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ASSISTANCE TO SETTLEMENT
ETHIOPIALAND USE PLANNING AND SOIL AND WATERCONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
OF ASOSA
PROVISIONAL MILITARY GOVERNMENTOF SOCIALIST ETHIOPIA
RELIEF AND REHABILITATION COMMISSION
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANCEATION
OF THE uNrrED NATIONSADDIS *5*8k 1986
AG: DIV ETI-032/012
Field Document No 3
ANCE TO SETT"
ETHIOPIA
by
S KE Choi
LIEFAS
IST PHI
:LIT/ 1
1.1 .",.9.flem.1
.., of
o.
uits
3.4 Soil clsificE:ti
tS
IV
2
4
6
7
8
10
10
11
12
12
12
16
A2.3 1A',6
I er:11;
4.
4.1
6. )
°J8
8.1 4-
8
8.3
8.5.1
VI
4
47
47
48
50
51
54
t-.
ClirnaticDistr4.
::J1A Limi
1.
Ui
laf F
1,, 2
Thu
explain thc,!hrk fo LanP
ltum ann! '7'
pn combihJiu, uf a lenc
2,
2 , 1
2,1.1 Location
Thc
2, 1, 2 Ph s
The Ea. atin 5-7" -
ki 1 71nur
The tof 1 tu 2% within the
lot wit!.-n Ore . 5h9 river
moin
information ---7,10:1imotolos-Tv Hnorrhrr nicnn nnH SH,
'g
WELEGA
LEGEND
International Boundary.-- ----AH weather road
/oTibe Town ... ...........Gidami
Settlement ....
Scale I poopoo
C
Table 1:
Climatic Data
Station:
Ascisa
!
Administrative
region: Welega
Rainfall pattern
region: B. 1.01
Altitude asl m:
1 560
No. of years for
ocipitation: 6
No. of years for
other data: 5
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AIC
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
YEAR
Mean max. temp.
C29.9
31.5
31.8
31.5
28.0
25.2
23.9
23.9
25.6
25.8
27.4
29.3
27.8
Mean min. temp. °C
an temperature °C
14.5
22.2
15.7
23.6
417.0
24.4
17.2
24.4
16.7
,
22.4
15.5
20.4
15.1
19.5
14.9
19.4
14.8
20.2
14.9
20.4
14.4
20.9
14.6
22.0
15.4
21.7
Vapour pressure mb
E12.8
13.7
14.7
15.3
20.2
19.6
18.8
18.9
18.5
17.5
16.3
14.8
16.7
Rel. humidity 7.
E48
47
48
50
74
82
83
84
78
73
66
56
66
Wind speed 2 m m/s
E1.7
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.5
Sunshine %
E81
73
50
71
48
37
33
19
50
'61
67
73
55
Total rad. cal/(cm2 x day)
E480
493
442
534
441
394
380
331
444
461
446
443
441
Precipitation mm
00
31
32
118`
189
207
208
207
1103
21
01
116
PET mm
131
133
144
155
121
98
97
91
106
'110
104
118
1 408
Dates
28
16
]12
3
BM(S) EH(S)
EH
EM 9
EHS
27
EMS
28/4 - 27/11
normal
Days
an max.
o-mp.
Mean min.
oLL
flU).
C
Moan
temp.
Toial9rad.
oal/(cm- x Jay)
PET
P/PET
BEG-END
213
25.7
15.2
20.5
415
1 057
731
1.45
BEG-BUS/BH(S)
18
29.0
16.9
465
54
79
0.69
BHS/BH(S)-EHS/EH(S)
177
_25.2
15.1
20.2
406
994
590
1.68
EHS/EH(S)-END
18
27.6
14.3
20.9
444
962
0.15
LGP2
BEG-END
BEG-BHS/BH(B)
B1S/BH(S)-EHS
(
EHS/EH(S)-END
The
ion,
- 6 -
while the -
broad leave,:i w,osdland I ,rgely of o: ..lretug
common. BaNeo thin! n occur in : crth
of Mount T
Much of the a
but recently the activi;-.ies ol ro. c
have affect. 1-.he natural cover ±nn. noch an . tent
the area is with no left is nua,
forestq in the river vellcys, en uanitivated lands
The r -0-- v7! ta:tion
swam Jticn, Open wood Jar,-
undt.' while the 'perennial r
woodland .L
mainly of Hypernia
The systee
area of irr3 lture. Th:
6,200 ha cr total proje
important crops,occuoied 7M of the toteas teff, hariotT deans, mug, sur.
In addition
along the rive- an'
V.
d on the slone
cover T :(:)c)r:11;1..nri and
:aton!-- (the
mus
ir Leon, c 'or) pr-i - 3 is
based on traditione sysf1 'ly han cHls cultivating
half hectare, Th,:, nYc 'own are hum,
2.1.4 n and Land Use
has 5-. LIrcLun (I hi s
2
L I. a Li 7LLL,
Loyi thLL of
2:3
1 11,
Unit
4
3A-1 iAerialohote (API)
mak
The A.
explanctory,
LAN_
ti)
Ths lines. were
maps in th,::3
C1,)
PH
standard
Orv-anic C7
r PI
wFAcr,
di phen
ferfrum
calculated fr.s17_-
,cluticwen, 1--1,71kein
Ca
ogl, ho11(o2 rd
Thg contents
a pinch cyF Erich,p
14 -
the soil with 4p 775 ml uf 40% Naro
titrgC(1 g
Kv (4.4
Exch 1D o
fcg2 c mi of KCI1% t,14!_h 1-'h( " nd 10 mi n-7trla-he,
On ccgT'.. g(g1
rreasureY, gt
t "Ttg''t
rog m, IL. mi ng( n "g:g
clth 1(
E clh K. and, Na werf..3 detarginnd by flame photDmoter
butane
thr,_J
50 ml of buffer selutica.was ca culatedsolution nod th.
CaCO
boilir-wi
by
The p
7. hihh r hill
Hie untai hills
9. Hi,7h plateaux.
Floderately diapated Plateaux, plateau.x and
rc77ing to hilly
11. lane r rap
12 Ha" and salt boosits
4. Selection of crops for valuation
The thwas skir
a stan'
qualjt:L
detalle» scale.
4.1 Se1actn
rdinhati
other TD7MS of land-u
fulfill thp basic.
local and notional
up-graC. living standards 9
't
, with
The fue ralUiPC=4-7 helectiu the 14
as land c;!-1-1 Jo which ir:"
crops exolud: ;-P ¡COO'
Ascsa sotLirm2n hin woule
bestsuii :Titially to This
mesh effit'aLat use of thd ta ell-educe erre ernductien and nutilization of other forran cL la'-usu 4' .4
Frc
be reinforcemenl -1(.:
A fur"-requir
a list cf crops
would have more botertie
development,
4,2
4,2.1 C - Establishment
In addition to other uneeszirable effectd,u uousou]tivation of
Maize and Sorghum could load to - crop, vield. It is
rotation system he jrtri-
crops, and
crops amt
The mixture rj) ft food crops and
minerecommendedtb t -f the local pommun'
designed to show that cron7 -rown e!, natura
Eeed repending to fill a f0Dri L'H
The main. climate fdoe= effecter_
is rainfall ar its v.
March to Octcl
,
eractiond,,,h)cs. Fur iry. v2= pr,
of ' H.J11
riq
prodecti--: in
- n-!er tohavirm a monthly
Cid
of Terming system T.S
For example, P.SOE
which. consists of 507C cereals, 446.4e,
aran. ly ncC on Maize enc.' 7
land.
A farming e.,etem dracticc such ah 1 -11-7clex 'involves various
range of crops. The 7-7.)oein -
Roure .2
L p 1,4avrerQ,
tveA
-
CALENDAR oP oPERATioNAso sETrLamE-NT PRoJE-cr
t'100P
PF
UNFLOWER
N plcvid-'01
- }loves
rainfall
72% D-
rain
Corr:
stor
The
ratjen
fnrTrtla-
set,thu
and Ju-
the
tion
and
sitation was not favc..
mid of ITri!
plowing -
Lontm:
It
fac thA
energy and
predominant
wool
materia
The
In
th 7h th(
PrLa. .ntl
thi
plantatidh contir.
programmes
near s
-,1'71°
to sud
could
in drat.
alleviate thE
particular and to
ind
To
provide
for product on of Toddeen
to be developed and
and around the suttleour
Dio rv
devulopmen
gradual]
building,
Pies stion as Acacia Albida
pastoralities,
tr
and improvumen
Est ablishement of
production and food for
be mude throLe, the iptrof
as 1\cacia decurrune. LI u
Cameldulensis,-
fuel w000-
dot only pp
oducL ion and foocL
soil
Tuch of t
in
settleme eadv cd dnd 1,-,:ihchpd dr extensive
reforestration prodram-d
species could bo
The ce it
the traditie! d food crops and Din in
planning and obunsion activitir2s
n
CRr.'n
o 1 lows
3
-- Soil i. xturu -Fe:S
Sil
the yeer ThiE
the ion.!
Ror.* ole,scr
stony>.086d.inf;
land
Very poorI7Inert
!A/c 1
and thedono ta ac
for lirci:-.;
-P4-1
Str-melv .ci5
4.5-5.5 11Pdium acid
Sla'-htly acid.
>
16-35
35-7C
.> 70
h1e
5
5-10
10-15
15-7')
- 25
t y alkaline...DTI alkaline
Linn alkalinaductai5
au
Hly salineC] are (in%)
1
1-3
5-10
>1r,,
Laction exchange ce.c55.575 arlef
<IB
/cm at 25°E
3
4
GL1
o .077-
GL2 7; ply land
czt
sinn AllsubsoilAn internedeL
Gully land r;ulli are
Ae;
neeesional
Fr-- 7'5% of
ori J. en soi
ck
cat7 twork of V2T -
Soil. in smell
(Thi- _o_ pill he practicePstr-ecturcH,
EPM E,,pe parent'rr,terial and/orRock
The. classes used thr
standard soil descr.r ir linos for Soil ProfileDescription'
of uxanePer ronP 7in7of all. of -iral,natuo
ri;":" "
the 7Vf ooll
of very frePunnt mrTho so J.
pmcti,hori.
texture refer to the
il
of 8-16% -
mainta.
N1
N2
P9
uac
FAC
prce_
homa,
units
6.2
Lar
descri-
Fop com.bîn.atior for soer el-eject ia , of
67i. 2_
The lend
by ccrost-J6),-,!,
carr land
maps of
is b.-
Assial:, -
data for
of aerial pko.,,o en- - ifHLic sunirvc
CrICI St
(
ene eorr ciiolo information e
Df lari a
,, land e
/ .72
part of t.ecend prt., represents' ned in more , , ' 1
Long h at .Growing Periods Mop
H:
Figure 3
Method of interating thematic data and lad resources units
00 LGP7
Geomorphology ti Son Map(Landscape units)
Land mopping units
Thermal Zones Mop
Lana Resoorces mop
Land resource units(LRU'S)
Rmv2/6T.Z.5
6,1 Ex: Hation of
6,1,1
Thormel
the pTowing se.).
was determined .from data frem 155
The relatien T°0 =3020 -
in r m Equ-
'1r1.0
Thr
6,1,2 en;1
normal and inte, .-Jiatee
Moisture n /en/
rainfed crop ctti' -5uetir-eted by thL
.ter balance medel(PET), The PET is ce1-
The L6P's in Ethi
and the mean annual rainfc1
amount distributien end nnTwe
1700 --
ere (in -C)
and a)!
..,,mout the tryted, resulH
Wumh
critical =der-lent in determining-12 thie -- it wet
which
rl.).H1
(19
to altitude (t
tts three att 47 LCE'r
27..5
27.5 - 2521
3 75,0 - 22.5
4 22,5 - 20f21
2n.n17,5 - 150
7 155 C - 12,5
12,5 - 10.0
1C1
1.4-
2 46
3
4 76
9
10
2'
'
. tural
71ven
in the
thle third e
5 5
esupcn which the de*e-;
."' Di: the man er
Th
ree
rimcyrrn
7, 6UITABILITY ao
7,1 4 y ovn7 .
:66:1
settlnr-9nt pr:Jjo6;:. ,4,44 , rIF,141,
Lon.1 suitonility
arP
nol .
7,2
su
r:]
a
nn,..! liv,
Here,
lly sioitoblo),r-
4,71,
suit;',nv7
or
o-F
bino
etivLo it. q-! land.
Class Ni !
Lar
rnnno1 _o
aff1.
t¡ons whid, r1atrnr,
rli1n7 to th,!::! lond
- -11 tunits ' °(-Y hectail2b for 11',
WitL
:re an.
-le
7,4 Land suitahility
The land in
agriculturb and nlass, Ve Mode dis trihutFd
ie i..dlcated ' lnnd ility mdetidn map.
a .
The deve7d, plan incord
subwatershed dnd .of'd,rind optimum
Any activitied
is of benefit 'm
ions con
eulturb, f
fd,ether with
are Plrl erreidep,
dev
s-cv or
r s
fai"n..sco nn rTL.
.fld diversion
ddr. inuoes
Id.tion, or thati. UF
uoTaE
-.2ad_T
IpT9T
i-h,
j-I,J3e).1
ITLE
JOLV
.:
mT
N
ELI
a.nd
tic 1 isvolume of
The addi
R8 shoun on the dev .
Thus
opmen
Cu
Gr
Fs
NU
Woc. land
ntennnee or
land)
old
"fl
Tab
le 5
.L
ikj
Ni
o.-.
.,m,.n
L P
lan.
of
Wor
k ..C
.;,C
illpO
nzfT
:
Uni
tW
ork
0,71
mpo
nent
sL
u.N
62
34
56
710
1112
1314
1617
Tot
al
Pres
ent L
and
Use
Cul
tivat
ed la
nd1
548
575
473
692
532
575
762
722
1083
461
665
840
933
350
415
540
10,2
40ad
tivat
ed la
nd2
-14
914
9
Fore
st s
hrub
land
130
144
157
50-
351
155
4275
-1,
004
Fore
st la
nd-
275
103
9812
312
311
495
112
117
205
209
9692
9655
117
1483
0
Gra
ss la
nd1
595
-18
7_
782
Gra
ss L
and
2-
-_
167
167
Riv
er v
alle
y5
150
165
180
150
160
272
148
113
305
242
275
217
475
307
197
175
3,53
1N
urse
ry1
__
1.5
-z
--
1.5
5
Ran
ge p
astu
reR
P
TA
R_
-13
13
Bam
boo
Ybr
est
3-
...O
W.
,...
..060
60
Settl
emen
t48
7292
6060
4885
50 7
575
8738
7065
6745
1,03
7
Tot
alH
a85
1 10
59 1
000
1025
'_92
5 16
04 1
.190
141
8 17
36.5
102
5 12
38J2
04 1
645
1006
.5 9
53 1
044
18,8
24
va1a
ven
t pla
nPr
opos
ed c
ultiv
ated
land
578
719
630
692
582
575
762
1143
123
850
3 66
5 84
0 10
0835
042
554
011
,250
Aff
ores
trat
ion
150
185
188
158
203
250
169
1G8
270.
532
6 34
820
432
925
0.5
213
204
3,65
6
Past
ure
Impr
cver
nent
--
595
--
--
187
149
167
1,09
8N
atur
al g
razi
ng la
nd75
8390
7580
136
7457
153
_12
113
810
923
815
499
881,
770
TA
R-
__
-13
--
13
Settl
emen
t48
7292
-G
O60
4885
50 7
575
8738
7065
6745
1503
7
Tot
alH
a85
1 10
59 1
000
1025
925
1604
109
0 14
1817
36.5
102
5 12
38 1
204
1645
100
6.5
953
1044
18,8
24
,c1 .2
B.
ruct.down hill-and cattledrinn mns
We31-1
When s ton,
17-3reout
of
pro-
o-f
as
47 -
on
Fit'
It ip advisable to start fishery devr7 .in the '
Atp.
givec e 'nutrition and income to the
Livostock et
tho _Los. +AfFi
could be
prodoetior Th.
production. .3 can
30 tituto partidllv thaTic
vetrina7 sGrvl o, COr
fodder trees.
turol forost cono
The of clealitconst-uction or
pmjact. Whni:
-
tho soil of thEshrub could 4.
of potontial /.
Affernhtal-inn ti7.1 .,. .3ure the ne
. '
Tho contJhuhtinn offerestaticn ero Th9r7T12, with ernner
sul.nction en?!
: rc. --1(1 :n of fruitthe Futum 1-.7q:
1E
a) Spocies for lot ostahlishemuntCasuarina
Cup.:a.1Eucal
citMelia nnhrtLouth
Grevo T:
Speoics for 4' wind '
Acacia melanoxylen
Casuhrina equintifoliaCETOTheP
hi7,111V 3MH-7.h
j Yi+7Fir
covur.-4.
fim wood and. to stabilthtt, Thoup..h
, due
. VF.1
Unto
SL1 Dr
c)
5ci) mc
3 2
ustA for wtr
8;33
Cont.
it across thc
but th,72r, no h.ri rd fast rui, .7'nd
requ l Ju A:Pfl ir trr7option dit
plotf'n..1m runcf4: from the plot
or a3l±íiL redient and wil
the plot len7ths will vary anL plot
Paths alon r rnch r-- of plots rur
The rí.vnt .- more
of runoff ÉïH. nce chfor runoff to infil in
on the ridge would b..: Fit
B. Water Development and
.-77-ments
to soil cons
is consider: particulary' rtant. -
reduces thr movement of livestock for
in les pr'nrijn,
ThL ari, movement of li\
tracr are
*- :he
52 -
are alternated with belts of cropsrfH
Narrow - strips, -
terrace. The strip slows pc,'
in the bund: Therefore
enhanced by the farmer p.
cultivatini. It is imnnrte,nt :hat the plots be
the settlement mode
c'Lts are inL.rdod t for
or th,) ble
unf:;.71vourable soil shorld he identi'ipc',
for plots or, extra area should he all Urioss
even, plot dimensions will not he unifou, unL;:mil
Plot dimesion shoulri n he Arm-5,
,levelops. The :-.1rocen
to the hon. from both ides
In sizE: c!rdin
y tho producers cooper-tive. Sinc
d anc orein
te,
is denereIt on the dit:-.7TIc
Lrncr en-A r
I rvh n-n nr cnritT.
BEL, Thc7,-forf.,
i±:hh will P.Mso vary in acoordance.
of the interon:, ion ditch.
' they sr-rF- 1
71ortur
.1
risk.
.4 huuldh
i-he
,reys ruFyett , and their
:iource of cl.hFu, re, if th:.2 shura,
)
anH
n farm pu
, -his will ir-vdiately result
- 53 -
evailable -Josr
wortc than collect!, g
springs are have good p for
livestock use. Units ], 11 an 3, 7
for drinking from Hcha rivr and Units 4, 5,
f/um rerennial spring and river, Units 13, 14, 15, 15,
drinking from Afa river.
The nurseries unit 14 and reno: cl river be it is
proposed that the nerseries and horticulture ,um2: ttat will be estalinhed for
the settlement will get water by purping or diversion weirs from thr7si,, - vers.
8.4,1 Frm r.unds, Darts,
In Assosa there are seasonal trial rivers and have good p,
for farm ponds and dams, diversion weirs anj wells. The construction of
facilities should be considered as part of thr invo1opment programme. ,îil
the ponds, and wells should be located in nat !r1 -pressions
in impervious, or an imnrvious layer can be -,1-1 on the bottm. c
losses will therefore be small, and if the pondr rï Ts are r-la.ivr.
to their surface area, evaporation loss will be
Pollution of the ponds by livestock is , is rtts- s,..1ry to
to keep the ar'-)al,out of th 7-inr at-r from
the pond to a neartv
The siltation of tarIr ìrìd lly, pon , E.! -Irtsis on ,)nstructed
across natural wate2 course°. Can, hoe to be take- cT;I:.11way it O.;
adequate size to acconmodat.o the runoff from the cat.ohment a a.
The capacity of the Jifto 8m i! :vht nt co tlf
size of the dam) should be rl: nord, l.0 ....5 the volumn )1m-- .
A dis roportionately '13'7"). will requin a lar,-;- spillw
and hvir silt load will more ' opacity ofreservoirr,;,
Where the water ' is
wells may provide a got- water
an 2
he saved for mom productive
rivers an(Jr-ofln el
ter c:',Unn:_ol for
scntm ct v,ter
water for
m deep, the construct-Ton of
-Aid and livestock ro, ;
8.4.2 Diversion Weirs
Diversion weirs are strue'
permanent or seesonal rivers to
storage of the river flow is infe-. ilthouch sometimes
the water in the river to facilit its divereion into a
be constructed to divert flow for irrigation purposee -nd
sometimes damri in adjacent catchments Units 9 and :
potential sitos for diversion weir from perennial ,
for irrigation of nursury and horticulture.
8.4.3 S 'n
s, usually concrete, built across eitheiver flow into a channel. No k..::::ter
the structun
channel. Weirs
to fill pools and
10 has e good
Experience with the drainage problems is rather limitRd as thi ser:!v
of the unit management, have more than average rainfall. Most pre[l
are related to maize and other crops, that chPnged lbs colour (becoming yellow)
during the months of heavy Jil,
This changing of colour can be the syrT, c- of an unbalanced nutrient
uptakn due to the excess water in - te soil. Other problems were ftct, ni-
in 'eld was very difficult or inncesitle for men (July to /JJ-- -nd for
tracte--Irs (July, August to Mid September),
The introduction of a surface drainage system will solve 2artly the
above mentioned problems. The presence of furrows related to raw drilli -
facilitates the overland flow and weeding, which favorate both crop perf)p-rnnec.,
Accessibility of the fields for -pn can be improved by drainage. hut
the use of wheel tractors in these clays during the rainy season will elwevs
be troublesome.
The us( wheel tractors is even dissuade, as destructIon of soil
structure is , ,:lr inevitable-in these conditione. Unit 15 to hetw ,n 18 and
unit 1, has been water logging for 50 nn the (A.-me-inn er-c11
velle
6.5 r-14-
uasur-eb not dim i61ated toconnected output,
z
ion
part i cu
tracks st,,:ultd
movement r-P
Appendix I
Photo-Interpretation and Soil Survey Mapping Legend
SOIL DEPTH (ALL LANDS)
Symbol
5
4
3
2
1
TEXTURE (ALL LANDS)
Descriptive TermSymbol for Texture Group
Fine (light)
Range (Cms.)
less than 25
from 25 - 50
from 50 - 100
from 100 - 150
more than 150
Medium
Course (light)
Descriptive Term
Very Shallow
Shallow
Mbderate
Deep
Very deep
,Included Texture Classes
Clay (C)Sandy clay loam (Scl)Silty clay loam (Sicl)Clay loam (CL)
Silt loam (Sil) loam (1)Very fine sandy loam (vfsl)
Fine sandy loam (FSL)Sandy loam (SL)Loamy fine sand (Lis)
Very coarse Loamy sand (LS) sand (S)
(very light) Course sand (CoS)
COARSE FRAGEMENTS: ALL LAND)
a) Gravel, cobble, and other coarse fragements will be mapped when theyoccur in sufficient amounts to influence land use. They will be shownas textural modifiers of the present top soil as follows:
Mapping Symbo Descriptive Term Size Range (diameter)
Gravelly up to 3"Cobbly 3" to 10"Stone 10" to moveableRock unmoveable
b) Quantity of course fragments will be mapped in accordance withthe amounts shown in the following table:
Mapping % gravel % cobble % stone %, rock
Symbol by volume volume by volume by volume
c) Areas oontaining more than 90% of coarse frngments and more than50% Rocky will be place into nn appropriate miscellaneous land type.
COARSE FRAGMENTS : (ALL LAND)
a) Coarse fragments for soil classed as to series will be denotedas follows:
SIZE OF FRAG.MENTS
Areas having surface rock outcropping and/or accumulations of loose,detached rock fragments (greater than 10 inches in diameter) in excessof 50% will be classed as Colluvial Rock land.
The "S" and "R" symbols, when mapped, will follow the depth classsymbol.
PERMEABILITY (ALL LANDS)
PermeabilitySumbol! Class
2 Slow3 moderately
slow4 moderate
moderatelyrapid
6 rapid
ProbableTexture
fine (heavyfine ormediummediumcoarse
very coarse
ProbableStructure
) pr, abk, plpr, abk pl
pr, sbg<sbk, gr, cr
Cr, sg
APproximatePer Rate CM
0.13 to 0.50.5 to 2.0
2.0 to 6.36.3 to 12.5
12.5 to 25.0
3" - 10" in diameter More thnn 10" in diameterto moveable
: % by
Class : Volume 1 % surface ureaClass t Occupied by rock
SI : 30 - 5082 : 50 - 70 R t 10 - 5053 : 70 - 90 700 t 50 - 100
g c 30 - 50 30 - 50Vg Ve 50 - 90 50 - 9051 30 - 50S2 50 - 70S3 70 - 90
10 - 50700 50 - 100
Parent Material
This item should include information on the origin of the
parent material and, where possible, on the nature of the parent
rock(s).
Type & Underlying Material will always be shown regardless ofdepth of soil material (All Lands).
Symbol Description
Volcanic (basalts, tuffs, etc)
Felsic Precambrain basement(gneisses granites, etc.)
Metamorphic Preceambrain basement(slates, sehists, phyllites, etc.)
e Evaporite (predominantly gypsum)
Sandstone
Caleareous (Predominantly limestone)
Slope (ALL LANDS) Both class and degree of slope will be mapped.
Example:
ScilDegree 12 Cl - Erosion
Class Spmbol
A
E
Degree in % slope Descriptive Term
0 - 2 Flat or almost flat
2 - 8 Gently slopping
8 - 16 Slopping
16 - 30 Moderately Steep
30 - 50 Steep
50 + Very Steep
Eiosion (All Lands)
Symbol Description Term
1 None to slight Less than 25% of original toperosion soil removed
From 25 to 75% of original topsoil removed; occasional gullies maybe present.
From 75% of original top soil to 25%subsoil removed; occasional deepgullies or frequent shallow gulliesmay be present.
An intercate network of very frequentmoderately gullies are present. Thesoil has been eroded to the extentthat all or practically all of theoriginal surface soil, or A horizon,has been removed. (This GL1 vd11 bepracticed only planting trees & grass).
An intericate network of very frequentdeep gullies are present. Soil profileshave been destroyed except in smallareas between gullies. (This GL2Ndll be practiced planting trees, andstructures).
Areas consisting of exposed parentmaterial and/or rock resulting fromthe complete, removal of all of theoriginal topsoil and subsoil by naturalprocesses where attributed to man-induced processes, it will be different-iated by placing the symbol inarenthesis.
4 Very severe All of original topsoil and 25% toerosion 75% of subsoil removed.
2 Moderate erosion
3 Severe erosion
GL1 Slightly & modera-tely Gully land
GL2 Deep Gully land
Exposed parentmaterial and/or
Presence of Salt or Alkali
Exact classification of saline, alkali and saline-alkali soilconditions must be based on laboratory data, but the following simpleclasses, as defined in the Soil Survey Manual, can usually be distinguishedn the field and can be included with advantage in a field soil description:
Class 0
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Soils free of excess salt or alkali.Practically no crops are inhibited by, orshow evidence of injury from excess salts oralkali.
Soils slightly affected by salt or alkali.The growth of sensitive crops is inhibited butthat of salt-tolerant crops may not be.
Soils moderately affected by salt or alkali.Crop growth is inhibited and no crop does well.
Soils strongly affected by salt or alkali.Only a few kinds of plants survive.
Where conductivity measurements are available, the followingclasses of salinity, as defined in the Soil Survey Manual, can berecognized.
Approximate Limits of Salinity Classes
Conductivity of Saturation
Classextract in millionhos per om2
Class 0 : Free - 4
Class 1 : Slightly affected 4 - 8
Class 2 : Moderately affected O - 15
Class 3 : Strongly affected above 15
Drainage
The following definitions for soil drainage classes for use insoil profile description are derived directly from the Soil SurveyManual:-
Class 0 Very Poorly Drained - water is removed from the soilso slowly that the water table remains at or on thesurface the greater part of the time. Soils of thisdrainage class usually occupy level or depressed sitesand are frequently ponded.
Class I Poorly Drained - water is removed so slowly that thesoil remains wet for a large part of the time. Thewater table is commonly at or near the surface duringa considerable part of the year. Poorly drainedconditions are due to a high water table, to a slowlypermeable layer within the profile, to seepage, or tosome combination of these conditions.
Class 2
Class 3
Imperfectly Drained - water is removed from the soilslowly enough to keep it wet for significant periodsbut not all of the time. Imperfectly drained soilscommonly have a slowly pereable layer within the profile,a high water table, additions through seepage, or acombination of these conditions.
Moderately Well Drained - water is removed from thesoil somewhat slowly, so that the profile is wet fora small but significant part of the time. Moderatelywell drained soils commonly have a slowly permeablelayer within or immediately hebeath the solum, a rela-lively high water table, additions of water throughseepage, or some combination of these conditions.
Special Features
yr.(113o1
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® 4t.111 (IIH11111
V
frffr-
® A - l-s
Descripl, ion
Tukul SoLtlement
Village
Town Public Buildings
Cemetry Christian, Moslem
School hospital, Mosque, Church
Levee
Dam, 110F40/.voir
Check Dam, Call 1 y plug
All wola)Ior rands
Farm Uniuk
CulverL
Bridge
Perentlial Rtreams
Lake or pond
Spring
Wells or water tanks
Swemp or march
Lava flow
Outcrop Rock
Clif f
Escarpment
Sand dunes
Unit boundary
Unit Number
Landscape Unit Numl)(.r
Location or major Roll Hamplif,r(q.ence Numbem
Seasonal itAIMIIN
amomm., aaes=r=ceamm.
2
Land Use
Symbol
F
T
Ba )-
P
.-/ R
ED
Description
Forest
,Thicket
Bamboo
Plantation
Riverine forest
Eucalyptus, Woodland
Scrub
Scattered Trees
Cultivated Land without Conservation
Cultivated Ltuld with Conservation
Bareland
Grassland
Exposed Parent Material
Moderate Gully Erosion
Severe Gully EroNlon
Strongly Affected Salts andAlkali
Ridge
Grass water way
Fboa path
Nursery
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IX 2
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONA SOIL SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Addis Ababa
Study Arlo /Project A.5 05 Field Number
ILL-L(4V(Location /Coordinates
1
Chief of Lab.
Study Area /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
RATIONA SOIL SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGI:OCIATURE
Addis Ababa
Field Number
Date CHO of Lob.
Study Arlo /ProjectLocotion /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL ANO PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOIL SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGRiCULTURE
Addis Ababa
TeAture, ( mm)
Chief of Lab_
Fled Number
Study Arta /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL ANO PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOiL SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Addis Ababa
Dote__. Chief of Lrab.
Fiel(' Number :
Study Areo /ProjectLocotion /Coordinotis
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL- SOII, SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGR ICULTURE
Addis Ababa
Dote CHO of Lob
Field Number
Bose
Saturot0.
Study Arlo /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL .SOI'L SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Addis Ababa
Field Number !
Dote Chief of Lob
N TIONAL SOIL SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGIMULTURE
Addis Ababa
Study Area /Projectvv0k,Location /Coordinates
SOO. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Oat* Chif (if Lab-
Field Number
Lab. , ; ieldr
W.,ea*.
Tex ture , i am )
0.05
f; -. - 1 jig 0
As )rI
------,---
Lab. . F .
Depth,cm.
. Exchottgaubies, n011istelivotant / POO urn xoll Bcse
Selor,;°t.Ca 14q
---
( ,
r04.11 AIit sum e E. C.
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,,
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..
aa . /-3- 4.0° 6 ..
....
'ILL_
Study Arta /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOIL SERVIGE T
MINISTRY OF AGIOCULIIIREAddis Abram
AS Field Number ! 1,1
I no, I,_. ifir *Pi OW
Dn0t1IText , ( a. rrtm )
O D)?
...:lioxiuro
Clow&
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4
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gre 2 a3.ZO.O 145, .0'
7 ( f /it , y a<'.2.
r11 . i li V
I Ô. ko. Field No.Depth ,
CM.
Exclvingwohilit
Mg....
..
witontrovolont / 100pm foil .Sedum,.
K Ca Al i H Al H SUM. c. C.E.C.
Irl ri °.
- --... .1.,
_
.E7 r 1).. .1
i .,
.... ,. ...,.... 1 0.
Study Arta /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHY131CAI ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOiL SERV I f111; 1'1400E0TMINISTRY OF AGRiciol
Addis Aboito
45_0t.110.1..c A
rIeld Number L
Lob. Ho,
'...717
'
Texture, % (0i0t, 0. mm )....5.00?
ill'o
2, o
-_.__
wo oo?
pH
34'..1 '
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xtupH, li 1 In
CnCO3FrtoF*2 03
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tz7
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Lob.No. FkitdNo.Dipth,
cmK
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Mg
mittionntrohnt
Altti
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"
4.
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Al
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dm toil
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Sum
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-
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0.
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. .
Study Arto /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
: NATIONAL .SOIL SERVIOS PROJE' CT
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAddis Ababa
Field Number
Ex, Witgeultlqs, mIlliertuivolent / 100 QM 1011
. , 'DI.,4.'in.
Texture, ( 04 Mrn ). .....
cO,002. . . ...-/1.0
)1 e)
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Ckl"
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To, ' , _
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km . al.().
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/.t.BEL.... j ,. 2.
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Study Arlo /ProjectLocotion /Coordinates
SOiL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAbSOIL SERVicE ,CTMINI STRY OF 4r:it/CULTU1E
Addis Atmba
Field Number
, tit ;Not
- 0.,
oft.Dop!:,4.,»
I 0. mm )
,r, ex)?
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Maxluto
lass
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pH, I: I InGoa) .
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7. CC
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Lib. No.
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sa pTh,
cm.
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( yeK 1 Mg
;41
2
AI 4 H Al H $um.0. . C.F.c.
VittA . ... I
1, 1 /_awl /3 . 2-
Study Arta /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND NY$iCAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOII, SERVICE PROJECTMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Addis Ababa
Field Number
mitherrdvollint / 100 gm toll
Study Arto /ProjectLocotion /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PtiV3ICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL SOIL SERV ifIE VftOJlCTMINISTRY OF AGIRIci,l.t LIRE
Addis Ababa
Field Number
I. ult, ha.
--,Fliad No.
Dopth ,
cm.
EZCtOrl 0 w, ii 401 inili1.f Illil lMVO ,/ il.)0 QM toll
Tcc.
.
I( co 44
...
Al It SumSum
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4..
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021 6 .1.1. 4.,
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..
.
Study Arlo /ProjectLocation /Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL.SOiL SERVici;: PROJE. CT
MINISTRY OF AGOCULTURE:Addis Abobo
Exchangeable., m Iiequvohnt / 100 gm toll
Field Number:
Study Arta /ProjectLocation/Coordinates
SOIL CHEMICAL AND Plir;ICAL ANALYSIS
NATIONAL,S0Ii, SEPVI1 VVOJECTMINISTRY OF Afftoi (ORE
Addis nbrii3O
Field Number (.lt L
Lob
..
,
s 40451!,,';:ns.
Tee lure , % I (di_.......
II IV
9
mm ), .. .
y . 6
3 . v
,
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pH, II I InCO
ey,
FreeFez 0 1,
70 '-
.
- 1 KC I HoP.I .
-,..it.t..) L
'5 3C
63`c d It.. V
vi e 4./i.q CO
1 0 ' it 171 O., 2 Ò 61-- 6-
Lab. No. F i ktt ' ,
A
P ,
cm..
Ex.c.twoventoes,
tij
j,
mililegwyment
"NI I ii
/ 100
Al
grn sou
C.E ,C.t,
LaO
BaseSaturot.
re
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K Co H f,,uin ,E (1,
0 clir p
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.. .. ......_ .. ...... . .
..... _...
1 . p .
.2 . 10
14 3 .2 4.
Landscape Unit No: Rn2g/1
Geomorphology
Total Area
Remarks Landscape Unit
Hilly p comprised of undulating plainsand low plateaux with a substantial porpor-Lion or low to moderate relief hills -welern highlands.
(un2)
In seuthern Kefa this unit extends intodrier elimates and soils grade to chroniccmmhlsols.
Assosa 1
1 01
Significant Land Facet : Undulating and low plateaux
Soil Management Unit No: 8
Area (%) km
Geology Gnelsses, granites and associated felsicmaterials
Slope range (%) 2 -
Soil
FAO classification : Dystric nitosols
Colour : Dard reddish brown to dark red
Texture : Clay to clay loam
Drainage class : Well
Rock outcrop : None
Surface stones : Fairly stony
Effective depth (cm) : )150
pH : < 5.5
OM (%) : 3-10
CEC (me/100g) : 35-70
Avail P (PPM)
Dominant vegetation and/or land use: Most comtonly shrubbed grasslandwith peasant and nomadic livestockgrazing and browing rainfed statefarm cultivation of cereals and pulsesat Nekemte. Intensive rainfed peasantcultivation and open woodland inwestern Welega.
Remarks: (Significant LandJ'acet)
Landscape Unit No. Rng2/2
Geomorphology
Total Area (km2)
Remarks (Landscape Unit)
Significant Land Facet
Soil management Unit No.
01..ogy
Slope range (%)
Soils:
FAO classification
Colour (moist)
Texture
Drainage class
Rock outcrop
Surface stones
Effective depth (cm)
pH
OM (%)
CEC (me/100g)
Avail. P. (PPM)
8-16
: Dystric nitosols
linrk reddish brown to dark red
Clay to clay loam
Well
: None
Fairly stony
i >150
<5.5
I 3 - 10
t :35-70
<5
Dominant Vetetation and/or land uso: Most comonly shrubbed grassland
with peasant and nomadic livestockgrazing and browsing; intensiverainfed peasant cultivation andopen woodland in western Welega.
Remarks (Significant Land Facet).
See above
See above
Ro Ing plains and low plateaux
60
Cfloio, granites and associated felsic
materials
Assosa 2
Assosa 3
See above
Soo above
See above
Low to moderate relief bilis
71
(km2)
GflOISSOS, granites and associated ielsicmaterials
10 - 30
Arthle acrisols
Reddish brown to dark red
C! ay to sandy clay loam
Well
Fairly rocky
Stony
100 - 150
5.5
3 - 10
10 - 35
- Dominant 'Vegetation and/or land utv: Most commonly shrubbed grassland
with pensant and nomadic livestockgrazing and browsing. Intensiverainfed peasant cultivation andopen woodland in western Welega.
Remarks (Significant Land Facet) Dystric nitosols occur.
FAO classification :
Colour (moist) :
Texture :
Drainage :
Rock outcrop :
Surface stones :
Effective depth (cm) :
pH
OM (%) :
CEC (me/100g) :
Avail. P (PPM)
Landscape Unit No. Rng2/3
Geomorphology :
Total Area (km2) :
Remarks (Landscape Unit) :
Significant Land Facet: :
Soil Management Unit No. :
Area (%) :
Geology :
Slope range (%) :
Soils:
Landscape Unit No: R9g /4
Geomorphology
Assosa 4
Hilly terrain of noderate to high reliefwith a, substantial proportion of moderatelysloping valleys interspersed throughout -western highland.
Significant Land Facet Mo(lerate to high relief hills
Soil Management Unit No. : 113
Area (%) km2
Geology Gnelsses, granites and associated felsicmaterials.
Slope range (%) 30 - 50
Soils:
FAO classification : °attic acrisols
Colour : Reddish brown to dark red
Texture t Cl ay to sandy clay loam
Drainage class Well
Rocky outcrop t Rocky
Surface stones t Ntony
Effective depth (cm) : 50 - 100
pH t<5.5
OM (%) : 3-10
CEC (me/100g) 10 - 35
Avail. P. (PPM)
Dominant Vetetation and/or Land Use: Shrubbed grassland with peasantlivestock grazing and browsing.
Assosa 5
Landscape Uhit No.: ling2/5
Geomorphology :t .0 ftbOVO
Total Area (km2) above
Remarks (Landscape Unit)
Significant Land Facet iutii valleys
Soil Management Unit
Area (%) (km2)
Geology (Ineisses, granites and associated felsicnuterials
Slope range (%) - 8
Soil:
FAO classification Dystric Nitsols
Colour : Dark reddish brown to dark red
Texture : Clay to clay loam
Drainage class : Moderate to poor
Rock outcrop : None
Surface stones : None
Effective depth (cm) >150
pH : <5.5
OM (%) : 3-10CEC (me/100g) : 35 - 70
Avail. P (PPM) : <5
Dominant Vegetation and/or Land use: Most conwnly shrubbed grasslandwith peasant and nomadic livestockgrnzing nnd scattered scrub grassvegetation and reverine trees.
Remarks (Significant Land Facet)