personnel shall provide a



healthy environment for fish with minimum holding periods and low fish densities in holding containers to avoid effects of overcrowding. Large fish shall be kept separate from smaller fish to avoid predation during containment. Water-to-water transfers shall occur whenever possible. ESA listed fish should not be transferred out of water to prevent added stress. Holding container temperature and well being of specimens will be frequently monitored to assure that all specimens will be released unharmed. Potential shade areas and supplemental oxygen for fish holding shall be considered in designing fish handling operations.

� The release site(s) will be determined by the directing biologist and may be based on specific site characteristics (flow refuge and cover) and type of fish captured (out migrating smolt, kelt, prespawn migrating adult, etc). More than one site may be designated to provide for varying migrational needs and to separate prey size fish from larger fish. The directing biologist shall consider fish migration requirements, size classes of fish, and duration of work area isolation when designing fish release plans. Each fish shall be capable of remaining upright and have the ability to actively swim upon release. ESA-listed or proposed fish will have priority over other species for release. One person shall be designated to transport specimens in a timely manner to the site selected for release.

� All ESA-listed dead fish shall be preserved and delivered to the pertinent regulatory agency (see documentation below) as outlined in the appropriate permit’s conditions.

� If authorized level of take is exceeded, the pertinent regulatory agency shall be notified as soon as possible.

Documentation

� All work area isolation, fish removal and fish release activity shall be thoroughly documented in a log book with the following information: project location, date, methods, personnel, in-stream temperature, visibility, electrofisher settings, and other comments.

� Species, number of each species, age class estimate, and location of release will be recorded for all fish handled.

� Information regarding injuries or mortalities to ESA-listed or proposed species shall be documented and provided within three working days to NOAA fisheries or USFWS, depending on which agency has jurisdiction over that species.


appendix a usfws species lists - center for environmental

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