assigment oumh1203 english for written communication

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA

SEPTEMBER 2011

OUMH1203

ENGLISH for WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

NO. MATRIKULASI : 671230045325001

NO. KAD PENGNEALAN : 671230045325

NO. TELEFON : 0136478910

E-MEL : [email protected]

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : Melaka

OUMH1203 ENGLISH for WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

CONTENT

1. WELCOME SPEECH PAGE 2

2. INTRODUCTION PAGE 3

3. WHAT IS INTERNET? PAGE 4

4. WHY CYBER CRIME SHOULD BE CONTROLLED? PAGE 5

5. CYBER CRIME CLASSIFIED PAGE 6

6. COMPARISON OF CYBER CRIME IN MALAYSIA

AND THE UNITED STATES PAGE 9

7. MyCert INCIDENT STATISTICS

FOR THE YEAR 2011 PAGE PAGE 11

8. HOW TO ADDRESS THE CYBER CRIME? PAGE 14

9. CONCLUSION PAGE 15

10. REFERENCS PAGE 16

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WELCOME SPEECH

Praise God that hath given His permission and strength given then what can I translate

in my heart in the quest for knowledge that is useful for self, family and children. Thanks

also to the wife and children a lot of help and motivating spirit to face the vagaries of long-

distance students. Existing trials pretty much waiting. Commitment to work and family

at this age is challenging. Hopefully that what I wish to get I would pray for the love

of God. Sense of pride when the assigned tasks can be completed even in a state of

considerable press, especially from the existing workload. Time is like gold. Time elapsed

will not be turned back. To complete this task, spare time is at night with snoring

accompanied by beloved children. Wake up till morning to find out all the essence. Thanks to

the progress of time available. The task becomes easier with the internet. Everything is at our

fingertips. Job experiences over twenty years is a lot of help. What is inside poured

back on top of each sheet of this task. Finally, I am confident that the work produced can

yield a very valuable one day. To lecturers and friends that helped, thank spoken. To

the beloved family, may be patient and pray for success and happiness always

appears. You all helped morally and understand the conditions that are encountered.

Thank you.

MOHAMAD SHAWALUDDINNOR B. HJ MD NOR

OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

2011

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INTRODUCTION

What is cyber crime? Before we go much further on the topics discussed, it is better to

discuss first the meaning of cyber crime. Crime means activities such as theft, fraud, forgery,

murder, kidnapping, extortion, smuggling and so on. According to Mr. Donn B. Parker, a

researcher at the cyber crime and security for SRI International in Merlo Park, California,

cyber crime is a behaviours in which they have an intention and is associated with the

computer through any means to cause the victim to suffer or cause suffering, loss, and

continuous . Cyber crime involves all the usual criminal activities like theft, fraud,

extortion and all activities that involve the violation of existing law.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Justice Department to reiterate this definition by stating that

computer crime is any illegal activity in which knowledge of computer technology used to

make it happen. However, there is some different definitions of cyber crime in certain

countries. For the Muslim countries, gambling, pornography, advertising, sex is a

crime but not for most countries, especially in the western block.

For example, in England, matters that related to pornography were taken for granted.

Those involved with child pornography are considered to be criminals.

Countries in the western block focusing on security, trade and economy of their countries.

Various laws related to safety and commerce developed, such as 'trademark law', 'copyright

law', the law relating to 'hackers' and the spread of the virus and so on. Due to different

definitions of cyber crime, it is difficult for enforcement of cyber laws. In this

context, Malaysia is involved in internet usage agreements that are not refined to allow this

crime. However, due to the crime has caused great chaos, death, and significant losses,

then almost every country in the world to draft their own laws to address the problem

of cyber crime and to impose capital punishment to those involved.

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WHAT IS INTERNET?

Internet refers to the network constructed by connecting multiple computers,

thousands or millions of computers to each other via the global telephone lines and satellite.

Internet is the two main types of communication services and information retrieval. In terms

of consumption, it is a network that provides electronic communication services, remote

access file services, dissemination of information, locating information and several other

services. From the application is built various types of alternative services to facilitate various

transactions such as electronic commerce, electronic banking and the Internet, and

advertising.

When the advent of the internet as a communication tool to date, how to disseminate

information more easily, fast, simple, and saves time. The information disseminated

throughout the world with no boundaries of time cause no one is able to control the passage

of information in cyberspace. Millions of websites have been built with all kinds of

information, ideas, ideology, propaganda and pornography are also disseminated through

the internet. Therefore this dissemination occurred independently, then the

feelings of fear and security administrators in some countries that has to be negative about

the freedom of speech, thought and felt that their citizens. They use this cyberspace to

communicate their opinions to the world. Internet has surpassed all existing means of

communication. Formerly a radio and television are important media tools to

spread information. But not now, radio and television are one way media interactive not

like the Internet. This was done to facilitate the effective control of information. Delivery of

information through radio and television and print materials can be controlled. Many

countries have allocated the law to regulate broadcasting and publishing the

materials of these media. All publications in Malaysia require a valid permit or license, such

as the Printing, Newspaper and Publications Act 1984, the Broadcasting Act 1988, the

Sedition Act 1948, the Official Secrets Act 1972. This license permits and limiting

information that can be printed, disseminated, or distributed to the public.

Traditional media is restricted by geographic limitations. Dissemination of books,

magazines, newspapers have to cost, manpower, infrastructure and transportation. All this

factors limit the dissemination of information and at the same time facilitate the control or

filtering information. Existing media is very different from the internet because the

internet is a platform that provides information from the millions of consumers and

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researchers or researchers from around the world. A person may disseminate information,

communicate and interact with others who are thousands of miles away.

WHY CYBER CRIME SHOULD BE CONTROLLED?

Each user developed and developing countries around the world have adopted

the control and supervision of all media and printed materials. Since the growing

sophistication of internet use and easily accessible, it is necessary, it is also regulated

and supervised, such as printed materials and other media. Is the internet will also pose a

threat to certain parties? In Malaysia, the government has taken positive steps to not censor

cyberspace. This is enshrined in the bill guarantees promised by the government of Malaysia

with companies Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). Section 3 (3) of the Communications and

Multimedia Act 1998 also declares that none of the provisions under the Act which allows

any censorship of information occurs. This principle is based on the control information will

only produce negative effects on the development of communication technology through the

Internet.

But this case is different in some countries that stand firm and aggressive, such

as Cuba and China, who practice censorship in total or partial information. They

think, not all advances in technology can be fully accepted. Some Internet content

could threaten their ideology to the population. They still want to stay with the

pattern of government and the lives that have been adopted in which the ideology of

the rule continued with little transparency. They prefer their people passive, blind and

not savvy to the world's information and recent developments.

A little openness is admission is just technology-related information public facilities,

transportation, household and agricultural needs. There are still many countries that

moderation and censorship committed only information which may damage the public

mind. The existing freedom of speech should not be abused. If opposition parties or spread

false information, defamatory or ideologically opposed through the Internet, the government

considers it is not a serious threat. The Government will respond in a similar manner to the

user. The Government will increase public knowledge and spread the word of truth in print or

on television are usually controlled by the government. In this way, people will be able to

consider the truth of the information.

Who are the cyber criminals? What crimes? Where a crime is committed? These

answers are hard to come by because the perpetrator is anywhere in the world and they

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can move freely all over the world because of the widespread use of Internet around the

world. Ordinary criminals can be identified by physical and equipment can be seen. Cyber

crime and only use the internet seems to be in the universe. Their identity always

change. According to Michael A Vatis from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),

United States, a major problem to distinguish cyber threats to the physical threat is to

determine who attacked the system, why, how, and where. Generally, cyber

criminals are the ones who are well versed in computer technology and network

systems. They are professional criminals. It may be there next to us, doctors, friends,

professors, or anyone else. They will attack their own institutions, competitor institutions,

hired by certain parties, hobby or try something new and see the atmosphere of uncertainty.

Business organization may be the target of competitors, employees or former

employees. Banks and financial institutions being targeted professional robbers and

criminals. While the university will be the target of students or former

students. Government agencies are likely to be targets of terrorists and traitors. Military

computer may be hijacked. Sometimes the laws designed to curb cyber crime can’t do

anything like what happened in the United States. Sophisticated technology and

pioneer of computer systems, until now failed to detect the tragedy of 11 September

attack planning. During the September 11 attacks, the 19 aircraft hijackers entered

the United States with a valid visa. They respect as other users via telephone and

internet. They planned the attack on the World Trade Centre, New York and the Pentagon

building in Washington. United States received a big misfortune and shame based on its

technological expertise.

Cyber crime occurs in various forms, objects and situations. What kind of computer

usage will always be dealing with cyber crime activities. Users will become victims or

manipulated by criminals or both. Input operations, data processing, output and data

communications operations will be used by criminals for the purpose of thoroughly

unhealthy. Cyber crime can be classified into: -

CYBER CRIME CLASSIFIED

1. Fraud: - This type of cyber crime is the same as what happens in the real world, just the

way behavior is through the internet. Crime is done solely to make money from the victim by

means of easy and difficult to detect. The frequency of identity fraud occurs is via e-mail

where the user is required to enter personal information, supposedly the bank to update the

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data users. In fact, they steal user information to enter the banking website using another

person's identity. E-mail is questionable and is known as “spam e-mail”. Consumers are

often fooled because the e-mail sent will be linked to websites that resemble the real website.

From information obtained, a personal declaration to be invaded and caused consumers to

lose money in the account. In addition to identity fraud, other frauds are often

committed in the sale of products and services activities. Users who are interested in the

products with a variety of nice words and praise the user will make a payment by internet

banking to transfer money or use credit cards. After payment is made. Products

purchased but not received as promised website products are sometimes no longer exists.

According to an article in Anjung pc.com, an estimated 90 billion e-mail spam sent every day

and 20% of which is related to product sales. E-mail spam is not good often contain words

such as obscenities, sex, sweepstakes, giving gifts of money and also offer unreasonable. E-

mail to spam is the most dangerous fraud. As a result of the impact of e-

mail fraud is causing loss of property and dignity, and also can cause loss of life.

2. Damage or modifications to the program or computer data: - Activities or software

developed to do things that are not desired on a computer system, network operating systems,

applications or information stored. In other words it is dangerous software which can cause

aggression and modifications to the network or computer systems and

trespassing stored information leading to damage systems or information. Events that had

occurred was recently in Malaysia where the hacker has to do the cyber attacks against

government websites have a big impact on the information technology systems. This site is

not accessible as usual. Many online business cannot be done, stop and interrupted. It causes

panic for a while to internet users.

3. Theft of information: - Creating a common cybercrime in which user information is taken

and used for impersonation, extortion, fraud and others. Examples of common theft is

through spyware software, cyber criminals to steal data from infected computers such as

Internet search trends and confidential information without the knowledge and consent of the

user. Examples of events that had happened was in Tokyo, May 3, 2011, in which the

Company SONY has been hacked and the criminals have stolen data from 25 million users of

their computer game system, www.soe.com (SONY Online Entertainment).

4. Unauthorized access to the system: - One of them is the 'Root Hits' in which they access

the administrator or "root access" to a computer network. The main activities performed by

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this software is the installation of 'backdoor' invasion of the log file, or observations on all

activities undertaken by a computer it infects. Steal data, record the movement of a computer

keyboard and mouse, and steal internet users to find traces of confidential information such

as account names, account numbers, passwords and so on.

5. Copying software illegally: - Software that is better known by the word 'piracy'. This

software is copied and modified for use by hackers to obtain information or use the

software to earn money many times over without the permission of the manufacturer.

Usually the software is copied illegally is not linked with automatic updating system.

Software "piracy" cannot be updated or repaired online.

6. Espionage: - Cyber Crimes are frequently associated with security and military to obtain

weapons and military technologies. The threat of computer hackers usually can be done by

professionals, intelligence agencies, organized crime, the investigation agency, part-

timemedia and political extremists. The purpose of the criminal wiretaps were used to

blackmail, war crimes, buying illegal weapons or modify the stolen technology. Top anti-

terrorism adviser White House, John Brennan warned that espionage by foreign

governments, individuals or certain groups either hackers or terrorist organizations are very

complex and very complicated. United States House of representatives approved a bill

designed to protect Internet and computer networks by funding research and training in cyber

security.

7. Cyber gambling: - Gambling is conducted in the Internet from all over the world. Betting

and payments made online or using the middle man as in the cyber café

that running illegal Internet gambling. Cyber gambling is also involved with the creation of

sports betting conducted by the 'bookie' local or international. Events like that are

often involved in these cyber-betting and gambling is football. Many consumers are in debt,

especially those who borrow money from illegal loan sharks or 'along'.

8. Get rich quick scheme: - According to Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia that get rich quick

scheme is a scheme in which a sum of money be deposited or invested to the organizers

promise get rich quick scheme and provided that the deposit will be returned back with

interest or profits higher than what is offered by licensed financial institutions. There are

many types of get rich quick schemes that exist, such as pyramid schemes, Ponzi schemes

and in Malaysia, the Pak Man Telo. At the start of the scheme, the organizers using the

deposit money received to pay the principal of the return or the previous depositors.

8


Organizer of this rich quick schemes are not investing deposits received into the investmentor

profitable enterprises of the same or higher. As such, they cannot continue to bear the

high return of payments to existing investors. If no new depositors received, the scheme is

revoked. It will fail and the investors and depositors will lose their money.

9. Pornography: - A lot of cyber crimes undermine the moral and social youths in Malaysia.

Significant threat to the frequent occurrence of free sex, abandoned babies, children out of

wedlock, prostitution, incest, rape and violation. Showing pornography that sometimes

appear automatically in the website is accessed or viewed, and often a small link in a

certain web sites. This cyber crime have a big impact in the lives and culture of Malaysians,

especially Muslims.

10. Internet hackers: - Hacker is a person to create and modify computer software and

hardware, including computer programming, administration, and safety-related matters. The

term is usually carried connotations reliable but can be good or bad, depending on cultural

context.

11. Spread of the virus: - Viruses are malicious code that spread aggressively attack by

infecting other files or programs in a specific host. The activation of this virus requires

human interaction as users of the system before it can act to damage a computer system

that successfully invaded. Spread of the virus from one host to another host can not happen

without interaction from users of the system and also through the sharing of external data

storage devices.

COMPARISON OF CYBER CRIME IN MALAYSIA AND THE UNITED STATES

Malaysia to adopt democracy and an Islamic state to adopt civil law and sharia law for

Muslim people. Awareness of cyber crime often spread to people through the mass media

because of its detrimental effects that could threaten the individual, religion, society and

nation. In the U.S. they are very different way of life even adopt a similar pattern of

government. Their social life more independent of Malaysia. The threat of cyber crime

in the United States deemed to occur if they threaten the safety of

individuals and countries, but not to the social and community life.

In Malaysia, cyber crime cases will be handled by CyberSecurity Malaysia an

agency under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI). CyberSecurity

Malaysia chief executive officer, Lt. Col (R) Professor Dato 'Husin Jazri said, Cyber

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Forensics is commonly used to refer to Digital Forensics. It is a scientific application

in the examination and analysis done on the digital storage of materials involved in

criminal or civil investigations. Users who lack knowledge of computer systems at high

risk of falling prey to computer crimes. CyberSecurity Malaysia's role is to provide

technical assistance to local authorities in carrying out the analysis of digital evidence such

as computers, mobile phones, cameras, games player, digital music devices and digital

equipment related portable computers.

In the Utusan Malaysia newspaper, dated July 25, 2008, an article issued in Penang

by Lee Boon Hooi said, of 6.167 cases of Internet fraud involving RM63 million

losses reported in Malaysia last year. Increased 4 times in 4 years from 2007 to only

1.139 cases recorded losses of RM11.4 million. According to a statement by the

Internet Crimes Unit, Criminal Investigation Division and Multimedia Cyber, Commercial

Crime Investigation Department in Bukit Aman, Deputy Superintendent Abdul Majid

Record when presenting a paper during the seminar on the theme of

International Industrial Technology in Crime and Loss Prevention. Frequent cyber crime is

in internet banking, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) and e-commerce. This cyber

crime involving fraud in an attempt to obtain personal information such as usernames,

account numbers, personal identification numbers, passwords and credit card details to

masquerade as a trusted entities through electronic communications.

10


MyCERT INCIDENT STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 2011

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12


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Cyber crime cases in the United States is similar to what happened in Malaysia. Significant

difference is the pattern of life there are more open with a social system that is free. Norton

survey report, consumers in the United States was ranked No. 3 is 73% of cyber-crime

victims from around the world. Reported cyber crime is difficult because sometimes the

case involved no firm evidence. Chief Cyber Security Counsel Adam Palmer Norton

stated that many consumers in the United States failed to report and covers the activities of

cybercriminals.

HOW TO ADDRESS THE CYBER CRIME?

There are a number of proposals have been issued to deal with cyber crimes are:

a) Control and censor the entry relating to pornographic websites.

b) Government should formulate originally Malaysia Communications and Multimedia

14


Act1998, Section 3 (3) in which the information in the internet which have negative

effects filtered.

c) To formulate the Bill of Guarantees to MSC status foreign investors that Internet

censorship should be done. Objectives and purposes of information only real

INVESTMENT can be brought in via the internet,

d) Increase the security level information based on development of current technology.

e) To increase awareness among consumers about the ethical use of computers.

f) Increase the number of experts in the field of computer security by opening

more education and job opportunities in these areas.

g) To formulate cyber crime laws are more strict and efficient with

assistance of computer forensic experts in the investigation.

h) International cooperation to combat cyber criminals, such as sharing information and

expertise.

CONCLUSION

Developments in ICT there will be no end if we look at how it began. Any time there is

discovery and innovation in computer technology equipment or software either. Similarly,

the crime is also growing cyber current trend for a specific individual requirements that are

beyond control. What needs to be actually the consciousness of every individual and

Internet users to always practice ethics in everyday life and always ready to deal with bad

elements who want to take the easy way and make money immediately. Online safety must

be increased just as we love ourselves. The effect of these cyber crimes that are generally not

seen as a physical but a great effect if it is allowed to occur without strict control.

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REFERENCE

1. http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/penjenayahsiber

2. http://www.CyberSecurity.my

3. http://utusan.com.my/search.asp?stype=kw&stv=jenayah+siber

4. http://hmetro.com.my/r?searchterm=jenayah+siber@carian=cari

5. http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/vs/bm/searchindex.php?terms=jenayah

%20siber

6. http://www.fbi.gov

7. http://www.cia.gov

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http://www.cia.gov/

http://www.fbi.gov/

http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/vs/bm/searchindex.php?terms=jenayah%20siber

http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/vs/bm/searchindex.php?terms=jenayah%20siber

http://hmetro.com.my/r?searchterm=jenayah+siber@carian=cari

http://www.CyberSecurity.my/

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/penjenayahsiber

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