Application of an SEA Application of an SEA framework inframework in

Palar River BasinPalar River BasinTamil Nadu, IndiaTamil Nadu, India

Presentation atPresentation atStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) SesssionStrategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Sesssion

February 26, WaterWeek ’04February 26, WaterWeek ’04

N. HarshadeepN. HarshadeepSouth Asia Environmental and Social Development South Asia Environmental and Social Development

Unit (SASES)Unit (SASES)The World BankThe World Bank

The FrameworkThe FrameworkMergingMerging SEA SEA & IWRM & IWRM

ApproachesApproaches

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

[Basin EA = Sectoral EA + Regional EA]

Integrated Water Resources Planning

& Management (IWRM)

Sustainable Basin

Planning & Management

Issues/Information

Analysis of AlternativesStakeholder ConsultationPolicy/Institutional Reforms

Upstream Input into Decision Making

Proactive Scoping/ScreeningKnowledge Base

Holistic Basin FrameworkScenario Analysis; Modeling

Stakeholder ParticipationInstitutional Capacity Building

Decision Support Systems

Cumulative Impact AssessmentSupply, Demand, Quality

“Do No Harm”: Minimize environmental/social risks“Do Good”: Maximize sustainable environmental/social benefits

Maximize Sustainable Productivity of Water(Net Benefits of Water)

Limitations of ApproachLimitations of Approach Limited awareness of environmental Limited awareness of environmental

issues, SEA, or IWRMissues, SEA, or IWRM Multiplicity of StakeholdersMultiplicity of Stakeholders Fragmentation of InstitutionsFragmentation of Institutions Lack of effective consultative frameworksLack of effective consultative frameworks Limitations of Knowledge Base/AnalysisLimitations of Knowledge Base/Analysis Strong political will to implement Strong political will to implement

recommendationsrecommendations Mental move from “crisis management” to Mental move from “crisis management” to

“shared vision planning and management”“shared vision planning and management”

……but there are few other options left for but there are few other options left for many basins such as the Palar…many basins such as the Palar…

Location & Characteristics of the Palar Basin

TAMIL NADUTAMIL NADU

IRS, IWS, Taramani, Chennai 600 113

Palar Basin

River Basin Map

Boundaries are indicative and may be under dispute

First Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia RegionFirst Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia Region

Palar Basin Palar Basin CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• Basin Area: 18,300 km2 (10,910 km2 in TN)

• Rainfall: 1039 mm (SW: 458 mm; NE: 461 mm)

• Potential Supply: About 1,500 MCM SW; 2,700 MCM GW

• Current Demands: 2560 MCM (88% Irrigation)

• Industries: 88 large; 22,695 small (30 MLD effluent)

• River flows for 15 days in year!• Storage: 11 reservoirs, 4,900 rainfed tanks and 661 “system” tanks

• About 250,000 wells (mostly dug wells)• GW: 50% blocks over-exploited; 41% critical/semi-critical

• Population: 5.4 million (62 million in TN)

• Agricultural land: 63%• Farmers: 62% marginal (<0.5 ha); 18% small (0.5-1 ha) and 20% medium&large (>1ha)

• About 450 Tannery units (in Vellore) with 9 CETPs

Ocean

River Basin Boundary

Irrigation

NavigationNavigation

IndustryIndustryUrban WSSUrban WSS

ReservoirReservoir

RecreationRecreation

HydropowerHydropower

FishingFishingFishing

Community Use

Wetlands / Environment

Community Use

Wetlands / EnvironmentWetlands / Environment

Rainfed AgrRainfed Agr

LivestockLivestock

ForestForest

Rural WSSRural WSS

IrrigationIrrigation

Groundwater

Infiltration / Recharge

Base Flow / Pumping

Groundwater Inflow

Groundwater Outflow

Runoff

Evaporation / Transpiration

Groundwater

Infiltration / Recharge

Base Flow / Pumping

Groundwater Inflow

Groundwater Outflow

Runoff

Evaporation / Transpiration

Return FlowReturn Flow

Agriculture & Livestock(pesticide and fertilizer pollution, livestock fodder, grazing land availability, medicinal

plants, pest/pesticide management, organic cultivation, clean milk production)

Irrigation(access to water,

waterlogging, water quality, siltation/erosion)

Rural Water Supply & Sanitation(access to clean water, pollution of local water

bodies, drinking water quality & testing)

Industry & Power(access to required water, industrial

effluent and sludge management, thermal pollution, industrial disasters)

Environment(water quality/pollution monitoring, instream flow requirements (incl.

community use), wetlands protection, biodiversity conservation, sand

mining)

Fisheries-related (exotic species, access to

resources, disease & pollution)

Navigation(dredging spoil management, spills)

Tourism(waste management, seasonal

demands)

Groundwater-Related(Overexploitation;

Pollution from natural sources – e.g. of As, Fl; and from anthropogenic

sources – e.g. of Nitrates, Pesticides, TDS)

Land & Forest Management(catchment protection for soil and water

conservation, soil degradation, incl. salinization, biodiversity conservation, recharge, water

harvesting, non-point source runoff)

Coastal Zone Management(Saline water intrusion, coastal wetland management, ocean

pollution, coastal hazard management, fisheries-related)

Urban(health benefits from access to clean water and

sanitation, domestic and stormwater runoff treatment/management, sludge management, solid

and hazwaste management)

Climate & Disasters(droughts, floods and other natural

disasters, climate change)

Overall(environmental awareness, competition for water, growing demands,

construction and operation-related safeguards, environmental knowledge base and decision support systems, adequacy of policies, institutions, instruments, incentives & coordination in

management of the resource base and service delivery; cultural property management, appropriate indigenous knowledge use)

Dams(siltation, dam safety, downstream releases)

TypicalEnvironmental Issues

in a Basin Context

Palar BasinPalar BasinMultiple IssuesMultiple Issues forfor Multiple Multiple

StakeholdersStakeholders

Catchment Degradation

Water Pollution(Tanneries, Waste Dumps, Textiles, Other Industries,

Domestic, Fertilizer/Pesticide)

Tank/Canal/Groundwater Irrigated AgricultureCoastal Zone Management

Water Harvesting Urban Water Supply & Sewerage

Rural Water Supply

Inter-Basin TransferSand Mining

Competing Water Uses& Unclear Entitlements

Tank Degradation

Water Scarcity

Groundwater Management

Agr. Dept/Agr. Engr. DeptWUA/Farmers

Water Resources OrganizationInstitute for Water Studies

TWAD BoardMetroWater

TNEB

Livestock Department

Industry DepartmentTanneries/CLRI

Environment DepartmentTN Pollution Control Board

Loss of Ecology Comm.

Fisheries Department

Forest Department

Palar Basin Board& Secretariat

IndustrialistsLocal GovernmentAcademiaNGOs, Politicians, etc.

Salt-impacted Agricultural Productivity

Work Undertaken So FarWork Undertaken So Far Meetings, Workshops, Meetings, Workshops,

DiscussionsDiscussions Consultant InputsConsultant Inputs Knowledge Base DevelopmentKnowledge Base Development Background Background

Notes/PresentationsNotes/Presentations Training/Awareness BuildingTraining/Awareness Building Vision Statement & Action PlanVision Statement & Action Plan Mainstreaming into work Mainstreaming into work

supported by Tamil Nadu Water supported by Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project Resources Consolidation Project (TNWRCP)(TNWRCP) with WRO, IWS, State with WRO, IWS, State Surface and GW Data Center, River basin Surface and GW Data Center, River basin boards, technical secretariat, environmental boards, technical secretariat, environmental cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, Agr. Engr. Dept, Water User Associations, Agr. Engr. Dept, Water User Associations, Research Institutions, Academia, etc.Research Institutions, Academia, etc.

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Flows in the Palar Basin

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S17 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16

Summary of Key Environmental Issues Summary of Key Environmental Issues & Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin& Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin

1. Water Pollution

• WW Treatment

• HRTS

• IPM/IPNM

• Other

• Supply-Side (Desilt Tanks as appropriate, Improve Recharge, regulate sand mining)

• Demand-Side (Use less water intensive crops & irrigation systems)

• Management (Improve water regulation)

• Optimize Cropping Patterns and Irrigation Technologies

• IPM/IPNM

• Manage Pollution

3. Impact Related Problems (Agriculture/Health)

2. Resource Degradation

Interaction of IssuesInteraction of Issues

EnvironmentalEnvironmental SocialSocial

EconomicEconomic

Pollution (from industry, settlements)Sand miningGroundwater depletionTank siltationCatchment degradationSustainable agriculture

LivelihoodsEquityAccess to clean waterSocial structureMigrationPoverty AlleviationHealth

Sustainable IncomesSubsidiesEfficiencySustainable GrowthInvestment Prioritization

• Decreased availability of water due to overexploitation of groundwater resources; Increased sand mining in the Basin

• Increased pollution of ground and surface waters• Degradation of Tanks and water supply structures• Siltation in tanks and intake channels• Decrease in the yield and quality of agricultural crops

• Prevalence of water borne disease and other health problems

• Labour shifts from agriculture to industrial sector

• Costs involved in repairing tanks and shifting water supply structures

Depletion of Resources (Water; Forests; Sand)

Degradation of Environment (Water; Soil; Crops;

Infrastructure)

Risks to Health & Ecosystems (Water borne diseases; Occupational health;

Bioaccumulation of pollutants)

Distortion on Employment and Income Generation

(Loss of livelihood; Occupational shifts and migrations)

Macro Economic Basin Wide Issues (Costs of Remediation; Shifting, Rehabilitation of

structures, etc.)

Progression of Issues in Progression of Issues in the Palarthe Palar

Targeted OutcomesTargeted Outcomes Enhance knowledge base & analytical capacityEnhance knowledge base & analytical capacity Provide a focal point for stakeholder participationProvide a focal point for stakeholder participation

Improve AwarenessImprove Awareness Move to more level playing fieldMove to more level playing field Elicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectivesElicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectives Develop shared vision planning of basinDevelop shared vision planning of basin Improve networking, coordinationImprove networking, coordination

Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities)Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities) Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and

areas of conflictareas of conflict Move towards resolution of problemsMove towards resolution of problems

Stakeholder MeetingsStakeholder MeetingsKey IngredientsKey Ingredients (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in

Kancheepuram)Kancheepuram)

Information ResourcesInformation Resources& Preparatory Work& Preparatory Work

Facilities/ EquipmentFacilities/ Equipment

BalancedBalancedBreakout GroupsBreakout Groups

Enthusiastic ParticipationEnthusiastic ParticipationEffective FacilitationEffective Facilitation

Hard work Behind-the-ScenesHard work Behind-the-Scenes

Good Stakeholder GroupGood Stakeholder Group

From Vision to Action

Vision

Strategies

Problem solving process

Tasks/ Actions

What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?

InstitutionsPolicy/Regulations Resources

ObjectivesPrinciples

Tactics

How will it be done?

Issues

Information Instruments

Structured InteractionStructured Interaction

Political SupportPolitical Support

Draft Vision Statement for the Draft Vision Statement for the Palar Basin BoardPalar Basin Board

TThe Palar River Basin Management and Development he Palar River Basin Management and Development

Board (PRBMDB) seeks to Board (PRBMDB) seeks to improve, safeguard and improve, safeguard and monitor the water and land resources programsmonitor the water and land resources programs of of its member organizations. As an apex body, the its member organizations. As an apex body, the PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable water resources planning and management in an water resources planning and management in an integrated manner covering the activities of all integrated manner covering the activities of all departments concerned.departments concerned.

To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable management and development of water, land and forest management and development of water, land and forest resources including the environmental aspects in the basin.resources including the environmental aspects in the basin.

To increase awareness, participation and commitment of To increase awareness, participation and commitment of people and to protect and enhance their wellbeing.people and to protect and enhance their wellbeing.

To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach and become a model for other river basins in India.and become a model for other river basins in India.

Structured Process to move from Vision to Action

Vision

Strategies

Problem solving process

Tasks/Actions

What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?

InstitutionsPolicy/Regulations Resources

ObjectivesPrinciples

Tactics

How will it be done?

Issues

Information Instruments

Sample Group Worksheet Table EntrySample Group Worksheet Table EntryObjective Objective Strategy Strategy Tactics Tactics Tasks Tasks

STRATEGYSTRATEGY TACTICSTACTICS TASKSTASKS

Water Demand Management

Artificial Recharge

Mininise Sand Mining

Change In Cropping Pattern

Water Reuse & Recycling

Withdrawal Priorities

Micro Irrigation Systems

RWH at Community Level

Conjunctive Use Substitutes For

Sand Implementation In

Critical Areas

Systematic Assessment Of Resources

Municipal Sewage Treatment And Use

Awareness Creation Apportioning Among

Sources/Sectors Augmentation

Through Recharge Structures

Community Wells Research And

Development for Substitute For Sand

Sprinkler Drip Irrigation

Group on Resource DegradationGroup on Resource Degradation

Objective One: Objective One: Groundwater Resource RestorationGroundwater Resource Restoration

A Proposed Development Plan

Draft Action Plan: Key Draft Action Plan: Key ElementsElements

Identification of all major polluters with respect to pollutional load/Apportionment of Pollution aming sources/sectorsIdentifying the major polluted sites and critical constituents to be addressed and prioritization.

Systematic Assessment of Resources (surface and ground water quality/qty, meteorological data, tank mgmt, silitation), on agricultural productivity, etc.Identification of technical and non technical bottlenecks for their non-compliance for safe disposal. Arriving at technical and non technical solutions to over come the bottlenecks – integrated planning Study of assimilating capacity of Palar river basin. Identification of technologies available world over and selection of technology. R&D for Sand Substitute

Comprehensive Environmental Assessment for BasinBenchmarking (agr, industry)Planning by Municipalities on Wastewater and Solid Waste ManagementStatus on flora/fauna of Basin

Knowledge Base Improvement/Analysis

Conduct stakeholder meetings regularly at village level to educate about ill effects and precautions. REVIVING “KUDIMARAMATHU” through WUAAppraise major polluters of their responsibility with emphasis on safe disposal Propagate quality standards and legal implications of non-compliance SHG INVOLVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Mass media education of public Farmers training and demonstration Producer entrepreneurship Consumer link Awareness creation Make people use Sanitary facilities and waste mgmt through persuasion Regular workshops/task working groups for appraisal/monitoring/planningInvolve Water User Associations and NGOsInvolvement of Government (e.g. Collector) for AwarenessExposure visits (within and outside the state)Inclusion of env. issues into school curriculumDissemination of information on water quantity/quality at various sectionsMotivate local bodies for wastewater & solid waste mgmt (Municipalities/Town Panchayats/Village Panchayats)

Dissemination of informationWebsite on Palar Board (database & upcoming events)+B52

Training of various stakeholders

Awareness/Training

Identify technology and industrial Pilot plant studies for Implementation with scope for sustainability and replicability (incl. Composting/segregation/ biomethanization /remedial / RO reuse/reject mgmt pilots; industrial ecology-ecological engr networking)Adaptive in-situ trials for optimal cropping patterns (incl. salt tolerant, implements)Promotion of eco-friendly agriculture (IPM/IPNM/Organic Cultivation/Water reducing agr /& irrig. Practices

Solid Waste Management Facility Pilots

Hazardous waste managementComposting Weed Management

Pilot Activities

MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT AND USE AUGMENTATION THROUGH RECHARGE STRUCTURES COMMUNITY WELLS

SPRINKLER DRIP IRRIGATION CONTOUR BUNDING, TRENCHING & TERRACING, STRIP CROPPINGSOURCE SEGRATION/COMPOSTING

AFFORESTATION AND RECHARGE STRUCTURES

Establish/ modernize regional soil testing laboratories Construction of water harvesting structures at appropriate sites Construction of sanitary facilities Disposal of solid waste

Industrial Pollution Management

Interventions

IDENTIFICATION AND FORMATION OF COMMITTEES FOR PLANNING AND ACTION

Periodical monitoring and review of the implemented technologies and upgrading the same.

Human and financial Resources Fixing time frame for various activities. Periodical monitoring and review with the stake holder’s participation and periodical training.

Organizing stake holders, R and D institutions interaction and finalization of appropriate technologies Take legal measures for non compliance/EnforcementHow to go ahead institutionally?

Process

Next StepsNext Steps Palar Basin SEA Multi-Palar Basin SEA Multi-

stakeholder Workshopsstakeholder Workshops Refinement, initial Refinement, initial

implementation & implementation & monitoring of Action monitoring of Action PlansPlans on: on: Pollution ManagementPollution Management Health and AgricultureHealth and Agriculture Water ResourcesWater Resources

Integration into Proposed Integration into Proposed Successor TN Water Successor TN Water Resources Project Resources Project (social and (social and environmental assessment, decision environmental assessment, decision support systems, investments support systems, investments considered, partnerships facilitated)considered, partnerships facilitated) 99

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Mahendravadi Tank

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Poiney Anaicut

Palar Anaicut

Aliabad AnaicutKamandalaNagaNadi Anaicut

Upper Cheyyar Anaicut

LowerCheyyar Anaicut

Thandarai Anaicut

UttaramerurAnaicut

Palar Basin Schematic

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A long way to go, but a good start…

……Summing UpSumming Up Requirements for an SEA approach for Requirements for an SEA approach for

IWRMIWRM Manifestation of real problemsManifestation of real problems Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder

commitment to achieve consensus to move ahead; commitment to achieve consensus to move ahead; emergence of championsemergence of champions

The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, IncentivesIncentives

Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked nature of environmental, social, economic nature of environmental, social, economic and water issuesand water issues

A Structured SEA process complements and A Structured SEA process complements and supplements basin managementsupplements basin management

Processes are as important as ProductsProcesses are as important as Products Shows great potential for other basins – but Shows great potential for other basins – but

it is essential to develop customized it is essential to develop customized approaches for each basin!approaches for each basin!