INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE"POST-CRISIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION AND

BULGARIA"

BULGARIANS IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN

SPAIN

Assist.prof. Irena ZarevaEconomic Research Institute, BAS

Bulgarians in Spain

Nearly 70% of the Bulgarian immigrants in Spain are employed.

The main part of them had no assured working place at their arrival in the country (76,8%) and they accomplished their departures through invitations from relatives or without preliminary preparation.

Bulgarians in SpainStructure of Bulgarian immigrants by availability of assured

working place at arrival in Spain (%)

Employment by economic activity

• They work mainly in the sectors: hotels and restaurants, household/family activities and other public and personal service activities, agriculture and construction; and least in: health and social work, public administration, education, mining and electricity, gas and water supply.

Employment by economic activityStructure of employed Bulgarian immigrants by

economic activity (%)

Employment by economic activity and gender

Structure of Bulgarian employed immigrants by economic activity and gender (%)

Structure of the employed immigrants in Bulgaria and in Spain (%)

Employment by economic activity in Bulgaria and in Spain

Employment by occupations

• Bulgarians work mainly as: service workers, unskilled workers and skilled manufacturing workers. Smallest is the share of the employed as clerks and professionals.

Employment by occupationsStructure of Bulgarian immigrants by occupations in

Spain (%)

Employment by occupations and gender

Structure of employed by occupations and gender (%)

Employment by occupations in Bulgaria and in Spain

Structure of Bulgarian immigrants in Bulgaria and in Spain by occupations (%)

Employment according to the acquired qualification

• More than half of the immigrants work at places which require qualification similar to the qualification they have acquired, but 42,1% work at places which require lower qualification. There are disparities between the previous employment in Bulgaria and the present in Spain, especially for the qualified and highly qualified specialists, which demonstrates that Bulgarian immigrants lose qualification.

Employment according to the acquired qualification

Structure of employed immigrants according to the qualification they have acquired and the needed qualification for the

working places in Spain (%)

Employment by type of contract

• The prevailing part of the immigrants are insured and work with temporary or permanent employment contract, or as self employed. Not a small part of them, however, work without a contract (most of which women), in the grey sector of the Spanish economy, and 23,1% are unemployed.

Employment by type of contract

Structure of immigrants by type of employment contract (%)

Employment statusStructure of immigrants by employment status (%)

Employment of Bulgarians abroad

• The results from the survey show that there are no substantial differences between the status of the employed Bulgarians on the Spanish and other countries’ labour market.

Employment by economic activities of the return migrants in Bulgaria

Employment by occupations of the return migrants in Bulgaria

Employment according to the acquired qualification of the return migrants in

Bulgaria

Bulgarians abroad

• Despite that a large part of the Bulgarians abroad lose qualification, that many of them work in the grey sector of the economy or are unemployed, they prefer to live and/or work abroad.