assessing the geographic resolution of exhaustive tabulation for...
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Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
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Assessing the geographic resolution ofexhaustive tabulation for geolocating
Internet hosts
S. Siwpersad, S. Uhlig
Delft University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
B. Gueye
Universite de LiegeBelgium
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OUTLINE 2
Agenda
• Introduction• Database-driven IP geolocation• Measurement-based IP geolocation• Geographic resolution of databases• Conclusions
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PART I - INTRODUCTION 3
Introduction
• GPS-based geolocation• Satellite information• Exact location
• IP geolocation• Round trip time• Inferred location
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OUTLINE 4
Agenda
• Introduction• Database-driven IP geolocation• Measurement-based IP geolocation• Geographic resolution of databases• Conclusions
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PART II - DATABASES 5
Structure of databases
• IP blocks• Geographic location names• Geographic coordinates• Additional information
• Example of database records:
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PART II - DATABASES 6
Information sources for databases
• DNS:• Whois:
• User submitted information
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Commercial geolocation databases
• Maxmind• 110 thousand cities• 3 million IP blocks (74% city-level, 4% country-level)
• 2 billion IP addresses
• Hexasoft• 15 thousand cities• 5 million IP blocks (67% city-level, 33% country-level)
• 4 billion IP addresses
PART II - DATABASES 7
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Span of a city- or country name
PART II - DATABASES 8
DELFTTO
ROTTERDAM
AMSTERDAMTO
MILAN
LOSANGELES
TONEW YORK
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Size of the largest cities
PART II - DATABASES 9
NEW YORK
BERLIN
ROTTERDAM
DUBLIN
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Size of countries
PART II - DATABASES 10
NETHERLANDS
TURKEY
VATICAN CITY
USA
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Differences between the databases
PART II -DATABASES 11ROTTERDAM
TOANTWERP
LOSANGELES
TONEW YORK
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Drawbacks of databases
• Staleness of the location information• Incompleteness of the records within databases• Uncertainty on the used sources and methodology• Coarse granularity of the region• Discrete solution space
PART II - DATABASES 12
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Advantages of databases
• Easy deployment• Fast lookups• Resource inexpensive• Suited for typical applications• Reasonably priced
PART II - DATABASES 13
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OUTLINE 14
Agenda
• Introduction• Database-driven IP geolocation• Measurement-based IP geolocation• Geographic resolution of databases• Conclusions
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Constraint-based geolocation
PART III - MEASUREMENTS 15
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Area of the confidence region
PART III - MEASUREMENTS 16
MALTA PORTUGAL USA
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Limitations of measurements
• Relies on replies from probing• Costly in terms of time and network resources• Unwanted distortions inherent to measurements
PART III - MEASUREMENTS 17
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Advantages of measurements
• Up-to-date location information• Higher accuracy and finer granularity• Confidence on area or location estimate• Continuous solution space
PART III - MEASUREMENTS 18
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OUTLINE 19
Presentation outline
• Introduction• Database-driven IP geolocation• Measurement-based IP geolocation• Geographic resolution of databases• Conclusions
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Absolute resolution of databases
PART IV – RESOLUTION 20
WITHIN CONFIDENCE REGION OUTSIDE CONFIDENCE REGION
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Relative resolution of databases
PART IV – RESOLUTION 21
OUTSIDE CONFIDENCE REGIONWITHIN CONFIDENCE REGION
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OUTLINE 22
Presentation Outline
• Introduction• Database-driven IP geolocation• Measurement-based IP geolocation• Investigation on the resolution of databases• Conclusions
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Conclusions
• Databases need improvements:• more complete records• meta-data about methodology
• Measurements are not always possible, but desirablefor better confidence, precision and validation
• Resolution of databases with respect to CBG is poor
PART V - CONCLUSION 23
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PART V - CONCLUSION 24
Future work
• Investigate the quality of the information used fordatabases
• Add information in databases records (e.g.confidence)
• Automated IP geolocation method selection (active vs.passive)