8-1

Articulations and Movement

Lecture 8

8-2

Articulations or Joints

• Articulation or Joint– Place where two bones come together– Freely movable to limited to no apparent

movement– Structure correlated with movement

8-3

Classes of Joints

Structural: Based on major connective tissue type that binds bones– Fibrous

• Skull sutures– Cartilaginous

• Pelvic girdle• Between the vertebrae

– Synovial• Most common

8-4

Synovial Joints

• Allow considerable movement

• Most joints that unite bone of appendicular skeleton

• Complex– Articular cartilage and disks– Joint cavity and capsule– Synovial membrane and

fluid• Bursa (plural bursae)

– Pockets of synovial fluid

Fig. 9.4

8-5

Types of Movement

• Angular– Flexion and Extension

• Hyperextension– Abduction and Adduction– Circumduction

• Circular or Rotational– Rotation– Pronation and Supination

• Special Movements

8-6

Flexion and Extension

Fig. 9.7

8-7

Abduction and Adduction

Fig. 9.8

8-8

Circumduction

Fig. 9.9

8-9

Rotation

Fig. 9.10

8-10

Pronation and Supination

Fig. 9.10

8-11

Special Movements

• Unique to only one or two joints• Types

– Elevation and Depression– Protraction and Retraction

8-12

Elevation and Depression

Fig. 9.11

8-13

Protraction and Retraction

Fig. 9.11

8-14

Review QuestionWhat action takes place at both the hip and knee

when a sprinter leaves the block?(a) extension(b) flexion(c) abduction(d) depression(e) retraction

8-15

Points to Remember• A joint or articulation is a meeting between two

bones and does not necessarily imply movement• A joint can be classified according to its structure• Synovial joints are the most complex• Specific terms are used to describe the movements

of joints that are freely movable.• Commonly grouped in opposing pairs that move a

part of the body in relation to the anatomical position.

8-16

Questions?