ashrae 90.2 kuwait - agu.edu.bh day/3/walid.pdfashrae 90.2 –kuwait ... • informative appendix...
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Prof. Walid ChakrounKuwait UniversitySixth "Zayed Seminar" onGreen Economy: Success Stories from the GCCMay 8-9 , 2013
ASHRAE 90.2 –KuwaitWhat Can be Learned From It?
Today’s building designsmortgage our energy future.
3
Why Are Buildings So Important?
• World total energy consumption is expected to increase as high as 50 percent in less than a decade.
• Buildings are responsible for 38% of total energy use –that figure increases to up to 70% in some countries.
40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3
Fastest Growing Energy Sector
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Qua
ds
Year
IndustrialTransportationBuildings Total
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007
Building Energy Efficiency
“…is the single most important opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions” (2007-2008 ASHRAE President Kent Peterson)
“…is the “fastest-growing success story of the last 50 years” (American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)
ASHRAE Standards
• ASHRAE had existing standards for residential and commercial buildings, for residential and commercial ventilation requirements and others
Standard 90.2
The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of residential buildings.
Standard 90.1• Recently established by U.S.
Department of Energy as the commercial building reference standard for state building energy codes.
• States must certify compliance by October 2013
• DOE determined 18.5% less building energy use than 2007 standard
• It was determined to be 30% less building energy use than 2004 standard
Green Building Standard
• Published in January 2010• Serves as benchmark for
sustainable green buildings – does not apply to all buildings
• Addresses energy, impact on the atmosphere, sustainable sites, water use, materials and resources and IEQ
www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE 90.2 KuwaitEnergy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise
Residential Buildings in KuwaitCase Study
The Kuwaiti Government Needed:
• A comprehensive residential building energy efficiency standard in response to a growing residential energy need
• A standard that covered the building design and all of its components, including air conditioning and ventilation air
Requirements
The ministry requested a standard for use with residential houses
•Written in simple code language
•To be developed within six months
•To be a stand alone standard
The Solution
1. In late 2009, a group of ASHRAE members from the United States and Kuwait University came together to create a version of ASHRAE Standard 90.2-2007 to take into account the differences between existing standards and the needs of Kuwait
2. Existing Kuwaiti building and energy requirement related documents were reviewed, and an outline of the requirements for the new standard was developed
3. The appropriate sections of the various existing standards were identified and pulled together to form an outline of a 90.2 Kuwait standard
4. The outline was then further tailored and filled in to meet the needs of the Kuwait residential construction market
5. Specific new materials were developed for the Kuwait standard, such as the requirement for creating a positive pressure environment to control the infiltration of dust
The Solution
The Solution
6. Upon completion of a first public review draft, it was presented to, and discussed with, a group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers
The Solution
7. Their input was then factored into a revision of the draft standard, and it was again presented to, and discussed with, a second group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers
8. Input from the second review was then factored into the final ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait
The Results
• ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait was then published in March 2010, and subsequently presented to the Kuwait Ministry of Energy and Water
• The project was so successful that the ministry is considering more cooperation with ASHRAE on modifying the school and hospital design guidelines developed earlier by ASHRAE to suit Kuwait.”
ASHRAE 90.2Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait
ASHRAE 90.2Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait
Standard 90.2 Kuwait Content
1) Purpose2) Scope3) Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony
ms, and Symbols4) Administration and Enforcement5) Building Envelope Requirements6) Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning7) Indoor Environmental Quality 8) Lighting9) Climatic Data
• Normative Appendix A—Rated R-value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations
• Informative Appendix B—HVAC and Ventilation Systems
2.) Scope
This standard provides minimum energy-efficiency requirements for the design and construction of:a. new residential dwelling units and their
systems
b. where explicitly specified:1. new portions of residential dwelling units and
their systems2. new systems and equipment in existing dwelling
units
4.) Administration and Enforcement
• Scope• Administrative Requirements• Compliance Paths• Compliance Documentation
5.) Building Envelope Requirements
• Roof Insulation• Above-grade Wall Insulation• Below-Grade Wall Insulation• Floor Insulation• Fenestration and Doors
Table 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements - IP (SI) Units
Opague Elements Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value
RoofsInsulation Entirely Above Deck (Cont. Ins.) U-0.048 (0.273) R-20 (3.5) C.I. U-0.093 (0.527) R-10.0 (1.8) C.I.
Walls, Above-GradeMass (Continuous Insulation) U-0.080 (0.453) R-13.3 (2.3) C.I. U-0.104 (0.592) R-9.5 (1.7) C.I.
Walls, Below-Grade C-0.119 (0.678) R-7.5 (1.3) C.I. C-1.14 (6.473) NR
Floors
Mass U-0.087 (0.496) R-8.3 (1.5) C.I. U-0.137 (0.780) R-4.2 (0.7) C.I.Steel-Joist U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3)
Wood-Framed and Other U-0.033 (0.188) R-30.0 (5.3) U-0.051 (0.288) R-19.0 (3.3)
Slab-On-Grade-Floors F-0.520 (0.90) R-15 (2.6) for 24 in (60 cm) F-0.73 (1.263) NR
Opague DoorsAll Assemblies U-0.5 (2.839) U-0.5 (2.839)
Fenestration Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC
Vertical Glazing, 0%-30% of WallAll Assemblies U-0.47 (2.668) SHGC-0.25 U-0.65 (3.695) NR
Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof0%-3.0% all types U-0.75 (4.259) SHGC-0.35 U-1.8 (10.22) SHGC-0.35
Residential Conditioned Residential Unconditioned
Opaque Elements
OR
6.) Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
• New Buildings• Additions to Existing Buildings• Alterations to Ventilating and Air-Conditioning in
Existing Building• Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling
Requirements• Minimum Equipment Ventilation and Air
Conditioning System Construction and Insulation
Equipment Type (a)
Size Category (IP)
Size Category (SI)
Heating Section Type
Sub-Category or Rating Condition
(IP) Cooling Efficiency
(SI) Cooling Efficiency
Test Conditions
Test Procedure
<65,000 Btu/h <19 kW 7.23 EER or > 1.66 kW/ton or < ARI 210/240
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000Btu/h
≥19 kW and
<40 kW7.06 EER or > 1.70 kW/ton or
<
≥135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h
≥40 kW and
<70 kW7.06 EER or > 1.70 kW/ton or
<
≥240,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h
≥70 kW and
<223 kW6.52 EER or > 1.84 kW/ton or
<
≥760,000 Btu/h ≥223 kW 6.22 EER or > 1.93 kW/ton or <
Through-the-Wall, Air Cooled ≤30,000 Btu/h ≤8.8 kW 6.67 EER or > 1.80 kW/ton or
<Small Duct, High-Velocity, Air Cooled
<65,000 Btu/h <19 kWSplit
Systems 6.67 EER or > 1.80 kW/ton or <
TABLE 6.4 Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, and Packaged Units - Efficiency Requirements
a - All units shall operate continously at 125F (52C).
ARI 210/240
ARI 340/360
Electric Resistance (or None)
Split System
and Single Package
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled
118.4/80/67 F (IP)
48/26.6/19.4 C (SI)
40
45
50
55
60
65
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Capacity vs. Outdoor Temperature
Outdoor Temperature - F
Uni
t Cap
acity
-B
tu/h
(000
s)
Air Conditioner System Performance
Air Conditioner System Performance
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Power vs. Outdoor Temperature
Outdoor Temperature - F
Uni
t Pow
er-k
W
Air Conditioner System Performance
6
8
10
12
14
16
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
EER vs. Outdoor TemperatureU
nit
EE
R-B
tu/W
hr
Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
kW/ton vs. Outdoor Temperature
Outdoor Temperature - F
Uni
tP
erfo
rman
ce -
kW/to
n
7.) Indoor Environmental Quality
• Whole-Building Ventilation• Local Exhaust• Minimum Filtration• Air-Moving Equipment• Noise Level
8.) Lighting
Installed Interior Lighting Power
9.) Climatic Data
• Geographical Data• Extreme Recorded Conditions• Design Conditions
House / AC Unit Performance
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575
Outdoor TemperatureIndoor Temperature
am Time of Day pm
Hea
t Flo
w -
Wat
ts
Tem
pera
ture
-C
House / AC Unit Performance
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575
Outdoor TemperatureA/C Unit CapacityIndoor Temperature
am Time of Day pm
Hea
t Flo
w -
Wat
ts
Tem
pera
ture
-C
House / AC Unit Performance
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575
Outdoor TemperatureHouse LoadIndoor Temperature
am Time of Day pm
Hea
t Flo
w -
Wat
ts
Tem
pera
ture
-C
House / AC Unit Performance
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575
Outdoor TemperatureHouse LoadA/C Unit CapacityIndoor Temperature
am Time of Day pm
Hea
t Flo
w -
Wat
ts
Tem
pera
ture
-C
Questions/Discussion