Artificial Intelligence, simulation and modelling

Artificial Intelligence

Your computer can do lots of things automatically: - spelling mistakes in a word-processed document

can be identified and automatically corrected;- games can be played against a computer, where

the computer often wins; computers can fly planes- robots can carry out a variety of tasks.

These are all examples of applications that come from developments in the study of artificial

intelligence.

Understanding AI• Intelligence is more than the amount of knowledge a

person has. It includes the ability to think, solve problems and make conclusions based on available information.

Reasoning - to solve a problem logically and draw conclusionsEmpathy - to understand what it's like to be another person, or to be in a another situationPredicting - to foretell a future situationDecision-making - based on a range of factorsCommunicating - using written and oral languagesExperiencing emotions - and being socially competent.

Artificial intelligence involves the development of computer systems

that model human thinking processes to imitate some human

ability or behaviour

Uses of AI

• Medical • Robot control• Household and pets• Finance – banks, trading• Online – avatars • Toys and games• Music• Aviation

http://www.aldebaran-robotics.com/en/

Some of these are ok too…http://www.futuretimeline.net/subject/ai-robots.htm

Today!

Select a AI development.Create a poster to inform others of this AIResearch the impact this development has had in different work fields and todays society.Include a picture!

Areas of Artificial IntelligenceIntelligent SystemsAn intelligent system is a system with artificial intelligence that is able to use the available data to make decisions. Computers that play strategy games (such as chess) are examples of intelligent systems.

Knowledge BasesAn intelligent system needs to be given a set of rule or facts in order to make decisions. These rules or facts are often called a knowledge base. They also include the knowledge or subject content, which is organised in a logical order for decision making.Knowledge bases contain two types of knowledge:• Factual - information found in texts or widely known facts• Heuristic - general rules or probabilities rather than specific

instructions. In many instances, these are stored as IF±THEN statements such as:

IF a specific condition exists, THEN specify actions or conclusionsE.g. Medical Knowledge - Facts – detail about the diseases and symptoms- Heuristics – how to diagnose particular diseases.

Tasks

https://portalsrvs.det.nsw.edu.au/LRRView/9071/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/hitchhikers/game_nolan.shtml

http://alice.pandorabots.com/

Demons

Demons are programs that are activated when a value is triggered. For example, the anti-virus software on your computer uses a demon. It activates when an email arrives, identifying specific file types that indicate that a virus is present. Most demons operate automatically without the user's knowledge.

Agents

An agent is a program that performs a processing or information-gathering task. Search engines on the World Wide Web use agents, and some of these agents can be given specific instructions to collect a certain type of information. An agent is used when you shop online and pay by credit card.An agent will automatically locate and retrieve requested data

Expert Systems

An expert system is a program that provides recommendations or decisions about a problem. They are the most common form of intelligent system. To use an expert system, data about a problem is entered into the expert system. An inference engine then examines each part of the problem, using the facts and rules in its knowledge base, to make decisions or recommendations.Examples – medical diagnosis, legal, accounting, customer and IT support, character simulation in games

Expert Systems Example

IT help deskHelps diagnose computer problems – monitor not workingData about the computer problem is entered into the expert system which then looks in the knowledge base to determine possible solutions to the problem. We look at this in more detail later.

Neural NetworksThe human brain is a neural network, with neurons acting as the connecting devices in the nervous system. An artificial neural network is a computer system which has a design based on the way the human brain works. It operates by creating connections between processors, the computing equivalent of neurons.Artificial neural networks are capable of learning – similar to the way expert systems work by following a set of rulesGood at recognising complex patterns . They are used in voice recognition programs (trained). As well as image recognition etc.

Task

1. Outline the link between an expert system and a knowledge base.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of expert systems?

3. Find examples and present them in a table of the uses of demons, agents, expert systems, neural networks and knowledge bases in businesses in our local community

4. What is the Chinese room argument? – What is your view on this argument?