assignmnet schedule waste.docx

8/10/2019 assignmnet schedule waste.docx

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1 ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULED WASTE

Table of Contents

1.0 DEFINITIONS OF SCHEDULED WASTE .................................................................................

2.0 HOW TO TRANSPORTS THE SCHEDULED WASTE .............................................................

3.0 COLLECTION PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................

3.1 Consignment note ...........................................................................................................................

3.2 Waste Packaging and Labelling .....................................................................................................

3.2.1 Packaging....................................................................................................................................

3.2.2 Labelling .....................................................................................................................................

4.0 TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................... 1

Chemical Methods................................................................................................................................... 1

Thermal Method ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Biological Methods ................................................................................................................................. 1

Physical Methods .................................................................................................................................... 1

5.0 DISPOSAL ........................................................................................................................................ 1

6.0 RECYCLING AND RECOVERY .................................................................................................... 1

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.0 DEFINITIONS OF SCHEDULED WASTE


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Section 2 of Environmental Quality Regulations 2005 has defined scheduled wastes is any waste

falling within the categories of waste listed in the First Schedule. Scheduled waste also is any wastes

that possess hazardous characteristics and have the potential to adversely affect to the public health and

environment.

There are 77 types of scheduled wastes listed under First Schedule of Environmental Quality (Schedule

Wastes) Regulations 2005 and the management of wastes shall be in accordance with the provisions o

the above Regulations. There are dividing into 5 categories which are:

i. SW 1: Metal and metal-bearing wastes (10 types of scheduled wastes);

ii. SW 2: Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents which may contain metals and organ

materials (7 types of scheduled wastes);

iii.

SW 3: Wastes containing principally organic constituents which may contain metals and inorgan

materials (27 types of scheduled wastes);

iv. SW 4: Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents (32 types of schedule

wastes)

v. SW 5: Other wastes (1 type of scheduled waste)

2.0 HOW TO TRANSPORTS THE SCHEDULED WASTE

2.1 Transport vehicles

Land transport of oily liquid wasteIt is important to minimize the amount of water required to be transported. This may be achieved in

temporary storage pit by skimming the surface of the pit (provided the oil has not emulsified) using

a skimmer and transferring the collected oil into another storage container. To avoid the formation of

finely dispersed droplets (as is the case with emulsion), it is important to avoid or minimize the

pumping of mixtures of oil and water before gravity separation occurs.

Land transport of oily solid waste

Conventional vehicles for moving solids are generally suitable for transporting oily solid waste.

However, attention should be given to the prevention of spillage or seepage from the vehicle(perhap

due to reduced viscosity from exposure to sunlight or an increase in ambient temperature) by the us

of suitable oil impervious sheeting. Waste should be covered to avoid any overflow during rai

events.

Hazardous waste transportation can be carried out by road, railways or vessel

Transporter is required to provide documentation attesting that these vehicles meet the require

specification and are suitable for transporting the types of hazardous waste designated in the license

Hazardous waste is generally transported by truck over public highways. Highway shipment is th
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/606963/truckhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/606963/truck


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most common because road vehicles can gain access to most industrial sites and approved facilit

disposal. Railroad trains require expensive siding facilities and are suitable only for very large wast

shipments.

Hazardous wastes can be shipped in tank trucks made of steel or aluminum alloy, with capacities u

to about 34,000 litres (9,000 gallons). They also can be containerized and shipped in 200-litre (55

gallon) drums. Specifications and standards for cargo tank trucks and shipping containers are include

in governmental regulations. Only a very small amount is transported by rail, and almost none i

moved by air or inland waterway.

Figure 1: Example of transport vehicles

3.0 COLLECTION PROCEDURE

3.1 Consignment note

A consignment note is a paper or electronic document that records the details of hazardous was

when it moves from one site to another. Any person or business involved in producing, storing

moving, recovering or disposing of hazardous waste must fill in the parts of the consignment not

that link to their responsibilities.

SIXTH SCHEDULE

(Regulation 12)

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974


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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (SCHEDULED WASTES)

REGULATIONS 2005

CONSIGNMENT NOTE FOR SCHEDULED WASTE

I WASTE GENERATOR Fail Reference No:

For office use only

Waste Generator Code:

State Code:

Name of Waste Generator: .......

Address: ....

Name of Responsible Person: ...

Tel. No: Fax. No: . Telex No: ....

Name of Waste: . Waste Category Code:

Waste Component:

Waste Origin: . Waste Origin Code:

Type of Waste:

Solid Sludge Liquid

Waste Pallet Canister 55 gallonPackaging: Container Drum

Other (Specify)


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Quantity: And If

PossibleMetric Tonnes m3

Cost of Treatment and Disposal RM../Metric Tonne

Name and Address of Final Destination:

Delivery Date: Signature of Responsible Person:

Delivery Time:

II CONTRACTOR

Contractor Code:

For office use only

State Code:

Name of Contractor: .....

Address: ....

Name of Responsible Person:

Tel. No: . Fax. No: . Telex No: ..

Vehicle Registration No:

...

Name of Driver:

Temporary

Storage: No Yes, Address: .

Date Received: Signature of Driver: .

Time Received :


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3.2 Waste Packaging and Labelling

Under the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005, the

requirements for hazardous waste management include proper packaging and labeling of

hazardous waste.

3.2.1 Packaging

General Requirement

Containers to be resistant to the contents

All part of the container should be resistant to any chemical, and the material of the

container must not be liable to any reaction with the contents so as to form any dangerous

product.

Containers should be in good condition

All the container use should be in good condition and free from the corrosion, damage

and any defects. Before a container is used for packing chemical waste, a waste producer

should carry out visual inspection of both the outside and inside of the container to

determine its condition.

Containers to be securely closed

Every container of chemical waste should be securely closed or sealed, correctly placed

and kept clean.

No mixing of incompatible wastes in a container

For packing different types of waste should be used separate containers to minimize the

danger of mixing incompatible waste and avoid complications during waste treatment

Sufficient air space in containers when storing liquid wastes

Generally 100 mm air space should be allowed between the top of the container and the

level of the liquid contents.


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Types of containers and types of waste

Liquid organic/inorganic waste

Use bunghole drum (steel/plastic) or plastic pallet tank with stopper

Solid waste and empty contaminated container

Open top drums (steel/plastic) with covers and clamp can be used Dry solid waste and contaminated rags

One-tonne Polypropelene (PP) bags.

Pharmaceutical and laboratory waste

Open top drums (steel/plastic) with covers and clamp can be used

Standard Packaging

Packaging Specifications

Bunghole drum (steel/plastic) forliquid waste

Maximum dimension: Height= 90cm

Diameter= 60 cmDrums not be filled more than 90%The maximum weight is not more than 200kg

Open top drums with and clamp for

solid waste

Maximum dimension: Height= 90cm

Diameter= 60 cm

Drums not be filled more than 10 cm from the top

One-tonne Polypropelene (PP) bags

Must be double linedBags should not be filled more than 10 cm from the

top

Pallet

The pallet size 120 cm x 120cm

The number of container :Drum- 4 drums per palletPP bag-One bag per pallet

Figure 1: Example of Packaging (drum on pallet)


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3.2.2 Labelling

1. Information to be included in the label for scheduled wastes containers:

The date when the scheduled waste are first generated

Name of waste generator

Address and telephone number of the waste generator

2. Containers of scheduled wastes shall be clearly labelled in accordance with the types

applicable to them as specified in the Third Schedule and marked with the scheduled

waste code as specified in the First Schedule for identification and warning purposes.

3. The characteristic label shall be a square set at an angle of 45 degrees and the dimension

shall not be less that 10 cm by 10 cm except where the size of the container or package

warrants for a label of smaller size. Examples of waste characteristic labels are as shown

in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Example of Waste Characteristic label

4. The labels shall be divided into halves, the upper half of the label shall be reserved for the

pictorial symbol (characteristic label) and the lower half for text printed. The text shall be

printed in black on all labels. The colour used on the characteristic labels shall be in

accordance with British Standard BS 381 C, colours for specific purposes.

5. There are type of the label:

(a) Stick on;

(b) Metal plates;(c) Stencilled on the container; or

(d) Printed on the container.

6. All labels shall be able to withstand open weather exposure without a substantialreduction in effectiveness.

7. Label shall be placed on a background of contrasting colour.


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Figure 3: Example how to label the scheduled waste container

Figure 4: Example of label for scheduled wastes


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Labeling Requirement for Scheduled Wastes

Warning Label Classification Warning Label Classification

EXPLOSIVE

SUBSTANCES

ORGANIC PEROXIDES

INFLAMMABLE

LIQUIDSTOXIC SUBSTANCES

INFLAMMABLELIQUIDS

INFECTIOUSSUBSTANCES

SOLID:SPONTANEOUSLY

COMBUSTIBLE

CORROSIVESUBSTANCES

SOLID:DANGEROUSWHEN WET

MIXTURE OF

MISCELLANEOUSDANGEROUS

SUBSTANCES

OXIDIZING

SUBSTANCES


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4.0 TREATMENT

The purpose of treating hazardous waste is to convert it into nonhazardous substances or to

stabilize the waste so that it will not migrate and present a hazard when released into theenvironment. The selection of a treatment process for a waste stream depends on among other

factors the nature of the waste, desired characteristics of the output stream. Hazardous waste can

be treated by chemical, thermal, biological, and physical methods.

Chemical Methods

Oxidation and reduction

Oxidation is a reaction in which valence increases from a loss of electrons.

Example: CN

-

+ OCI

-

OCN

-

+ Cl

-

Reduction is a reaction in which valence decreases from a gain of electrons.

Example: 2 NO3+ 10 e

+ 12 H

+N2+ 6 H2O

Chemical reactions that involve both oxidation and reduction are known as redox reactions.

Precipitation

This technique is particularly useful to convert hazardous heavy metal to a less mobile, insoluble

form prior to disposal to a landfill.

For example:

Carbonate ion hydrolyses in water to give hydroxide ionCr

3++ 3(OH

-) Cr (OH)3

Neutralisation

The acid and base react to form salt and water.

When the waste has pH less than 2 or more than 12.5, it is categories as corrosive. Acidic wastes

are neutralised with slaked lime [Ca(OH)] or caustic soda (NaOH) in a continuoulsy stirred

chemical reactor with a pH sensor to control the lime feed rate. Lime is least expensive and is

widely used for treating acidic wastes.

Example: Ca(OH)2+ H2CO3 CaCO3+ 2 HOH

Alkaline wastes may be neutralised by adding sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. Alkaline wastes

can also be neutralised by bubbling gaseous carbon dioxide forming carbonic acid. The

advantage of CO is that it is often readily available in the exhaust gas from any combustion

process at the treatment site.

Example: Mg(OH)2+ HCl MgCl2+ HOH


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Thermal Method

The treatment processes which involve the application of heat to convert the waste into less

hazardous. Incineration is one of the common treatment technologies in hazardous wastes

management.The figure below illustrates the processes involved in incineration. Thermal incineration is a

process that uses high-temperature thermal oxidation to convert a waste to a less bulky, less

toxic.

Figure 5: Incineration System

The hazardous products of incineration are compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, halogen and heavy

metals (mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium). If the gaseous combustion products of incineration

contain undesirable compounds, air pollution control equipment is required. The solid and liquideffluents may require treatment prior to ultimate disposal or discharge.

The critical factors that determine complete combustion of hazardous wastes are (1) highcombustion temperatures above about 900C to ensure that the thermally resistant compounds

react (2) availability of sufficient amount of oxygen for combustion. (3) Sufficient residence time

to allow the reactions to occur.

Biological Methods

Biological processes are in general, the most cost effective techniques for treating aqueous waste

streams containing organic constituents. Biological treatment may be categorized according to

the oxygen utilization, into aerobic processes and anaerobic processes. In the aerobic processes,oxygen is required to decompose organic matter using aerobic bacteria and most commonly used

to treat industrial wastewater. Anaerobic processes use anaerobic bacteria, in an oxygen deficient

atmosphere, to decompose organic matter. Anaerobic systems are generally used for the

treatment of concentrated organic waste or organic sludge.


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Physical Methods

Encapsulation

A process that creates a structure that completely surrounds sealed containers of waste byconcrete or another solid material to reduce the of formation of leachate by physically limiting

water from contacting the waste or the container. Encapsulation produces a solid mass of

material that is resistant to leaching.

Filtration

To filter or separate phases that containing hazardous waste other nonhazardous constituents

Example: separation of oils

Solvent extraction

Another method to separate the base oil from impurities is the selective solvent extraction. The

base oil is extracted by using liquefied propane. After separation of the propaneoil mixture the

gas is expanded and recovered. The residual base oil can then be further processed. The propane

insoluble residues can be used energetically or further processed to bitumen.

5.0 DISPOSAL

Used and waste oil must be managed appropriately to prevent environmental problems from

occurring. Remember to handle waste oil properly and in no case let it enter the nature

environment or the sewer system. One litre of oil is enough to contaminate one million litres of

groundwater used by households. According to the official regulations, the owner of the oil must

know the amount, type, and origin of the waste. Oil that has entered the soil, also biodegradable

oil, must be collected as completely as possible. Waste oil must not be disposed by burning.

Incineration is one of the most efficient methods of disposal for recovered oil, used oil sorbents,

and debris in a relatively short time and involving not much labor force. However general

disadvantage of incineration is high transportation cost of the disposed material to the incinerator

facility. Below is another ways of disposing waste oil.

Sending the waste oil off-site. Some facilities are permitted to handle the waste oil.

Marketing the waste oil. Claims are made that the waste oil is to be burned for energy

recovery. It is then shipped to a waste oil burner who burns the waste oil in an approvedindustrial furnace or boiler.

Burning waste oil as a fuel. Some waste oil is not regulated by burner standards, but

others that are off-specification waste oil can only be burned in industrial furnaces,

certain boilers, and permitted hazardous waste incinerators. For on-site burning of waste

oil, the oil must be stored in tanks or containers, above or underground. The containers


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must be in good condition with no leaks, the tanks or containers must be labelled and

there must be aspill prevention plan or a control and countermeasures plan

6.0 RECYCLING AND RECOVERY

Recycling

Waste oil need to recover and recycle in order to ensure minimal impact on the environment. The

critical reason why it is important to recycle and recover waste oil is that it can be turned back

intoenergy. At the same time, waste oil and oil-containing wastes may serve as a quasi-

renewable resource. Based on the waste management hierarchy the recycling of waste oil is the

first priority. Recycling of waste oil can reduce both the demand on energy and on non-

renewable resources. There is a market demand for waste oil for energy production in

incineration process since for energy use limited investment costs are necessary. Waste oil can

substitute mineral oil directly in the incineration process. However, recycling is normally themore ecological option taking into account the whole chain of production of new mineral oil

products and fuels. Many oil-containing waste streams (oil-water mixtures, separator content,

and recovered oil from emulsions) have a varying composition and are therefore not fit for

recycling. Such wastes should preferably be recovered and converted into secondary fuel serving

the demand of industrial co-incineration plants.

The necessary steps in waste oil recycling depend widely on the composition of the original

product and the impurities generated during use. In most cases transformer oil is only slightly

degraded and water is the main impurity, which makes the recycling process easy. Motor oil,

however, is contaminated with fine metallic scrapings and products of thermal and oxidativedegradation like unsaturated, polar, asphalt-like, acidic compounds, and aromatic compounds

including phenols, demanding a more sophisticated recycling process. Emulsions from

machining contain only a few percent of oil and may contain high concentrations of additives as

well as oxidation products. The collected amount of a specific quality may be rather small,

compared with motor oil or hydraulic oil. Consequently, such oil-containing waste can preferable

be recovered and converted to secondary fuel.

Recovery

There are several waste oils not suitable for recycling. Only a few waste oils can be recycleddirectly without any pre-treatment. For most waste oil, as a first step, a sedimentation/filtration is

necessary. In this pre-treatment an oil containing sludge is generated, which normally cannot berecycled.

Also from the treatment of grit chamber content or oil-water separator content and the P/C-treatment of oil water mixtures oil-containing sludge arises. Finally, oil-containing concentrates
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill#Preventionhttp://www.waste-management-world.com/index/waste-to-energy.htmlhttp://www.waste-management-world.com/index/waste-to-energy.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill#Prevention


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derived from emulsion splitting or from oil-water separators are often not fit for recycling. All

these wastes can be converted to secondary fuel preferably.

There are limit values for several pollutants in secondary fuel. However, secondary fuel derivedfrom oily wastes may contain other, non-hazardous and/or not restricted pollutants which may

influence the incineration process and the incineration residues. The influence can be bothpositive and negative. On the other hand, phosphorus contained in oily wastes derived frommachining emulsions may negatively influence the melting point of slag when co-incinerated in

a coal fired power plant. Secondary fuel derived from residues of waste oil processing therefore

should be tailor made for a specific purpose. Wherever limit values for restricted pollutantscannot be met the waste shall be sent to a specialised incineration plant only.

7.0 As a SHE officer you have to comply with related regulations under EQA 1974. What are

the legal requirementsneeded in order to construct new oily waste recovery plant.

EQA 1974

AIR POLLUTION

Prohibition on open burning

No person shall allow or cause open burning on any premises

NOISE POLLUTION

Restrictions on noise pollution

No person shall , unless licensed, emit or cause or permit to be emitted any noise

greater in volume, intensity or quality in contravention of the acceptable conditions specified

WATER POLLUTION

Restrictions on pollution of inland waters

No person shall , unless licensed, discharge or spill any oil mixture containing oil into Malaysian

waters in contravention of acceptable conditions specified

Prohibition of discharge of wastes into Malaysian waters

No person shall , unless licensed, discharge environmentally hazardous substances, pollutants or

wastes into Malaysian waters in contravention of acceptable conditions specified

Prohibition against placing, deposit, etc. of schedule wastes

No person shall place, deposit or dispose of, except at prescribed premises only, any scheduled

wastes on land or into Malaysian waters.


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SOIL POLLUTION

Restrictions on pollution of the soil

No person shall, unless licensed, pollute or cause or permit to be polluted any soil or surfaceof

any land in contravention of the acceptable conditions specified.


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REFERENCES

Jabatan Alam Sekitar | Kementerian Sumber Asli & Alam Sekitar.Retrieved November 29, 2013,

from http://www.doe.gov.my/webportal/en

Probst, K. N., & Beierle, T. C. (1999). The Evolution of Hazardous Waste Programs: Lessons from

Eight Countries. Resources for the Future.

Scheduled Waste. Retrieved, from December 2, 2013

http://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_an

d_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwaste

Maizatun, & Mustafa, M. (2011).Environmental Law in Malaysia. Kluwer Law International.

Hazardous Waste Packaging and Labeling: Hazardous Waste Management Guide: Waste

Management: Topics: EHS: Indiana University. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2013, from

http://www.ehs.iu.edu/topics/waste-management/hazardous-waste-management-

guide/hazardous-waste-packaging-labeling.shtml

EPD - Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. (n.d.).

Retrieved December 2, 2013, from

http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/guide_ref/guide_cwc_sub3_3-2.html

hazardous-waste management:: Treatment -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved

December 3, 2013, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/257926/hazardous-waste-

management/72403/Treatment
http://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_and_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwastehttp://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_and_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwastehttp://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_and_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwastehttp://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_and_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwastehttp://www.environment.act.gov.au/environment/environment_protection_authority/business_and_industry/wastemanagementandhazardousmaterials/scheduledwaste

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