assessment of sex ratio (0-6 yrs.) & perceptions on pcpndt akhilesh bhargava director-sihfw,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) &
Perceptions on PCPNDT
Akhilesh Bhargava
Director-SIHFW, Jaipur
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Sex Ratio Country Sex RatioIndia 933
China 944
USA 1029
Indonesia 1004
Brazil 1025
Pakistan 938
Bangladesh 951
Japan 1041
Russian Fed. 1140
Source:World Pop. Prospects, mid year estimates, 1998
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Sex Ratio: IndiaYear No. of Females1901 972
1911 9641921 955
1931 9501941 945
1951 9461961 941
1971 9301981 934
1991 9272001 933
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Sex Ratio: India (1901-2001)
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Child Sex Ratio(0-6), 2001, Rajasthan
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Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males)
Total Population Child population in the age group 0-6
Population aged 7 and above
1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001
India 927 933 945 927 923 935
Rajasthan 910 922 916 909 908 925
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Study on Sex Ratio assessment
& Awareness on PCPNDT Act
Conducted by:
SIHFW, Jaipur
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Sample size:
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Respondents
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Respondents:2850
• Pvt. clinics : 26• District level : 130• Health. Workers: 226
• ANM : 40• ASHA : 58• AWW : 78 • LHV : 7
• Med. Officers : 78• Govt. : 52• Private : 26
• PRI : 43
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Observations
• District Authorities• Collector • SP• RCHO• CMO• PMO• BDO• BPM
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Areas with low sex Ratio
• 26.3% unaware• 26 % said ratio has increased• 47.4 % affirmed increase
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Reasons: Increase/ Decrease
Increase• Preference for Boys :68%
Decrease• Govt. schemes for Girls :33%
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Knowledge of penalty on misuse of technique in PCPNDT Act
N=130
• Penalty • For Providers :74 -88 %• For Users :60-66 %
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Misuse : Whose Responsibility
60 % of Dist. Authorities hold
• Medical Officers Pregnant woman +• Motivator, and • Husband / R elative
Responsible for Misuse of Technique
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Reasons for using USG
Indications:• Detection of Cong. Anomalies :82%• H/o Multiple Abortions :53%
Contraindications:• Sex Determination :80%
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Observations
Health Workers(N-183)• LHV• ANM• ASHA• AWW
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• Understanding of referral Criteria: 65-87%• Bleeding• Delay in Delivery• Placenta expulsion delayed
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• Enquiry by Pregnant Woman on • Sex determination centre
» ANM :87%» ASHA :100%» LHV :67%
• Response to query • Illegal
» ANM :86%» ASHA :87%» AWW :87%
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• Awareness on Declining Sex Ratio: 81%• ANM :90%• ASHA :75%• PRI :91%
• Responsibility • Society :50%• Woman :28%; 5-10% accuse Doctors
• Reasons:• Extension :96%• Economic : 80%• Religious :63%
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Consequences of declining Sex Ratio:Health workers feel
• Gender Imbalance : 96%• Gender violence/ Crime : 82%
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Reasons for female feticide
• Male :85• Dowry :70%• Misuse of technique:60-80%
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Awareness of Act
• Act-80% Aware (AWW-65%)• Appropriate Authority- reasonable understanding • Undergoing sex determination is punishable
• ANM- :95%• ASHA :93%• AWW :93%• LHV :100%• PRI :97%
A healthy Reflection of awareness
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• Community perception
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Distribution of Respondents by Sex
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Age, sex and urban: Rural differential
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% of 0-6yr. Children in area2850 Houses, M-2432, F-2276, SR-935
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Preference of pregnancy outcome
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USG & Pregnancy
• Undergone USG :20.1% • Who asked :Doctor (53.2%)• Where :Govt. facility (52 %)
:Private (20%)• Why
• Abnormality :2.6 %• Fetal position :15.6 %• Age 35+ : 6.5 %• Sex Determination : 26 %
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Sex and age of Urban/ Rural respondents
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Societal perceptions and some healthy observations-male respondents
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Societal perceptions and some healthy observations-Female respondents
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Why are preferred
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Desire to have Male child and efforts made
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Some more Observations
• Rural /Urban, Male/ Female : • Aware of Sex Detection – Illegal (R -81,U-
90%)• Aware of PCPNDT - (R-50, U-60%)
• USG after 2/3 Girls • Rural - Male/female 15%• Urban – Male-20% /Female-18.07%
• Gender imbalance leads to Sexual crimes• M/F, R/U 66-74%
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Medical Officers on PCPNDT
• Awareness 100%• Awareness of A/A 85%• Awareness on Penalty 84-90%• Awareness on Committee
• Government 60%• Private 85%
• Reasons for decreasing Sex ratio • Government Society 69%
Doctors 3.8%
• Private Society 54%
Doctors 3.8%
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PCPNDT Act : Some Punctuations
• Availability of Act at the Center • Government 33%• Private 89%
• Display• Government 57.7% • Private 69.2%
• Filling of F Form • Government –PW 7.7%• Private –PW 92.3%
• Record (2 Yrs )• Government 3.8%• Private 34.5%