asug express masterclass: pop the hood on sap s/4hana

PUBLIC

Tobias Stein, Jochen Boeder, Bernhard Drittler, Stefan Elfner, Wolfram Kleis, SAP

May 10, 2021

ASUG Express Masterclass: Pop the Hood on SAP S/4HANA

2PUBLIC© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ

SAP S/4HANA - the Cornerstone of the Intelligent Enterprise

Business

PROCESSES

Business

APPLICATIONS

Business

TECHNOLOGY

Business

COLLABORATION

ACROSS ALL FUNCTIONS

BUSINESS NETWORK

EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT

BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM

INTELLIGENT SUITE INDUSTRY CLOUD

SAP Solutions

Partner Solutionsdesign - buy - supply - make - sell

SAP S/4HANA

people finance maintain service cross

Intelligent enterprises apply advanced technologies

and best practices within agile

business processes to make

organizations more resilient,

profitable, and sustainable.


Part 1: Foundation

▪ Architecture Challenges of a Modern ERP Solution

▪ Technical Architecture Foundation

▪ Simplified Experience

▪ Intelligence and Analytics

▪ Extensibility

▪ Integration

▪ Data Protection and Privacy

Part 2: Application Architecture

▪ Master Data

▪ Sales

▪ Service Operations

▪ Sourcing and Procurement

▪ Logistics and Manufacturing

▪ Extended Warehouse Management

▪ Finance, Governance, Risk, and Compliance

▪ Localization in SAP S/4HANA

New Book: SAP S/4HANA Architecture

Part 3: SAP S/4HANA Cloud-

Specific Architecture and

Operations

▪ Scoping and Configuration

▪ Identity and Access Management

▪ Output Management

▪ Cloud Operations

▪ Sizing and Performance in the Cloud

▪ Cloud Security and Compliance

Authors

▪ Thomas Saueressig, Tobias Stein,

Jochen Boeder, Wolfram Kleis

▪ And 62 Experts from the

SAP S/4HANA development team


SAP S/4HANA Architecture: Selected Important Aspects

CDS and VDMprogramming model foundation

Optimizations

enabled by

SAP HANA

Embedded Analytics

Deployment OptionsFlexibility

Cloud / on-premise

Cloud Architecture

Principles& Foundationof a modern ERP

Machine Learning


SAP S/4HANA Technical Foundation

SAP S/4HANATRADITIONAL ERP

Transactional

RDBMS

Analytical Data

Warehouse

Replication

Dim

DimDim

Dim Dim

Fact

Search

Appliance

Replication

Index

Index Index

Index Index IndexIndex

In-

Memory

Columnar-storage

Insert-only

SAP HANA Database

Combined transactional and analytical processing - no replication

On-the-fly calculation - less persisted aggregates, every column is index

Real-time - no batch jobs

Transfer more

than required

(e.g. SELECT *)

Write too

many tables

(e.g. aggregates)

Frequent

locks

Push application

logic to DB

(associations,

calculations)

Transfer results

and authorized

data only

DB Locks

avoided when

data is posted

Increased throughput (e.g. factor 25 in inventory management)

AI/ML

Storage

Replication

Graph

Header Item Status

Application data

Index

Index

Index

Aggregate

Aggregate

Aggregate

Calc

Calc

Calc

Technical necessities

CPU parallel (→ fast)

calculation in memory

Column table e.g. ACDOCA (FIN Universal Ledger)

…

Less central

tables required (e.g. 80% less in Core

FIN) Com-

pression

VDM / CDSTransactional

ViewsAnalytical Views Search Views AI/ML Views API Views

(Real-time)

Transactional

Applications

Applications with

Embedded

Analytics

Applications with

Search

Integration

Scenarios

Applications with

Embedded ML,

Simulation &

Prediction

Unified access on semantic rich model incl. authorization

Low application throughput

Latency through data replication, redundancies

and batch jobs

DB Procedures

(e.g. Dunning)

DB Functions

(e.g. PAI/PAL for ML)

Calculation Views

Typical Transactional Application (e.g. create order)

Select

Headers

via Index

Select

Items

and

master

data with

Keys

Check

Authoriz

ation

Select

Config.

Data

with

Keys

Loop

Keys in

Memory

and

Calculat

e Fields

Update

Header,

Items

and

Aggregat

es

Typical Batch Job (e.g. dunning run)

Select

Headers

via Index

Select

Items

and

master

data with

Keys

Check

Authoriz

ation

Select

Config.

Data

with

Keys

Loop

Keys in

Memory

and

Calculat

e Fields

Write

Updated

List


Even Higher Performance and Scalability

Characteristics of a Modern ERP System

Consumer-grade User Experience

Extensible Architecture

Intelligent ERP Processes

Simplified and Standardized Implementation

Cloud and On-Premise Deployment Models

Security, Privacy, Compliance, and Data Isolation


SAP S/4HANA Architecture Principles

Stable but Flexible Digital Core

Simplification with Principle of OneOpen for Innovation

Through Service Orientation

Modularization Into Integration Scenarios

Cloud First, but Not Cloud OnlySemantic Compatibility

Evolution with Least Possible Disruption

Foundation: Virtual Data Model


Virtual Data Model (VDM)

▪ Implemented via Core Data Services

(CDS)

▪ Active SAP S/4HANA Core

Entity/Relationship Model

▪ Unified semantic data model

▪ Database abstraction, uniform

modeling, naming

▪ Reusable interfaces

CDS and VDM as the Technical Foundation

CDS models

in SAP

S/4HANA

Analytics

Transactional

Models

(Business Objects)

Search

Remote APIs

Services for

UI

Consumption

CDS-based

data

extraction

Extensibility


Field Names in Virtual Data Model

VDM Naming

Table

CDS View Stack

OData Service

SAP Fiori UI

Focus on semantic meaningful field names

▪ Governance process ensures

– Appropriate naming

– Unique field names across S/4HANA

▫ Important for analytics

▫ Supporting process consistency

Embedded Analytics based on Virtual

Data Model


Virtual Data Model: View Layers

Consumption View

C_..

Composite View

I/R_..

Basic View

I/R_...

Remote API View

A_...

Database Table

SAP S/4HANA ABAP

Virtual Data Model

SAP HANA

Application Tables

VBAK VBAP VBEP LIKP VBRK VBRP

I_SalesDocument, I_BillingDocument, I_SalesOrder, I_SalesOrderItem, ...

Gateway / SADLAnalytic Engine

UI

Smart Business KPIs

(Open Sales, Profit

Margin, ...)

Sales Overview

Page

Multideminsional Reports

(Incoming Sales, Sales Volume,...)

Analytical SAP Fiori Apps

(Delivery Performance, Sales

Order Fulfillment, ...)

R R

RInA

ROData

C_SalesOrderFulfillment...

R

Sales Manager Internal Sales Rep

I_SalesDocumentItemAnalytics, I_BillingDocumentItemAnalytics,

I_DeliveryDocumentItemAnalytics, ...

SQL Views (generated from VDM)

Sales Analytics

Core Layer

VDM Basic

Views

I_SalesOrderCube, I_SalesOrderItemCube,

I_BillingDocumentItemCube, ...Analytical

Cube Views

Analytical

Query Views

C_SalesOrderItemQry, C_SalesVolumeAnalyticsQry

SalesOrderDeliveryPerformance, ...

Consumption

Views

Example in SAP S/4HANA Sales


Analytical CDS Models

Cube

View

Hierarchy

View

Dimension

ViewText View

Query View

▪ Implemented directly in SAP S/4HANA

▪ Directly operating on transactional data

(without any data replication)

▪ Decision support on the fly

▪ Technically based on analytical CDS views

ABAP Application Server

Virtual Data Model

Analytic Engine

SADL

SAP Fiori

launchpad

SAP Fiori Analytical Apps

Analytical

Queries

Smart

Business

KPI/Report

Analytical

List Pages

SAP

Analytics

Cloud

Dashboard

Web Dynpro

Grid

Cubes

Dimensions

Hierarchies

Other VDM Views

AE Runtime

Objects

R

OData

SAP Analytics

Cloud

Embedded

Story

Metadata

R

Freestyle

App

R

InA

SAP HANA

Database

SQL Views

Tables

R R

ROData RInA

Enables Embedded Analytics


CDS-Based Data Extraction

SAP S/4HANA

ABAP

Application

Server

Change Data Capture (CDC)

Engine

SAP HANA Database

Application Tables

CDC

Logging

Tables

CDC

Database

Triggers

Database

Write

Operation

Application

R

SQL Insert

UpdateDelete

R

ODP

SOAP

Service

Operational Data Provider

Cloud Data

Integration

API

R

RSOAP

Web Service

Extraction

Database

Views

SAP

Business

Warehouse

R RFC

Change Data

Interface

(OData)

ABAP CDS

Reader

SAP Data Intelligence

CDI Consumer

Operator

ABAP CDS

Reader

Operator

ROData RWeb Socket

RFC

ABAP

Pipeline

Engine

R

Operational

Data Provider Queue

CDC Job

CDS

Extraction

View

Metadata

R

Annotation:

@Analytics.dataExtraction: {enabled: true,delta.changeDataCapture.automatic: true

}

▪ Data extraction via semantic meaningful,

stable VDM artefacts and not of database

artefacts

▪ Enterprise Analytics, Side-By-Side machine

Learning require data extraction

▪ Cloud enabled technology, based on CDS

▪ Uses Change Data Capture Engine

(logical successor of SLT technology)

Machine Learning Architecture


▪ Natively integrated machine learning

▪ Enterprise-Ready: Lifecycle management, Compliance, Integration

Intelligence in SAP S/4HANA - Machine Learning

Built-in

Consumer

SAP S/4HANA Backend

SAP HANA

Explorative

Consumer

SQL View

ML

Model

SAP HANA

ML Library:

PAL/APL

CDS View / AMDP

Class for MLCDS View

Analytic Engine / SADL

Application

Tables

SAP S/4HANA SAP Data Intelligence

Training

Pipeline

Inference

Pipeline

Operators

ML Library

R

CDS Extractor

ML Lifecycle

Manegement

Framework

ML Application

Application

Data

ML Logic

ABAP Class

Trained

Model

R

consume

R

train,deploy,

monitor

R

consume

R

extract

data

R R

Intelligent

Scenario

ML Scenario

Embedded Machine Learning Side-By-Side Machine Learning


Machine Learning Patterns in SAP S/4HANA

MatchingDetect similarities and

anomalies

Match incoming payments with

receivables in SAP Cash

Application

side-by-side

Recommendation Propose data sets or actionsIntelligent purchase requisition

approval workflowside-by-side

RankingDistinguish relevant from less

relevant data

Intelligent accruals in cashflow

planningside-by-side

Prediction

Predict future data and trends

based on patterns detected in

past data

Predict arrival of stock in transit

for managing delivery delaysembedded

Pattern Description Example Use Case Architecture

Categorization

Assign data to predefined

groups or discover new

groups

Image based buying. Display

best matching catalog items

based on image recognition

side-by-side

SAP S/4HANA Architecture

Optimizations Enabled by SAP HANA


SAP S/4HANA

Optimizations Enabled by SAP HANA - Capabilities

SAP HANA Database

Fast Aggregation

in Memory

SQL Script

Database

Procedures

Search

Capabilities

Application

Function

Libraries

Enterprise

Search and

In-Application

Search

On the fly-

calculation

of balances, stock,…

without aggregate

tables

Move performance-critical data

processing to the database layer


Logistics ArchitectureSAP ERP Data Model

Transactional Data

Aggregated

Quantities

Master Data and

Aggregated Quantities

Master

Data

MKPF MSEG

MSTQH MSTEH MSTBH MSSQH MSSAH MSPRH MSLBH MSKUH MSKAH MKOLH

MCHBH MARDH MARCH

MSPR MSLB MSKU MSKA MKOL MCHB MARD MARC

MSTQ MSTE MSTB MSSL MSSQ MSSA

MCH1 MCHA MAKT MARM MARA

SAP S/4HANA Data Model

Transactional

Data

Master

Data MCHA MAKT MARM MARA

MSPR MSLB MSKU MSKA MKOL MCHB MARD MARC

MSPR

MATDOC

Aggregated

Quantities

Removed

SAP S/4HANA

Procurement

Sales

Master Data

Materials

Requirements

Planning

(MRP)

Purchase

Requisition

Planned

Order

Purchase

Order

Processing

Purchase

Order

Production Order

Confirmation Processing

Bill of Materials

Work Center/

Resource

Material

Routing/Recipe

Material

Documents(Various Types of Material

Movements)

Goods

Receipt

Processing

Inventory

Calculation

Inventory

(calculated)

Planned

Independent

Requirements

Sales

Order

Inbound Delivery

Processing

Inbound

Delivery

Outbound

Delivery

Production Version

Production

Order

Production Order Processing

Process

Order

Extended

Warehouse

Management

FinancialsR

Write goods

issue

Write goods

receipt

Outbound Delivery Processing

Sales Order

Processing

Physical

Inventory

Physical

Inventory

Processing

Goods Issue

Processing

Manufacturing

Execution

Systems

R

Available To Promise

R

R

R

R

R

Optimized Inventory Data Model


Accounting Data Model Optimization in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

SAP ERP Data Model

SAP S/4HANA Cloud Data Model (Actuals)

KNC3 LFC1 LFC3 ANEK ANEP ANEA ANLC ANLP

BSIS BSID BSIK BSAS BSAD BSAK GLT0 KNC1

COEP COEJ CEOJL COEJT COSP COSS GLPCT GLPCA

BKPF

BSEG

GLPCC FAGLFEXA GLFUNCT GLFUNCA FAGLFEXT FAGLBSIS FAGLBSAS FISLT

FISLA CE1COPA CE2COPA GLPCO JVGLFLEXT PSGLFLEXT FMGLFLEXT FMGLFLEXA

BKPF BSEG ACDOCA

TABLE

Totals


Optimizations Enabled by SAP HANA: Optimized Calculations

SAP HANA Database

Variant Configuration Master Data

ABAP Application Server

Object Dependency

MaintenanceMRP Live

BOM Explosion

Database Procedures

Low-Level Variant

Configuration

Database Procedures

MRP

Database Procedures

R

R

R

Object

Dependencies

Optimized for

ABAP

Object

Dependencies

Optimized for

Database

Procedures

Model Creation Evaluation

Example: Material Requirements Planning

MRP Live with optimized low-level configuration

Low-level Configuration for Configurable Products

- select actual BOM items and routing activities

- based on object dependencies (selection criteria, constraints)

Planning logic

Cloud Architecture


SAP S/4HANA Cloud

SAP BTP SERVICES

OpenID,SAML2

SAP

CLOUD

IDENTITY

SERVICES

SHARED ADMINISTRATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

MICRO-

SERVICE

2

MICRO-

SERVICE

1

SAP HANA Cloud

CUSTOMER 1 CUSTOMER 2

HTTPS HTTPS

HTTPS

HTTPS

Redundant virtualized

InstancesLOAD BALANCERS, WEB APPLICATION FIREWALL, WEB DISPATCHERS & API MANAGEMENTRedundant virtualized

Instances

SAP CLOUD

INTEGRATION

SAP

DOCUMENT

SERVICES

HTTPS

SAP

ANALYTICS

CLOUD

SAP

COPILOT

* Simplified diagram

MULTI-TENANT S/4HANA CORE (ABAP)

SAP HANA MULTI-TENANT SERVICE

TENANT

CONTAINER

2

(HANA

Container)

SHARED

CONTAINER

(HANA

Container)

TENANT

CONTAINER

1

(HANA

Container)

Work

Process

Work

Process

RUNTIME

CONTAINER

1

RUNTIME

CONTAINER

2SHARED

PROCESSES

(e.g.

Upgrade)


Under The Hood: SAP S/4HANA Cloud Multi-Tenant Architecture

Multitenant Runtime Cluster

Shared

Hardware

Multitenant

SAP HANA System

Shared

Hardware

SAP S/4HANA

Cloud

– Tenant 1 –

(ABAP)

SAP S/4HANA

Cloud

– Tenant 2 –

(ABAP)

SAP S/4HANA

Cloud

– Tenant N –

(ABAP)

R R R

System Database and

central servers/services

Tenant Databases

Tenant

Database

– Tenant 1 –

Tenant

Database

– Tenant 2 –

Tenant

Database

– Tenant N –

Tenant Database

- Shared -

System Database

Preprocessor

Server

SAP System

Administrator

Read from shared tenant database on SAP HANA level


Zero Downtime Maintenance – Step 1

HANA

Access schema

Application Server

Production on the old release

Data Schema

(CDS-)View, AMDP

Table

Projection view as proxy for

table

Shared

container

Table

(read-only)



SAP HANA

Shared

container

Table

(read-only)

Data Schema

Table(old content,

read-only)

Table (dual structure)

Table

(new content)

Shared

container

Table

(read-only)

Access schema


table

(CDS-)View, AMDP

Access schema


table

(CDS-)View, AMDP

Application Server Application Server

Updated Software

Green

Software Before Update

Blue

30PUBLIC© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ© 2019 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PARTNER 19

The SAP TRUST CENTERis a public-facing website on

sap.com:

http://www.sap.com/cloud-trust-center

• Live status of Cloud Service Availability

• Detailed historical view down to data center level

• Transparency on maintenance schedules

Certifications

Shanghai

SAP S/4HANA Cloud ES Data Center

FrankfurtTokyo

Sydney

Failover Data Center

Colorado Spring

IT

Link to Data Centers

DubaiRiyadh

SAP S/4HANA Cloud C5

SAP S/4HANA Cloud SOC 1



ISO 27001 – Security Management System

ISO 22301 – Business Continuity

Certification from BSI for BS 10012:2017

(Data Protection)

Refer to SAP Certificates here

Providing Choice of Data Center Location & Confidence in Cloud Security

Moscow

Sao Paolo

Mumbai

IowaToronto St. Leon-Rot

SterlingAmsterdam

https://www.sap.com/about/trust-center/data-center.html?currentLevel=solution&solutionId=ACE361

https://www.sap.com/about/trust-center/certification-compliance.html


An optimized extensibility framework within SAP BTP

E2E Security/E2E Lifecycle Management

Side-by-side

extensibility

SAP Extension Suite

Data marts & analytics

Refresh & mobilize user experience

IoT & big data

Cloud native for B2C & B2B

Process innovation

Data science & intelligence

Adopt new

user interface

In-app

extensibility

SAP Solutionse.g. SAP S/4HANA

Expose data

Add database fields/objects

Create custom analytics

Add application

logic

Create forms/email templates

User Interface Layer Application Layer Database Layer

Classic

Extensibility

SAP Integration Suite

Secured

connectivity

User Interface

Rules/Workflow

Process/Events

Data Replication


SAP BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM

Database & Data

Management

Analytics Application Development

& Integration

Intelligent

Technologies

Data storage

Data processing

Data integration

Data orchestration

Information governance

Meta data management

Business Intelligence

Augmented analytics

Predictive analytics

Collaborative planning

Data warehousing

Integration

Extensibility

Business process

optimization

Business services

User experience

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Intelligent Robotic

Process Automation

Blockchain

Internet of Things

Open runtime

Open API

Open environment

Foundational

services

Cloud, on-premise,

hybrid, edge

Any data store

connectivity

SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP) is the technological

foundation of the Intelligent Enterprise


Digital Payments

SAP S/4HANA

SAP S/4HANA – ABAP

Finance

APAR/Cash

Digital Payments

Capture

Digital Payments

Advice

Digital Payments

Authorization

SAP S/4HANA –

SAP Cloud Platform

Other SAP Solutions

SAP Commerce

Cloud

Third-Party Components

OnlineShop

Other SAP S/4HANA Applications

Sales

SAP Digital Payments Add-On

R

R

RThird-Party

Payment Service

Providers

SAP S/4HANA Cloud

for Customer

Payments

R

Subscription Billing R

R

R

SAP S/4HANA

Cloud Services on SAP BTP

SAP Digital Payments Add-on

▪ Integrates SAP S/4HANA to

external payment service providers

▪ digital real time payments

Used by

▪ SAP S/4HANA Core applications

– Finance, Sales, …

▪ SAP S/4 HANA BTP applications

– SAP S/4HANA Cloud for

Customer Payments

– Subscription Billing


SAP S/4HANA Cloud for Advanced Financial Closing

Users Processor Administrator Key Iser

SAP S/4HANA Cloud

for advanced financial

closing (AFC)

on SAP Cloud Platform

Org Data

Management

SAP S/4HANA (Leading Backend)

AFC Proxy

Layer

Reports

UI

Applications

Org Master Data

Company

Code

Controlling

AreaPlant

Accnt

Principle

Fetch Org

Data

RegisterReport Transaction

Workflow

Entitiy

Registration

ScheduleReport

Workflow

Schedule

Entity

Resolve URL

Status

Management

Responsible

Status

Management

AFC Content

Task

Model

Task List

Model

Navigate

To

AFC

Hub

Persistency

R R

Map

Parameters

RR

Resolve URL

for NavigationSchedule

Map

Parameters Map Parameters

on SAP BTP

▪ Orchestrate, execute, monitor cross-system

financial closing activities

▪ Cloud-Native Application on SAP Business

Technology Platform

▪ Proxy layer in ABAP Backend

SAP S/4HANA Architecture

Deployment Options


SAP S/4HANA offers flexibility of consumption

SAP S/4HANA CloudSaaS

SAP S/4HANA AnyPremiseon any infrastructure

As a Service As a Product

Implementation Greenfield with data / configuration migration Greenfield or conversion of existing implementations

Upgrades 2-4 x year, managed by SAP Customer driven and managed

Scope Full S/4HANA scope of core ERP & extended LoB content Unlimited variety of SAP and Partner Add-ons

Extensibility In-App & Side by side via SCP / Extensibility Framework Unlimited customer specific customization, modification and extensibility

API Hub with >300 APIs

Deployment IaaS (SAP Data Center or GCP, MS Azure or Alibaba Cloud) IaaS, Customer Data Center, Hosting Providers

Configuration Standardized, Best Practice / Model Company based, Model Company as starting point (recommended)

Partner Packages based, Restricted IMG access Open IMG access

Operations 99.9% Availability and High-Availability Customer and provider defined

Security SAP Cloud security and data center strategy as SPOC Shared customer / IaaS obligation

Licensing Subscription-based BYOL + infrastructure subscription

ONE Data Model -- ONE Semantic -- ONE User Experience -- ONE Code Base

Degree of Standardization

Degree of Flexibility


Building YOUR Intelligent Enterprise

ONE Offer

ONE Contract

Unmatched TCO

Comprehensive, intelligent,

customer-specific offering

Offering components

Business Process Intelligence

Process Discovery Reports

SAP Business Technology Platform

CPEA Credits

SAP Business Network

Starter Pack

SAP Readiness Check, Custom

Code Analyzer, SAP Learning Hub

SAP S/4HANA with Deployment

Model of Choice (Public or Private)

On Infrastructure Provider of Choice

Analyze how processes perform, get tailored recommendations, and benchmark against industry standards.

Complement, extend and integrate with SAP, partner, or third-party solutions using the same data model and business services as SAP applications.

Digitalize collaboration with all of your trading partners.

Tools and services from SAP to support your whole journey

that can be augmented by SAP’s strong ecosystem

Optional components

Additional services


Q&A

Questions

Thank you.