artificial intelligance

Contents : What is AI

History Of AI

Major Branches of AI

Expert System An AI Programe

Advantages of Expert System

SoftWares Used In AI

Summery

References

Artificial Intelligence(AI) 1

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO A.I.

History Of AI

EVOLUTION OF A.I.

BRANCHES OF A.I.

APPLICATIONS OF A.I.

CONCLUSIONS ON A.I.

What Is A.I. ?A.I. is a branch of computer science that studies the computational requirementsfor tasks such as perception, reasoning and learning and develop systems toperform those tasks

The field of Artificial intelligence strives to understand and build intelligent entities

A.I.

Strong A.I.M/C can think and

act like human

Weak A.I.Some thinking like features

can be added to M/C

DEFINIT IONS

* Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area ofcomputer science that emphasizes thecreation of intelligent machines that work andreact like humans

* AI works with pattern matching methods which attempt todescribe objects , events or processes in terms of theirqualitative features and logical and computationalRelationship.

History Of AIThe branch of computer science concerned with making

computers behave like humans.

This term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence .In May, 1997,an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion

Gary Kasparov in a chess match.


Major Branches Of AI

Perceptive system A system that approximates the way a human sees, hears, and

feels objects

Vision system Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures

Robotics Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks

with high precision

Expert system Stores knowledge and makes inferences


Major Branches of AI (2) Learning system

Computer changes how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback

Natural language processing Computers understand and react to statements and commands

made in a “natural” language, such as English

Neural network Computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of

the human brain


Schematic


Artificialintelligence

OverView Of Expert System

Can… Explain their reasoning or suggested decisions

Display intelligent behavior

Draw conclusions from complex relationships

Provide portable knowledge

Expert system shell A collection of software packages and tools used to

develop expert systems


Fxpert System

Expert systems :

Expert system is an artificial intelligence program that has expert-level knowledge about a particular domain and knows how to use its knowledge to respond properly


Limitations of Expert Systems

Not widely used or tested

Limited to relatively narrow problems

Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge

Possibility of error

Cannot refine own knowledge base

Difficult to maintain

May have high development costs

Raise legal and ethical concerns


Capabilities of Expert Systems


Gfg Strategic goal setting

Decision making

Planning

Design

Quality control and monitoring

Explore impact of strategic goals

Impact of plans on resources

Integrate general design principles and manufacturing limitations

Provide advise on decisions

Monitor quality and assist in finding solutions

Look for causes and suggest solutionsDiagnosis

When to Use an Expert System

Provide a high potential payoff or significantly reduced downside risk

Capture and preserve irreplaceable human expertise

Provide expertise needed at a number of locations at the same time or in a hostile environment that is dangerous to human health

Provide expertise that is expensive or rare

Develop a solution faster than human experts can


Components of anExpert System (1) Knowledge base

Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships used by the expert system

Inference engine Seeks information and relationships from the

knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions in the way a human expert would

Rule A conditional statement that links given conditions to

actions or outcomes

Components of anExpert System (2) Fuzzy logic

A specialty research area in computer science that allows shades of gray and does not require everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false

Backward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions and

works backward to the supporting facts

Forward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with the facts and

works forward to the conclusionsSchematic

Inferenceengine

Explanationfacility

Knowledgebase

acquisitionfacility

Userinterface

Knowledgebase

Experts User

Determining requirements

Identifying experts

Construct expert system components

Implementing results

Maintaining and reviewing system

Expert Systems Development

Domain• The area of knowledge

addressed by theexpert system.

Participants in Expert Systems Development and Use Domain expert

The individual or group whose expertise and knowledge is captured for use in an expert system

Knowledge user The individual or group who uses and benefits from the

expert system

Knowledge engineer Someone trained or experienced in the design,

development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system

Schematic

Expertsystem

Domain expert

Knowledge engineer

Knowledge user

Expert Systems Development Alternatives

low

high

low high

Developmentcosts

Time to develop expert system

Useexistingpackage

Developfromshell

Developfrom

scratch

Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence

Credit granting Information management and retrieval AI and expert systems embedded in products Plant layout Hospitals and medical facilities Help desks and assistance Employee performance evaluation Loan analysis Virus detection Repair and maintenance Shipping Marketing Warehouse optimization

Advantages of Expert Systems Easy to develop and modify

The use of satisficing

The use of heuristics

Development by knowledge engineers and users

Cheaper

Fast response

Reduced dange

Artificial Intelligence Software HPCC Systems : Open-source enterprise-proven platform for

Big Data analysis

Weka : Machine learning software to solve data

mining problems

MOEA Framework : Open Source Java Framework for

Multiobjective Optimization

he RoboCup Soccer Simulator:

CLIPS Rule Based Programming Language : Expert System Tool


Summery:Computers making decisions in real-world problems

Like Humains

This is the original idea from Turing and the well known Turing Test


References: http://sourceforge.net/directory/science-

engineering/ai/os:windows/freshness:recently-updated/

https ://www.vanguardsw.com › Knowledge Automation System

https://www.google.com.pk/?gws_rd=cr&ei=_-MWVcn0D8TuaPmdgJgE#q=software+used+in+expert+system


http://sourceforge.net/directory/science-engineering/ai/os:windows/freshness:recently-updated/

https://www.google.com.pk/?gws_rd=cr&ei=_-MWVcn0D8TuaPmdgJgE

artificial intelligance

Education

artificial intelligence

expertlevel knowledge

history of ai evolution

computer devices

area of computer science

knowledge basedifficult

ibm supercomputer

intelligent entitiesa