Supporting Information

Lipase-inorganic hybrid nanoflower constructed through biomimetic mineralization: a new support for biodiesel synthesis

Wei Jiang,a Xinghuo Wang,a Jiebing Yang,b Haobo Han,b Quanshun Lib,* Jun Tanga,*

aCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

bKey Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

*Corresponding authors.

Tel.: +86-431-85155201; Fax: +86-431-85155200.

E-mail: chemjtang@jlu.edu.cn (J. Tang); quanshun@jlu.edu.cn (Q. Li).

Fig. S1. SEM images of PPL@Nanoflower constructed using different concentrations of PPL: 0.25 mg/mL (a), 1.00 mg/mL (b) and 0.00 mg/mL (c).

Table S1. Encapsulation efficiency and enzyme loading of PPL@Nanoflower using different PPL concentrations. Data were expressed as mean value ± SD of three experiments.

PPL concentration (mg/mL)

Encapsulation efficiency (%)

Enzyme loading

(mg/g PPL@Nanoflower)

0.25

94.3 7.8

295.0 14.7

0.50

57.3 4.8

344.1 17.2

1.00

31.2 2.6

346.8 17.3

Fig. S2. EDX mapping of PPL@Nanoflower.

Fig. S3. Mapping image of PPL@Nanoflower.

Fig. S4. Nitrogen sorption isotherms for PPL@Nanoflower.

Fig. S5. BET surface area plots of Cu3(PO4)2 (a) and PPL@Nanoflower (b).

Table S2. BET surface areas of Cu3(PO4)2 and PPL@Nanoflower.

Sample

BET (m²/g)

C

Correlation coefficient

Cu3(PO4)2

21.18

35.24

0.9959

PPL@Nanoflower

110.41

70.51

0.9999

Fig. S6. Effects of temperature (a), pH (b) and metal ions (c) on the activities of free enzyme and PPL@Nanoflower, using the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl caprylate as a model. Data were expressed as mean value ± SD of three experiments.

Fig. S7. 1H NMR characterization of biodiesel obtained through the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol catalyzed by PPL@Nanoflower.

Table S3. Physical properties of sunflower oil and biodiesel obtained through PPL@Nanoflower-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Data were expressed as mean value ± SD of three experiments.

Parameter

Unit

Sunflower oil

Biodiesel

Density at 20 oC

kg/m3

0.99 ± 0.02

0.92 ± 0.02

Content of free fatty acid

wt %

88.00 ± 1.00

8.30 ± 0.50

Acid value

mg KOH/g oil

0.30 ± 0.02

not determined

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