atencion funcionejecutiva

7/22/2019 Atencion Funcionejecutiva

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FUNCIN EJECUTIVA PorFUNCIN EJECUTIVA Por

Emilio Gmez MilnEmilio Gmez Miln

CONJUNTO DE PROCESOS QUECONJUNTO DE PROCESOS QUESUBACEN A !A CONDUCTASUBACEN A !A CONDUCTA

DIRIGIDA A META F!E"IB!E#DIRIGIDA A META F!E"IB!E#Co$ni%in %om&le'(Co$ni%in %om&le'(


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)QU* SON !AS FUNCIONES)QU* SON !AS FUNCIONESEJECUTIVAS+EJECUTIVAS+

E! ACUERDO !!EGA A FIRMAR QUE SEE! ACUERDO !!EGA A FIRMAR QUE SEASOCIAN CON !A ACTIVACIN DE! CORTE"ASOCIAN CON !A ACTIVACIN DE! CORTE"PREFRONTA! ,%on-i%in ./0i%ien1e &ero noPREFRONTA! ,%on-i%in ./0i%ien1e &ero no

ne%e.(ri(2#ne%e.(ri(2#Pero 1(re(. -e -em(n-( %o$ni1i3( m/4 -i3er.(5 noPero 1(re(. -e -em(n-( %o$ni1i3( m/4 -i3er.(5 no

1o-(. %on.i-er(-(. -e 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,%on0li%1o1o-(. %on.i-er(-(. -e 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,%on0li%1o-e re.&/e.1(5 1(re(. n/e3(.5 1(re(. -e %(&(%i-(--e re.&/e.1(5 1(re(. n/e3(.5 1(re(. -e %(&(%i-(-

-e memori( -e 1r(6('o5 -e -i0i%/l1(- &er%e&1i3(-e memori( -e 1r(6('o5 -e -i0i%/l1(- &er%e&1i3(%on e.17m/lo. -e$r(-(-o.5 -e memori( e&i.-i%(%on e.17m/lo. -e$r(-(-o.5 -e memori( e&i.-i%(o -e re.ol/%in -e &ro6lem(.2 (%1i3(n l( mi.m(o -e re.ol/%in -e &ro6lem(.2 (%1i3(n l( mi.m(re- 0ron1(l8 Dor.ol(1er(l5 3en1rol(1er(l 4 %in$/lore- 0ron1(l8 Dor.ol(1er(l5 3en1rol(1er(l 4 %in$/lo

(n1erior -or.(l9 D/n%(n 4 O:en5 ;


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)C/(n1o. %om&onen1e. 1iene)C/(n1o. %om&onen1e. 1iene

l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(+l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(+

Lezak 1995Lezak 1995 --= Voli1ion9Vol/n1(-Voli1ion9Vol/n1(-= Pl(nnin$9Pl(ni0i%(%inPl(nnin$9Pl(ni0i%(%in= P/r&o.e0/l 6e>(3io/r9Con-/%1( in1en%ion(lP/r&o.e0/l 6e>(3io/r9Con-/%1( in1en%ion(l= E00e%1i3e &er0orm(n%e9E'e%/%in e0e%1i3(E00e%1i3e &er0orm(n%e9E'e%/%in e0e%1i3(

Stuss 1987Stuss 1987= ?(6ili-(-e. &(r( l( %on-/%1( ( me1(= ?(6ili-(-e. &(r( l( %on-/%1( ( me1(= P(r( %(m6i(r -e /n %on%e&1o ( o1ro#P(r( %(m6i(r -e /n %on%e&1o ( o1ro#

= P(r( mo-i0i%(r l( %on-/%1( ( l( l/z -e n/e3( in0orm(%inP(r( mo-i0i%(r l( %on-/%1( ( l( l/z -e n/e3( in0orm(%in= P(r( .in1e1iz(r e in1e$r(r -e1(lle. (i.l(-o. en /n 1o-o %o>eren1eP(r( .in1e1iz(r e in1e$r(r -e1(lle. (i.l(-o. en /n 1o-o %o>eren1e= P(r( m(ne'(r m@l1i&le. 0/en1e. -e in0orm(%inP(r( m(ne'(r m@l1i&le. 0/en1e. -e in0orm(%in= P(r( >(%er /.o -el %ono%imien1o rele3(n1e (-/iri-oP(r( >(%er /.o -el %ono%imien1o rele3(n1e (-/iri-o


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#2 Con1rol (1en%ion(l8 (1en%in .ele%1i3( 4#2 Con1rol (1en%ion(l8 (1en%in .ele%1i3( 4.o.1eni-(.o.1eni-(

;#2 Flei6ili-(- %o$ni1i3(8 MT5 %(m6io (1en%ion(l5;#2 Flei6ili-(- %o$ni1i3(8 MT5 %(m6io (1en%ion(l5(/1o9moni1oriz(%in 4 1r(n.0eren%i( %on%e&1/(l#(/1o9moni1oriz(%in 4 1r(n.0eren%i( %on%e&1/(l#

#2 E.1(6le%imien1o -e me1(.8 Ini%i(r5 &l(ni0i%(r 4#2 E.1(6le%imien1o -e me1(.8 Ini%i(r5 &l(ni0i%(r 4

or$(niz(r5 $ener(r e im&lemen1(r e.1r(1e$i(.or$(niz(r5 $ener(r e im&lemen1(r e.1r(1e$i(.-e re.ol/%in -e &ro6lem(. 4 %on-/%1(-e re.ol/%in -e &ro6lem(. 4 %on-/%1(e.1r(1e$i%(#e.1r(1e$i%(#

An-er.on e1 (l# ,;


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TAREAS DE FUNCINTAREAS DE FUNCINEJECUTIVA8 inn/mer(6le.EJECUTIVA8 inn/mer(6le.

WCST, MCST, STROOP Y VARIANTES (NUMERICO, ESPACIAL,WCST, MCST, STROOP Y VARIANTES (NUMERICO, ESPACIAL,CARDINAL, DE COLOR, EMOCIONAL), SEAL DE STOP O TAREACARDINAL, DE COLOR, EMOCIONAL), SEAL DE STOP O TAREAGO-NO GO, TAREA ANTISACADICA, GENERACIN ALEATORIA DEGO-NO GO, TAREA ANTISACADICA, GENERACIN ALEATORIA DENMEROS, TORRE DE HANOI, PASAT, TMT A Y B, TAREAS DENMEROS, TORRE DE HANOI, PASAT, TMT A Y B, TAREAS DEFLUIDEZ VERBAL Y NO VERBAL (COWAT), DE MONITORIZACINFLUIDEZ VERBAL Y NO VERBAL (COWAT), DE MONITORIZACINEN MEMORIA DE TRABAJO (N-BAC, EEP-TRAC TAS, LETTEREN MEMORIA DE TRABAJO (N-BAC, EEP-TRAC TAS, LETTER

MEMORY TAS, TONE MONITORING TAS), DE CAMBIO DE LAMEMORY TAS, TONE MONITORING TAS), DE CAMBIO DE LADISPOSICIN MENTAL (DE SUMAS-RESTAS, DE LETRAS-DISPOSICIN MENTAL (DE SUMAS-RESTAS, DE LETRAS-NUMEROS, LOCAL-GLOBAL), TAREA DE OPERACIN-CAPACIDAD,NUMEROS, LOCAL-GLOBAL), TAREA DE OPERACIN-CAPACIDAD,CAT (TEST CATEGORIAL), WAIS-R, VSAT, RSVP, ESCUCHACAT (TEST CATEGORIAL), WAIS-R, VSAT, RSVP, ESCUCHADICTICA,TAREAS DUALES, PERIODO PSICOLGICODICTICA,TAREAS DUALES, PERIODO PSICOLGICOREFRACTARIO, TAREA DE ERISEN, BS!UEDA VISUAL, BADS,REFRACTARIO, TAREA DE ERISEN, BS!UEDA VISUAL, BADS,FIGURA DEL REY, BSAT, HSCT, TOL, TOH, APRENDIZAJEFIGURA DEL REY, BSAT, HSCT, TOL, TOH, APRENDIZAJE

INVERTIDO, BRIEFS, CANTAB, D-EFS, FR"BE, BDS (B#$%&'%*INVERTIDO, BRIEFS, CANTAB, D-EFS, FR"BE, BDS (B#$%&'%*D+".* S%*#), E/IT01 (E.#&'".% E2#3.'&%), CLO/ (C*4 D%5'6D+".* S%*#), E/IT01 (E.#&'".% E2#3.'&%), CLO/ (C*4 D%5'6T%"4), FAB(F.%* A""#"7#. 8%.#+), NPI(N#39"+$'%.+ I.%+),T%"4), FAB(F.%* A""#"7#. 8%.#+), NPI(N#39"+$'%.+ I.%+),FLOPS(F.%* L8# P#"%*'.+ S%*#):::FLOPS(F.%* L8# P#"%*'.+ S%*#):::


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T(re( STROOPT(re( STROOP

ROJO

500

525

550

575

600625

650

675

700

E0e%1o S1roo&

TRmedio(en

ms)

Con!uente "n#on!uente

En.(4o %on$r/en1e

ROJO

En.(4o In%on$r/en1e


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PROB!EMAS CON !ASPROB!EMAS CON !ASTAREASTAREAS

D(o. e1r(0ron1(le.5 ./6%or1i%(le. 4 &o.1eriore.D(o. e1r(0ron1(le.5 ./6%or1i%(le. 4 &o.1eriore.,no .lo 0ron1(le.2 (0e%1(n ( e'e%/%in en e.1(.,no .lo 0ron1(le.2 (0e%1(n ( e'e%/%in en e.1(.

1(re(. ,%ir%/i1o -i.1ri6/i-o5 -(o 0/n%ion(l m(.1(re(. ,%ir%/i1o -i.1ri6/i-o5 -(o 0/n%ion(l m(./e e.1r/%1/r(l2#/e e.1r/%1/r(l2#

!(. 1(re(. -e6en .er n/e3(. ,el &(.o -e!(. 1(re(. -e6en .er n/e3(. ,el &(.o -e&ro%e.o %on1rol(-o ( (/1om1i%o e. /n&ro%e.o %on1rol(-o ( (/1om1i%o e. /n%on1in/o28 el &ro6lem( -e l( &r%1i%(# Pro6lem(.%on1in/o28 el &ro6lem( -e l( &r%1i%(# Pro6lem(.-e 0i(6ili-(-#-e 0i(6ili-(-#

Im&/rez( -e l(. 1(re(.8 im&li%(n m/%>o.Im&/rez( -e l(. 1(re(.8 im&li%(n m/%>o.&ro%e.o. no e'e%/1i3o. /e %on1ri6/4en (l&ro%e.o. no e'e%/1i3o. /e %on1ri6/4en (lren-imien1o# Ir -e 1ien-(. en l( 3i-( re(l# ?(%erren-imien1o# Ir -e 1ien-(. en l( 3i-( re(l# ?(%erm(l l( 1(re( no im&li%( ne%e.(ri(men1e -(om(l l( 1(re( no im&li%( ne%e.(ri(men1e -(oe'e%/1i3o# Un( 1(re( no e'e%/1i3( &/e-e (%1i3(re'e%/1i3o# Un( 1(re( no e'e%/1i3( &/e-e (%1i3(r

el %or1e &re0ron1(l#el %or1e &re0ron1(l#


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Pro6lem(. %on l(. 1(re(. ;Pro6lem(. %on l(. 1(re(. ;

B('( %orre.&on-en%i( en1re &ro%e.o 4 0/n%in# ElB('( %orre.&on-en%i( en1re &ro%e.o 4 0/n%in# El.i.1em( -e re%ono%imien1o -e %(r(. .e (%1i3( (n1e 0o1o..i.1em( -e re%ono%imien1o -e %(r(. .e (%1i3( (n1e 0o1o.4 no (n1e &(l(6r(.5 &ero l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( .e (%1i3(4 no (n1e &(l(6r(.5 &ero l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( .e (%1i3((n1e 1o-( .i1/(%in# Un -(o e'e%/1i3o &ro-/%e -i3er.(.(n1e 1o-( .i1/(%in# Un -(o e'e%/1i3o &ro-/%e -i3er.(.

m(ni0e.1(%ione. en %on-/%1( 4 3i%e3er.(# !( %on-/%1(m(ni0e.1(%ione. en %on-/%1( 4 3i%e3er.(# !( %on-/%1(-e /1iliz(%in &/e-e 3enir -e -(o or6i1o0ron1(l 5-e /1iliz(%in &/e-e 3enir -e -(o or6i1o0ron1(l 5%(/-(-o5 1(lmi%o###%(/-(-o5 1(lmi%o###El e&erimen1(-or .e %on3ier1e en el e'e%/1i3o %en1r(lEl e&erimen1(-or .e %on3ier1e en el e'e%/1i3o %en1r(l%on ./. in.1r/%%ione.5 no -e'( li6er1(- &(r( 1om( -e%on ./. in.1r/%%ione.5 no -e'( li6er1(- &(r( 1om( -e

-e%i.ione. o el '/i%io# !(. 1(re(. .e(l(-(. no .on 6/en-e%i.ione. o el '/i%io# !(. 1(re(. .e(l(-(. no .on 6/en7n-i%e e'e%/1i3o# Di0eren%i(r %on1rol -e &ro%e.o# P/e-e7n-i%e e'e%/1i3o# Di0eren%i(r %on1rol -e &ro%e.o# P/e-e>(%er l( 1(re( &ero no -e m(ner( e.&on1ne( 4 .7 %on>(%er l( 1(re( &ero no -e m(ner( e.&on1ne( 4 .7 %on(4/-(. ,in.1r/%%ione. o %l(3e.2(4/-(. ,in.1r/%%ione. o %l(3e.2Pro6lem( -e 3(li-ez e%ol$i%(#Pro6lem( -e 3(li-ez e%ol$i%(#


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Hre(. $#ti%adas

Repetir vs. Generar en funcin de la PrcticaDatos de PET: Raichle et al. (1994

M(r1illo8

M(r1illo

Cl(3(r


10/84

VA!IDEK DE CONSTRUCTOVA!IDEK DE CONSTRUCTO&L $'$L"S"S $CTOR"$L "'"C$ *+LT",L&S $CTOR&S &'TR&&L $'$L"S"S $CTOR"$L "'"C$ *+LT",L&S $CTOR&S &'TR&T$R&$ST$R&$SCAT LCST 3er./. PASAT5 VSAT TMT#CAT LCST 3er./. PASAT5 VSAT TMT#LCST 3er./. Torre -e ?(noi5 -o6le -i.o%i(%in en -(o %ere6r(lLCST 3er./. Torre -e ?(noi5 -o6le -i.o%i(%in en -(o %ere6r(l

& "'TR$T$R&$& "'TR$T$R&$LCST8 PERSEVERACIN5 FA!!O EN MANTENER SET CRITERIOLCST8 PERSEVERACIN5 FA!!O EN MANTENER SET CRITERIODE ORDENACIN IDIOSINCRHTICO#DE ORDENACIN IDIOSINCRHTICO#

Pro6lem(. -e 3(li-ez -e %on.1r/%1o8Pro6lem(. -e 3(li-ez -e %on.1r/%1o8Un( 1(re( im&li%( m(. -e /n( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# No .e .(6e %/(l -((-(#Un( 1(re( im&li%( m(. -e /n( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# No .e .(6e %/(l -((-(#V(ri(. 1(re(. im&li%(n -i0eren1e. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. en -i0eren1e $r(-o#V(ri(. 1(re(. im&li%(n -i0eren1e. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. en -i0eren1e $r(-o#


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An(li.i. 0(%1ori(l -e 1(re(.An(li.i. 0(%1ori(l -e 1(re(.e'e%/1i3(. ,Ro4(ll 4 o1ro.5 ;


12/84

El LCST ./ele .er /n 0(%1or (i.l(-o ,1(lEl LCST ./ele .er /n 0(%1or (i.l(-o ,1(l3ez .e (.o%i( ( 0l/i-ez2#3ez .e (.o%i( ( 0l/i-ez2#

Se -i.o%i( -e Torre5 TMT5 S1roo&5 LAIS9Se -i.o%i( -e Torre5 TMT5 S1roo&5 LAIS9R#R#

TMT9STROOP 4 LAIS R ./elen %oin%i-irTMT9STROOP 4 LAIS R ./elen %oin%i-iren /n mi.mo 0(%1oren /n mi.mo 0(%1or

Se -i0eren%i( MT 3er6(l -e e.&(%i(lSe -i0eren%i( MT 3er6(l -e e.&(%i(l

Se -i0eren%i( %(&(%i-(- -e %on1rolSe -i0eren%i( %(&(%i-(- -e %on1rol


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L$ CORR&L$C"' &'TR& T$R&$SL$ CORR&L$C"' &'TR& T$R&$S&S S".'""C$T"/$ ,&RO *O&R$$&S S".'""C$T"/$ ,&RO *O&R$$(/$L"& CO'/&R.&'T& 030)4(/$L"& CO'/&R.&'T& 030)4

!A VA!IDEK DISCRIMINANTE!A VA!IDEK DISCRIMINANTE,(/.en%i( -e %orrel(%in %on re.&e%1o (,(/.en%i( -e %orrel(%in %on re.&e%1o (o1ro. &ro%e.o. &.i%ol$i%o.2 e.o1ro. &ro%e.o. &.i%ol$i%o.2 e.%om&le'(#%om&le'(#


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TAREAS 4 DIMENSIONES EJECUTIVASTAREAS 4 DIMENSIONES EJECUTIVAS1r(. (nli.i. l$i%o,Ro4(ll 4 o1ro.5 ;i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(LCST8 Gener(%in -e %on%e&1o.5 &l(ni0i%(%in e in>i6i%inLCST8 Gener(%in -e %on%e&1o.5 &l(ni0i%(%in e in>i6i%inTMT8 memori( -e 1r(6('o e In>i6i%inTMT8 memori( -e 1r(6('o e In>i6i%inGono Go8 Memori( -e 1r(6('o 3i./(l e in>i6i%inGono Go8 Memori( -e 1r(6('o 3i./(l e in>i6i%in

Dimensiones: planificacin, inhibicin, memoria de trabajo visual oDimensiones: planificacin, inhibicin, memoria de trabajo visual oespacial, generacin de conceptos.espacial, generacin de conceptos.


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)CUHNTAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS)CUHNTAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS?A+# J/r(-o 4 Ro.elli5 ;


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!A FUNCIN EJECUTIVA NO!A FUNCIN EJECUTIVA NOES UNITARIAES UNITARIA

Si (n(liz(mo. l(. 1(re(. /e .e /1iliz(nSi (n(liz(mo. l(. 1(re(. /e .e /1iliz(n%omo m(r%(-ore. -e 0/n%in 0ron1(l en%omo m(r%(-ore. -e 0/n%in 0ron1(l en1rmino. -e &ro%e.o. %o$ni1i3o.1rmino. -e &ro%e.o. %o$ni1i3o.

en%on1r(mo. -i0eren1e. ni3ele. -een%on1r(mo. -i0eren1e. ni3ele. -eor$(niz(%in ,Mi4(e 4 o1ro.5 ;


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2T(re(. %l.i%(.8 LCST5 Torre -e ?(noi52T(re(. %l.i%(.8 LCST5 Torre -e ?(noi5Gener(%in (le(1ori( -e [email protected] me-i-(. -eGener(%in (le(1ori( -e [email protected] me-i-(. -e%(&(%i-(- 4 1(re(. -/(le.5%(&(%i-(- 4 1(re(. -/(le.5;2F/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(.8 %(m6io -e -i.&o.i%in;2F/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(.8 %(m6io -e -i.&o.i%in

men1(l ,1(. .:i1%>in$25 moni1oriz(%in ,n96(%2men1(l ,1(. .:i1%>in$25 moni1oriz(%in ,n96(%2e in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1( -omin(n1e ,S1roo& oe in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1( -omin(n1e ,S1roo& o.1o& .i$n(l5 1(re( (n1i.(%-i%( or $o9no $o 1(.2.1o& .i$n(l5 1(re( (n1i.(%-i%( or $o9no $o 1(.22O&er(%ione. elemen1(le.82O&er(%ione. elemen1(le.8

In>i6i%ionIn>i6i%ionCAMBIO-e.en$(n%>e5 %(m6io 4 en$(n%>e5CAMBIO-e.en$(n%>e5 %(m6io 4 en$(n%>e5MONITORIKACIN i$nor(r in0orm(%inMONITORIKACIN i$nor(r in0orm(%inirrele3(n1e n/e3( 4 ./&rimir in0orm(%in 4( noirrele3(n1e n/e3( 4 ./&rimir in0orm(%in 4( no

rele3(n1e#rele3(n1e#


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ANA!ISIS FACTORIA!ANA!ISIS FACTORIA!CONFIRMATORIOCONFIRMATORIO

!(. 1re. 0/n%ione. E'e%/1i3(. 6.i%(. %orrel(%ion(n mo-er(-(men1e!(. 1re. 0/n%ione. E'e%/1i3(. 6.i%(. %orrel(%ion(n mo-er(-(men1een1re ell(. ,i6i%in -e re.&/e.1( ,mo3# &1imo e. lle3(r el-i.%o le'o. -e l( me1(8%on0li%1o ./6me1(9me1(2-i.%o le'o. -e l( me1(8%on0li%1o ./6me1(9me1(2Gener(%in Ale(1ori( -e N@mero. en in>i6i%in ,./&rimir .e%/en%i(.Gener(%in Ale(1ori( -e N@mero. en in>i6i%in ,./&rimir .e%/en%i(.e.1ereo1i&(-(.2 4 moni1oriz(%in ,-e re.&/e.1(. re%ien1e.2#e.1ereo1i&(-(.2 4 moni1oriz(%in ,-e re.&/e.1(. re%ien1e.2#!(. 1(re(. -/(le. no in%l/4en nin$/n( -e e.1(. 1re. 0/n%ione. 6.i%(.#!(. 1(re(. -/(le. no in%l/4en nin$/n( -e e.1(. 1re. 0/n%ione. 6.i%(.#!(. 1(re(. -e %(&(%i-(- m/e.1r(n /n &e.o m(4or -e moni1oriz(%in#!(. 1(re(. -e %(&(%i-(- m/e.1r(n /n &e.o m(4or -e moni1oriz(%in#!( in1eli$en%i( 0l/i-( .e (.o%i( ( l( (%1/(liz(%in &ero no ( l( in>i6i%in!( in1eli$en%i( 0l/i-( .e (.o%i( ( l( (%1/(liz(%in &ero no ( l( in>i6i%inni (l %(m6io men1(l#ni (l %(m6io men1(l#


19/84

Se$@n Mi4(e,?(r3e4 4 o1ro.5 ;

%(m6io .e1 (%1/(liz(r in>i6ir%(m6io .e1 (%1/(liz(r in>i6ir

TMTB TMTB

LCST LCST S1roo& S1roo&

N6(% N6(%

Fl/i-ez Fl/i-ez Pero LCSTTMT 4 -i.1in1o ( S1roo&Pero LCSTTMT 4 -i.1in1o ( S1roo&,(n(li.i. 0(%1ori(l no %on0irm( e.1o2,(n(li.i. 0(%1ori(l no %on0irm( e.1o2


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Sin-rome -i.e'e%/1i3oSin-rome -i.e'e%/1i3o

R(.$o. %on-/%1/(le.8 &o6re (/1o%on1rol5 im&/l.i3i-(-5R(.$o. %on-/%1/(le.8 &o6re (/1o%on1rol5 im&/l.i3i-(-5&ro6lem(. &(r( in>i6ir re.&/e.1(.5 &o6re ini%i(1i3( ,(l&ro6lem(. &(r( in>i6ir re.&/e.1(.5 &o6re ini%i(1i3( ,(lini%i(r (%%ione.25 in0lei6ili-(- o &er.e3er(%inini%i(r (%%ione.25 in0lei6ili-(- o &er.e3er(%in,&ro6lem(. &(r( 1ermin(r (%%ione.25 %on-/%1( -e,&ro6lem(. &(r( 1ermin(r (%%ione.25 %on-/%1( -e

imi1(%in -e $e.1o. o /1iliz(%in -e.%on1e1/(liz(-( -eimi1(%in -e $e.1o. o /1iliz(%in -e.%on1e1/(liz(-( -eo6'e1o.5 (l &rioriz(r o e.1(6le%er me1(. 4 ./6me1(.o6'e1o.5 (l &rioriz(r o e.1(6le%er me1(. 4 ./6me1(.,.e%/en%i(r25 &(r( el &en.(mien1o (6.1r(%1o5 &(r(,.e%/en%i(r25 &(r( el &en.(mien1o (6.1r(%1o5 &(r(3(lor(r l(. me1(. 4 mo1i3o. -e o1ro. ,1eor7( -e l(3(lor(r l(. me1(. 4 mo1i3o. -e o1ro. ,1eor7( -e l(men1e25 &(r( (0ron1(r l( no3e-(- ,(-(&1(6ili-(-25 /.(r l(men1e25 &(r( (0ron1(r l( no3e-(- ,(-(&1(6ili-(-25 /.(r l(

re1ro(limen1(%in5 -e1e%1(r errore.5 (/1o9moni1oriz(r elre1ro(limen1(%in5 -e1e%1(r errore.5 (/1o9moni1oriz(r el&ro$re.o###&ro$re.o###R(.$o. %o$ni1i3o.8 F(llo en 1(re(. /e re/ieren l(R(.$o. %o$ni1i3o.8 F(llo en 1(re(. /e re/ieren l(0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# B('o %on1rol -el &ro%e.(mien1o0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# B('o %on1rol -el &ro%e.(mien1o(/1om1i%o#(/1om1i%o#

D(o &re0ron1(lD(o &re0ron1(l


21/84

P?INEAS CAGEP?INEAS CAGE

C(.o P>ine(. %($e8 ?om6re 0(mili(r1r(n/ilo# Tr(. le.in5 .in &ro6lem(. -ememori(5 len$/('e 4 0/n%ion mo1riz5 &ero%(m6io %om&le1o -e &er.on(li-(-#

R(.$o. %om&or1(men1(le.8 &o6re(/1o%on1rol5 im&/l.i3i-(-5 re.&/e.1(.err1i%(.5 in0lei6ili-(- 4 &o6re ini%i(%in-el -i.%/r.o,!ez(5 2


22/84

PROB!EMAS COGNITIVOSPROB!EMAS COGNITIVOS

J/i%io 4 r(zon(mien1oJ/i%io 4 r(zon(mien1o

&l(ni0i%(%in&l(ni0i%(%in

!en1i1/- ,3elo%i-(- &er%e&1i3(2!en1i1/- ,3elo%i-(- &er%e&1i3(2

Di.1r(%%in ,(1en%in2Di.1r(%%in ,(1en%in2

No (&ren-en e&erien%i(No (&ren-en e&erien%i(

Menor 0l/i-ez ,&ro6lem(. len$/('e 4 -i.%/r.o2Menor 0l/i-ez ,&ro6lem(. len$/('e 4 -i.%/r.o2

Pro6lem(. memori( ,MT5 0(l.o. re%/er-o.2Pro6lem(. memori( ,MT5 0(l.o. re%/er-o.2Tom( -e%i.ione.Tom( -e%i.ione.


23/84

Pro6lem(. -e &er.on(li-(-Pro6lem(. -e &er.on(li-(-

In(-(&1(%in .o%i(lIn(-(&1(%in .o%i(l

Im&/l.i3i-(-Im&/l.i3i-(-

Con-/%1(. -e rie.$oCon-/%1(. -e rie.$oA&(17(A&(17(

In1oler(n%i( ( 0r/.1r(%inIn1oler(n%i( ( 0r/.1r(%in

De.in>i6i%inDe.in>i6i%inSo%io&(17( (-/iri-(So%io&(17( (-/iri-(


24/84

Pro6lem(. -e %on-/%1(Pro6lem(. -e %on-/%1(

?i&er(%1i3i-(- $lo6(l?i&er(%1i3i-(- $lo6(l

?i&o(%1i3i-(- $lo6(l?i&o(%1i3i-(- $lo6(l

Per.e3er(%inPer.e3er(%inDe&en-en%i( %on1e1o ,%on-/%1( -eDe&en-en%i( %on1e1o ,%on-/%1( -e/1iliz(%in 4 e%o&r(i(2/1iliz(%in 4 e%o&r(i(2


25/84

INTERPRETACIONESINTERPRETACIONESTERICASTERICAS

SISTEMA ATENCIONA! SUPERVISORSISTEMA ATENCIONA! SUPERVISOR

MEMORIA DE TRABAJOMEMORIA DE TRABAJO

ORGANIKACIN TEMPORA! DE !AORGANIKACIN TEMPORA! DE !ACONDUCTACONDUCTA

SESGO TOP9DOLN A MODU!OSSESGO TOP9DOLN A MODU!OS

POSTERIORES CORTICA!ES POSTERIORES CORTICA!ES SUBCORTICA!ES#SUBCORTICA!ES#

OTROSOTROS


26/84

Estructuras de

An lisis!

Sensorial-

Perceptual

Sistema AtencionalSupervisor

Sistema de Activacin

Motivacional

Protoc

olodesecuenciacindeesquemas

Esquemas

AccionesInternas

yExternas

Entrada deInformacin

Base de

Datos de

Disparo de

Esquemas

*odeo de 'o!man : Sai#e4 1986


27/84

MEMORIA DE TRABAJOMEMORIA DE TRABAJO

Re./l1( -e l( in1er(%%in -e l( memori( ( %or1oRe./l1( -e l( in1er(%%in -e l( memori( ( %or1o&l(zo ,9; i1em. o ; .e$/n-o.2 o &iz(rr(&l(zo ,9; i1em. o ; .e$/n-o.2 o &iz(rr(men1(l 4 l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,el l&iz men1(l2#men1(l 4 l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,el l&iz men1(l2#

Ei.1en -o. (lm(%ene.5 /no 3i./(l ,im$ene.Ei.1en -o. (lm(%ene.5 /no 3i./(l ,im$ene.men1(le.2 4 o1ro 0onol$i%o ,>(6l( in1ern(2# Sonmen1(le.2 4 o1ro 0onol$i%o ,>(6l( in1ern(2# Sonlimi1(-o. -e %(&(%i-(-limi1(-o. -e %(&(%i-(-

!( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( m(ni&/l( l( in0orm(%in#!( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( m(ni&/l( l( in0orm(%in#Ro1(5 or-en(5 in3ier1e5 mo-i0i%( l( e.%(l( -eRo1(5 or-en(5 in3ier1e5 mo-i0i%( l( e.%(l( -e(nli.i. 4 el 1(m(o5 %om&(r(5 (%1/(liz(5(nli.i. 4 el 1(m(o5 %om&(r(5 (%1/(liz(5re&(.(###re&(.(###


28/84

F/.1er5 l( or$(niz(%in 1em&or(lF/.1er5 l( or$(niz(%in 1em&or(l

Se$@n F/.1er ,2 l( e.1r/%1/r(%in5 or-en(%in eSe$@n F/.1er ,2 l( e.1r/%1/r(%in5 or-en(%in ein1e$r(%in -e l( in0orm(%in 4 -e l( %on-/%1( en elin1e$r(%in -e l( in0orm(%in 4 -e l( %on-/%1( en el1iem&o e. l( &rin%i&(l 0/n%in -el %r1e &re0ron1(l#1iem&o e. l( &rin%i&(l 0/n%in -el %r1e &re0ron1(l#!(. le.ione. &re0ron1(le. .e 1r(-/%en en &ro6lem(. &(r(!(. le.ione. &re0ron1(le. .e 1r(-/%en en &ro6lem(. &(r(

re%or-(r el or-en 1em&or(l -e lo. (%on1e%imien1o.re%or-(r el or-en 1em&or(l -e lo. (%on1e%imien1o.,Q/in1(n( 4 F/.1er5 2#,Q/in1(n( 4 F/.1er5 2#P(re%e %l(ro /e lo. (.&e%1o. e.&(%i(le. 4 lo. (.&e%1o.P(re%e %l(ro /e lo. (.&e%1o. e.&(%i(le. 4 lo. (.&e%1o.1em&or(le. -e6en .er in1e$r(-o. &(r( l( %on-/%1(1em&or(le. -e6en .er in1e$r(-o. &(r( l( %on-/%1(e0i%(z5 e.1( in1e$r(%in ./r$e -e l( in1er(%%in en1re ele0i%(z5 e.1( in1e$r(%in ./r$e -e l( in1er(%%in en1re el

%r1e &(rie1(l 4 el %r1e &re0ron1(l#%r1e &(rie1(l 4 el %r1e &re0ron1(l#C>(m6er ,2 %on.i-er( /e l( %on-/%1( norm(lC>(m6er ,2 %on.i-er( /e l( %on-/%1( norm(l./r$e -e l( %om6in(%in -e -o. 1en-en%i(. o&/e.1(.5 el./r$e -e l( %om6in(%in -e -o. 1en-en%i(. o&/e.1(.5 el%r1e &(rie1(l ini%i( l(. (%%ione. ,1ro&i.mo &o.i1i3o2%r1e &(rie1(l ini%i( l(. (%%ione. ,1ro&i.mo &o.i1i3o2

mien1r(. /e el %r1e 0ron1(l in>i6e (%%ione. ,1ro&i.momien1r(. /e el %r1e 0ron1(l in>i6e (%%ione. ,1ro&i.mone$(1i3o2#ne$(1i3o2#


29/84

F/.1erF/.1er

F/.1er ,2 /.( /n( 1(re( -e memori( ( %or1oF/.1er ,2 /.( /n( 1(re( -e memori( ( %or1o&l(zo /e %on.i.1e en &re.en1(r (l (nim(l /n&l(zo /e %on.i.1e en &re.en1(r (l (nim(l /no6'e1o en /n( -e (l meno. -o. &o.i6le.o6'e1o en /n( -e (l meno. -o. &o.i6le.lo%(liz(%ione. ,.e(l25 o%/l1n-olo &or /nlo%(liz(%ione. ,.e(l25 o%/l1n-olo &or /n

&erio-o -e 1iem&o 3(ri(6le ,-e < ( ; .e$/n-o.2&erio-o -e 1iem&o 3(ri(6le ,-e < ( ; .e$/n-o.24 e3(l/(n-o ./ re%/&er(%in &or &(r1e -el4 e3(l/(n-o ./ re%/&er(%in &or &(r1e -el(nim(l5 ( 1r(3.5 &or e'em&lo5 -e l( emi.in -e(nim(l5 ( 1r(3.5 &or e'em&lo5 -e l( emi.in -e/n( re.&/e.1( o%/l(r >(%i( el l/$(r -el o6'e1o/n( re.&/e.1( o%/l(r >(%i( el l/$(r -el o6'e1o1r(. el in1er3(lo -e e.&er( o -e /n( re.&/e.1(1r(. el in1er3(lo -e e.&er( o -e /n( re.&/e.1(

m(n/(l %on el 6r(zo iz/ier-o o -ere%>o enm(n/(l %on el 6r(zo iz/ier-o o -ere%>o eno%(.ione.5 el (nim(l -e6e ele$ir en1re el o6'e1oo%(.ione.5 el (nim(l -e6e ele$ir en1re el o6'e1o(n1erior 4 /no n/e3o5 .ien-o re0orz(-o .i eli$e el(n1erior 4 /no n/e3o5 .ien-o re0orz(-o .i eli$e el(n1erior# En $ener(l5 l( e'e%/%in -e%(e (l(n1erior# En $ener(l5 l( e'e%/%in -e%(e (l(/men1(r el in1er3(lo -e -emor(#(/men1(r el in1er3(lo -e -emor(#


30/84

P!AN DE ACCINP!AN DE ACCIN

N/e.1ro (/1or en%on1r /e l(. ne/ron(. &re0ron1(le.N/e.1ro (/1or en%on1r /e l(. ne/ron(. &re0ron1(le.-i.&(r(ron -/r(n1e el 1iem&o -e -emor( ,-e ;-i.&(r(ron -/r(n1e el 1iem&o -e -emor( ,-e ;.e$/n-o.25 -e m(ner( /e l( (%1i3(%in .e m(n1/3o.e$/n-o.25 -e m(ner( /e l( (%1i3(%in .e m(n1/3o-/r(n1e 1o-o el &erio-o 4 no .e 3io (0e%1(-( &or el-/r(n1e 1o-o el &erio-o 4 no .e 3io (0e%1(-( &or el

e0e%1or /.(-o ,6r(zo iz/ier-o o -ere%>o2#e0e%1or /.(-o ,6r(zo iz/ier-o o -ere%>o2#!(. ne/ron(. -e l( re$in &(rie1(l &o.1erior5 /e!(. ne/ron(. -e l( re$in &(rie1(l &o.1erior5 /e1(m6in 0/eron re$i.1r(-(.5 .in em6(r$o no (/men1(ron1(m6in 0/eron re$i.1r(-(.5 .in em6(r$o no (/men1(ron./ -i.&(ro -/r(n1e l( -emor(5 .ien-o ./ (%1i3(%in./ -i.&(ro -/r(n1e l( -emor(5 .ien-o ./ (%1i3(%in-e&en-ien1e -el e0e%1or /.(-o5 o -e l( -ire%%in -el-e&en-ien1e -el e0e%1or /.(-o5 o -e l( -ire%%in -el

mo3imien1o o%/l(r en o1ro. e.1/-io. ,Je(nnero-5 2#mo3imien1o o%/l(r en o1ro. e.1/-io. ,Je(nnero-5 2#Se$@n F/.1er5 l( (%1i3(%in .o.1eni-( -e l(. ne/ron(.Se$@n F/.1er5 l( (%1i3(%in .o.1eni-( -e l(. ne/ron(.&re0ron1(le. .ir3e %omo &/en1e 1em&or(l en1re l( .e(l 4&re0ron1(le. .ir3e %omo &/en1e 1em&or(l en1re l( .e(l 4l( re.&/e.1(#l( re.&/e.1(#

!( %o(%1i3(%in -el %r1e &re0ron1(l 4 -el &(rie1(l!( %o(%1i3(%in -el %r1e &re0ron1(l 4 -el &(rie1(l%on.1i1/ir7( l( re&re.en1(%in -e /n &l(n -e (%%in#%on.1i1/ir7( l( re&re.en1(%in -e /n &l(n -e (%%in#


31/84

F/.1erF/.1er

F/.1er m(n1iene /e l( &(r1e -or.ol(1er(l -elF/.1er m(n1iene /e l( &(r1e -or.ol(1er(l -el%r1e &re0ron1(l e.1 im&li%(-( en l(%r1e &re0ron1(l e.1 im&li%(-( en l(&l(ni0i%(%in 4 e.1r/%1/r(%in -e l( (%%in en el&l(ni0i%(%in 4 e.1r/%1/r(%in -e l( (%%in en el1iem&o5 mien1r(. /e ./ &(r1e 3en1r(l e.11iem&o5 mien1r(. /e ./ &(r1e 3en1r(l e.1(.o%i(-( ( l( in>i6i%in -e 1en-en%i(. -e(.o%i(-( ( l( in>i6i%in -e 1en-en%i(. -ere.&/e.1( in(-e%/(-(. o el %on1rol -e re.&/e.1(re.&/e.1( in(-e%/(-(. o el %on1rol -e re.&/e.1(6(.(-o en l(. &ro&ie-(-e. in1r7n.e%(. -el6(.(-o en l(. &ro&ie-(-e. in1r7n.e%(. -elo6'e1o ,Je(nnero-5 2#o6'e1o ,Je(nnero-5 2#

E.1( -/(li-(- 0/n%ion(l re0le'( el &(1rn -eE.1( -/(li-(- 0/n%ion(l re0le'( el &(1rn -e%oneione. (0eren1e.5 ori$in(-o en el %r1e%oneione. (0eren1e.5 ori$in(-o en el %r1e&(rie1(l &o.1erior &(r( l( &(r1e -or.(l 4 en el&(rie1(l &o.1erior &(r( l( &(r1e -or.(l 4 en el%r1e in0ero1em&or(l &(r( l( &(r1e 3en1r(l#%r1e in0ero1em&or(l &(r( l( &(r1e 3en1r(l#


32/84

Pro6lem(. %on (%%ione. enPro6lem(. %on (%%ione. enm@l1i&le. &(.o. ,S%>:(r1z5 2m@l1i&le. &(.o. ,S%>:(r1z5 2Omi.in -e &(.o.Omi.in -e &(.o.In3er.in -e &(.o.In3er.in -e &(.o.Per.e3er(%ione.Per.e3er(%ione.Con0/.in ,./.1i1/%ione. en /.o o6'e1o.2Con0/.in ,./.1i1/%ione. en /.o o6'e1o.2In1err/&%in 1(re( en %/r.oIn1err/&%in 1(re( en %/r.oNo .e re.&e1(n me1(.No .e re.&e1(n me1(.No mo-i0i%(%in %on-/%1( &orNo mo-i0i%(%in %on-/%1( &or%on.e%/en%i(.#%on.e%/en%i(.#


33/84

OTRAS OPCIONESOTRAS OPCIONES

O1r(. o&%ione. .on8O1r(. o&%ione. .on8

No ei.1e l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( .ino l( re.ol/%inNo ei.1e l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( .ino l( re.ol/%in-e &ro6lem(.8 e1(&(. -e &l(n5 e'e%/%in 4-e &ro6lem(.8 e1(&(. -e &l(n5 e'e%/%in 4

re1ro(limen1(%in ,Kel(zo2#re1ro(limen1(%in ,Kel(zo2#!o. m(r%(-ore. .om1i%o. ,l( -i3i.in %o$ni1i3(!o. m(r%(-ore. .om1i%o. ,l( -i3i.in %o$ni1i3(4 emo%ion(l o (1en%ion(l9mo1i3(%ion(l 4 ./4 emo%ion(l o (1en%ion(l9mo1i3(%ion(l 4 ./in1e$r(%in28&ien.o l/e$o ei.1o o .ien1o l/e$oin1e$r(%in28&ien.o l/e$o ei.1o o .ien1o l/e$oei.1o#ei.1o#

!( mor(l 4 el >/mor5 el r$(no -e l( .o%ie-(-#!( mor(l 4 el >/mor5 el r$(no -e l( .o%ie-(-#


34/84

UN POCO DE ANATOMWAUN POCO DE ANATOMWA

!A CORTEKA FRONTA! SE DIVIDE EN -o. re$ione.8!A CORTEKA FRONTA! SE DIVIDE EN -o. re$ione.8!( ($r(n/l(r o &o.1erior O CEREBRO MOTOR,no >(4 %(&( IV8!( ($r(n/l(r o &o.1erior O CEREBRO MOTOR,no >(4 %(&( IV8In1erne/ron(. GABAer$i%(. in>i6i1ori(.28 NEURONAS ESPEJO#In1erne/ron(. GABAer$i%(. in>i6i1ori(.28 NEURONAS ESPEJO#

4 l( (n1erior o $r(n/l(r /e .o.1iene l(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. 44 l( (n1erior o $r(n/l(r /e .o.1iene l(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. 4en$lo6( el &re0ron1(l ,re$ione. -or.ol(1er(l 4 or6i1(lme-i(l2#en$lo6( el &re0ron1(l ,re$ione. -or.ol(1er(l 4 or6i1(lme-i(l2#

9MOTORA ,re( mo1or( &rim(ri(5 %or1ez( &remo1or(5 re( mo1or(9MOTORA ,re( mo1or( &rim(ri(5 %or1ez( &remo1or(5 re( mo1or(./&lemen1(ri(5 re( -e Bro%( 4 -e %on1rol o%/lomo1or# Pl(ni0i%( 4./&lemen1(ri(5 re( -e Bro%( 4 -e %on1rol o%/lomo1or# Pl(ni0i%( 4e'e%/1( l( (%%in28 Di.1in1o. %ir%/i1o. mo1ore. 4 &remo1ore.#e'e%/1( l( (%%in28 Di.1in1o. %ir%/i1o. mo1ore. 4 &remo1ore.#

9PREFRONTA! ,%or1ez( -or.ol(1er(l5 3en1rome-i(l 4 or6i1(ri(29PREFRONTA! ,%or1ez( -or.ol(1er(l5 3en1rome-i(l 4 or6i1(ri(29PARA!WMBICA ,re$in (n1erior %or1e %in$/l(-o5 moni1oriz( l(9PARA!WMBICA ,re$in (n1erior %or1e %in$/l(-o5 moni1oriz( l(

(%%in2#(%%in2#


35/84

CONE"IONES FUNCIONESCONE"IONES FUNCIONES

CON GANG!IOS DE !A BASE ,&/1(men5CON GANG!IOS DE !A BASE ,&/1(men5%(/-(-o 4 n/%leo (%%/m6en. re.&e%1i3(men1e2%(/-(-o 4 n/%leo (%%/m6en. re.&e%1i3(men1e24 E! TH!AMO#4 E! TH!AMO#

!( %or1ez( or6i1o0ron1(l8 Con l( (mi$-(l(!( %or1ez( or6i1o0ron1(l8 Con l( (mi$-(l(,emo%in25 el >i&o%(m&o ,memori(2 4 (re(.,emo%in25 el >i&o%(m&o ,memori(2 4 (re(.1em&or(le.,&ro%e.(mien1o 3i./(l -e (l1o ni3el2#1em&or(le.,&ro%e.(mien1o 3i./(l -e (l1o ni3el2#S/ -(o .e (.o%i( ( &ro6lem(. -eS/ -(o .e (.o%i( ( &ro6lem(. -e&er.on(li-(-5 -e >(6ili-(-e. .o%i(le. e&er.on(li-(-5 -e >(6ili-(-e. .o%i(le. eim&/l.i3i-(-5 mori(# Con-/%1( -e /1iliz(%in5im&/l.i3i-(-5 mori(# Con-/%1( -e /1iliz(%in5e%o&r(i( 4 1om( -e rie.$o# F/n%in e'e%/1i3(e%o&r(i( 4 1om( -e rie.$o# F/n%in e'e%/1i3(%(lien1e# Ar1eri( %ere6r(l me-i(#%(lien1e# Ar1eri( %ere6r(l me-i(#


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!( %or1ez( -or.ol(1er(l8 %on l(. o1r(. %or1ez(.!( %or1ez( -or.ol(1er(l8 %on l(. o1r(. %or1ez(.0ron1(le. 4 el &(rie1(l ,in0#e.&(%i(l24 el %or1e0ron1(le. 4 el &(rie1(l ,in0#e.&(%i(l24 el %or1e1em&or(l,in0#1em&or(l2# Se (.o%i( ( memori( -e1em&or(l,in0#1em&or(l2# Se (.o%i( ( memori( -e1r(6('o 4 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# Pl(ni0i%(r5 .e%/en%i(r1r(6('o 4 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(# Pl(ni0i%(r5 .e%/en%i(r

%on-/%1(5 0l/i-ez# F/n%in e'e%/1i3( 0r7(#Ar1eri(.%on-/%1(5 0l/i-ez# F/n%in e'e%/1i3( 0r7(#Ar1eri(.(n1erior 4 me-i(#(n1erior 4 me-i(#El -(o en el %7n$/lo .e (.o%i( ( &ro6lem(.El -(o en el %7n$/lo .e (.o%i( ( &ro6lem(.mo1i3(%ion(le.5 (6/li( 4 (&(17(# De1e%%in -emo1i3(%ion(le.5 (6/li( 4 (&(17(# De1e%%in -e

%on0li%1o -e re.&/e.1( 4 errore.# Coneione. %on%on0li%1o -e re.&/e.1( 4 errore.# Coneione. %on>i&o%(m&o 4 (mi$-(l( ( 1r(3. n/%leo (%%/m6en.>i&o%(m&o 4 (mi$-(l( ( 1r(3. n/%leo (%%/m6en.,e.1ri(-o 3en1r(l2# Fr7o 4 %(lien1e# Ar1eri( (n1erior#,e.1ri(-o 3en1r(l2# Fr7o 4 %(lien1e# Ar1eri( (n1erior#


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!e.in -el e.1ri(-o5 -e.in>i6e el!e.in -el e.1ri(-o5 -e.in>i6e el&(li-o /e in>i6e (l 1(l(mo#&(li-o /e in>i6e (l 1(l(mo#

Cor1e &re0ron1(lCor1e &re0ron1(l

E.1ri(-oE.1ri(-o 99

P(li-oP(li-o

99T(l(moT(l(mo


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SIMP!IFICANDOSIMP!IFICANDO

!e.in &re0ron1(l -or.ol(1er(l (0e%1( ( &l(ni0i%(%in5!e.in &re0ron1(l -or.ol(1er(l (0e%1( ( &l(ni0i%(%in5$ener(%in -e >i&1e.i. 4 %on1rol ,0/n%in e'e%/1i3(8$ener(%in -e >i&1e.i. 4 %on1rol ,0/n%in e'e%/1i3(8(%1/(liz(r 4 %(m6i(r5 moni1oriz(r5 m(ni&/l(r2(%1/(liz(r 4 %(m6i(r5 moni1oriz(r5 m(ni&/l(r2

!e.in 3en1rol(1er(l (0e%1( ( l( %o-i0i%(%in 4!e.in 3en1rol(1er(l (0e%1( ( l( %o-i0i%(%in 4

re%/&er(%in -e memori( e&i.-i%(,%(&(%i-(- MCP 4re%/&er(%in -e memori( e&i.-i%(,%(&(%i-(- MCP 4m(n1enimien1o 4 %om&(r(%in -e l( in0orm(%in2m(n1enimien1o 4 %om&(r(%in -e l( in0orm(%in2

!e.in or6i1o0ron1(l (0e%1( ( in.i$>15 '/i%io e im&/l.i3i-(-!e.in or6i1o0ron1(l (0e%1( ( in.i$>15 '/i%io e im&/l.i3i-(-,in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(2,in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(2

!e.in %in$/l(-( &ro-/%e in-i0eren%i( 4 -e.%on1rol!e.in %in$/l(-( &ro-/%e in-i0eren%i( 4 -e.%on1rol,moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o 4 -e1e%1(r error2,moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o 4 -e1e%1(r error2


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))DIFERENTES FUNCIONES EJECUTIVASDIFERENTES FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS AREAS CEREBRA!ES ESPECWFICAS+ AREAS CEREBRA!ES ESPECWFICAS+

$#ti%a#iones #omunes a a#tuaiza#in4 #amio e$#ti%a#iones #omunes a a#tuaiza#in4 #amio einii#in son (Coete : ot!os4 2005) inii#in son (Coete : ot!os4 2005) R&."O'&S ,OST&R"OR&S & ."RO ,$R"&T$LR&."O'&S ,OST&R"OR&S & ."RO ,$R"&T$LS;,&R"OR "@;"&RO > &L S;LC;SS;,&R"OR "@;"&RO > &L S;LC;S

"'TR$,$R"&T$L &R&CAO T$*


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T(re(. 4 %ir%/i1o. 0ron1(le.T(re(. 4 %ir%/i1o. 0ron1(le.,J/r(-o 4 Ro.elli5 ;


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Di.1in1(. 1(re(.5 mi.m(. re(.Di.1in1(. 1(re(.5 mi.m(. re(.

Pl(ni0i%(%in ,Torre.25 -e ( ;


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Mi.m( 1(re(5 -i.1in1(. re(.Mi.m( 1(re(5 -i.1in1(. re(.

Flei6ili-(- %o$ni1i3( -e ( ;


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NO PARECE QUE !OS RESU!TADOSNO PARECE QUE !OS RESU!TADOSPSICOM*TRICOS8 ANH!ISIS FACTORIA! PSICOM*TRICOS8 ANH!ISIS FACTORIA! ESTUDIOS DE CORRE!ACIN DEPENDANESTUDIOS DE CORRE!ACIN DEPENDANDE !AS HREAS CEREBRA!ES ACTIVADAS#DE !AS HREAS CEREBRA!ES ACTIVADAS#

ZT(re(. /e no %orrel(%ion(n (%1i3(n re(.ZT(re(. /e no %orrel(%ion(n (%1i3(n re(.%om/ne.8 S1roo& 4 LCST ACC 4 D!PFC#%om/ne.8 S1roo& 4 LCST ACC 4 D!PFC#

ZT(re(. /e %orrel(%ion(n o %on.1i1/4en /n 0(%1orZT(re(. /e %orrel(%ion(n o %on.1i1/4en /n 0(%1or

(%1i3(n re(. -i0eren1e.8 Fl/i-ez 4 LCST#(%1i3(n re(. -i0eren1e.8 Fl/i-ez 4 LCST#

ZUn( mi.m( 1(re( (%1i3( -i0eren1e. re(. .e$@n elZUn( mi.m( 1(re( (%1i3( -i0eren1e. re(. .e$@n ele.1/-io ,LCST2e.1/-io ,LCST2

T i i1 0 1 l El


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T(re(. 4 %ir%/i1o. 0ron1(le. 8 ElT(re(. 4 %ir%/i1o. 0ron1(le. 8 El%(m6io -e 1(re(%(m6io -e 1(re(

Pre&(r(%in -e 1(re( en el &(r(-i$m( -el %(m6io -e 1(re(8 l( /ninPre&(r(%in -e 1(re( en el &(r(-i$m( -el %(m6io -e 1(re(8 l( /nin0ron1(l in0erior iz/ier-( 4 el re( &re AMS ,Br(.. 4 Von0ron1(l in0erior iz/ier-( 4 el re( &re AMS ,Br(.. 4 VonCr(mon5;


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Bon9Mi G/ 4 o1ro.5 ;


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An(1om7( -e l( memori( -e 1r(6('oAn(1om7( -e l( memori( -e 1r(6('o,C(r&en1er 4 o1ro.5 ;


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D!PFCD!PFC

D!PFC ,re$in 0ron1(l -or.ol(1er(l28 Moni1oriz( 4D!PFC ,re$in 0ron1(l -or.ol(1er(l28 Moni1oriz( 4m(ni&/l( l( in0orm(%in en V!PFCm(ni&/l( l( in0orm(%in en V!PFCD!PFC .e (%1i3( m. en 1(re(. -e N96(%5 &eroD!PFC .e (%1i3( m. en 1(re(. -e N96(%5 &ero1(m6in .e (%1i3( m. %/(n-o (/men1( l( %(r$(1(m6in .e (%1i3( m. %/(n-o (/men1( l( %(r$(

men1(l# El iz/ier-o .i el m(1eri(l e. 3er6(l 4 elmen1(l# El iz/ier-o .i el m(1eri(l e. 3er6(l 4 el-ere%>o .i e. e.&(%i(l# A%1i3(%in &(rie1(l .i e. -e-ere%>o .i e. e.&(%i(l# A%1i3(%in &(rie1(l .i e. -elo%(liz(%in e in0ero1em&or(l .i e. 3i./(l#lo%(liz(%in e in0ero1em&or(l .i e. 3i./(l#El -e.%/6rimien1o -e re$l(. 1(m6in .e (.o%i( ( l(El -e.%/6rimien1o -e re$l(. 1(m6in .e (.o%i( ( l(

re$in -or.ol(1er(l#re$in -or.ol(1er(l#A1en%in .o.1eni-(8 -or.ol(1er(l -ere%>oA1en%in .o.1eni-(8 -or.ol(1er(l -ere%>oT(m6in en (1en%in -i3i-i-( 4 .ele%1i3(T(m6in en (1en%in -i3i-i-( 4 .ele%1i3(Or$(niz(%in -e C>/n. &(r( re-/%ir %(r$( -eOr$(niz(%in -e C>/n. &(r( re-/%ir %(r$( -e

memori(memori(

! 1 6 - -i 1 i6 7-! 1 6 - -i 1 i6 7-


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!( 1(re( n6(%8re- -i.1ri6/7-(!( 1(re( n6(%8re- -i.1ri6/7-(-or.(l ,C(rl.on 4 o1ro.5 2-or.(l ,C(rl.on 4 o1ro.5 2

;96(% 3er./. 4 (.1( n9

; l/e$o -e%remen1(#; l/e$o -e%remen1(#N9 N9< en -i0i%/l1(- %om&or1(men1(l 4 noN9 N9< en -i0i%/l1(- %om&or1(men1(l 4 no

-i0eren%i(. %l(3e. en (%1i3(%in#-i0eren%i(. %l(3e. en (%1i3(%in#


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!( 1(re( Go9No Go!( 1(re( Go9No Go

Se (%1i3( en l(. 1(re(. $o9no $o ,in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(28 %or1eSe (%1i3( en l(. 1(re(. $o9no $o ,in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(28 %or1e&re0ron1(l l(1er(l5 .o6re1o-o $iro 0ron1(l in0erior ,C>i(zoe5 ;i6i%in 4 %on1rol emo%ion(l8 re&re.en1( el 3(lor -eP(&el en in>i6i%in 4 %on1rol emo%ion(l8 re&re.en1( el 3(lor -ere%om&en.( -el e.17m/lo ,in%en1i3o2 4 el (&ren-iz('e 4re%om&en.( -el e.17m/lo ,in%en1i3o2 4 el (&ren-iz('e 4

T - - i i ,[ iT - - i i ,[ i


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Tom( -e -e%i.ione. ,[r(in 4Tom( -e -e%i.ione. ,[r(in 4o1ro.5 ;o29De%i.in%(lien1e# A%1i3( el or6i1o0ron1(l 4 (ACC#%(lien1e# A%1i3( el or6i1o0ron1(l 4 (ACC#4 -e%i.ione. /e ./&onen (m6i$\e-(- ,&ro6(6ili-(- -e4 -e%i.ione. /e ./&onen (m6i$\e-(- ,&ro6(6ili-(- -e%on.e%/en%i( -e /n( ele%%in e. (le(1ori(5 no .e .(6e#%on.e%/en%i( -e /n( ele%%in e. (le(1ori(5 no .e .(6e#!(. -o. o&%ione. no -i0ieren en &ro6(6ili-(-e.8 ele$ir en!(. -o. o&%ione. no -i0ieren en &ro6(6ili-(-e.8 ele$ir en

/e l(-o -el $(r('e 3( ( e.1(r el %o%>e29De%i.in 0r7(#/e l(-o -el $(r('e 3( ( e.1(r el %o%>e29De%i.in 0r7(#A%1i3( el -or.ol(1er(l 4 -ACC#A%1i3( el -or.ol(1er(l 4 -ACC#A%1i3(%ione. %om/ne.8 1l(mo5 %(/-(-o 4 re$ione.A%1i3(%ione. %om/ne.8 1l(mo5 %(/-(-o 4 re$ione.&(rie1(le. 4 0ron1(le.#&(rie1(le. 4 0ron1(le.#


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Con%l/.ione.Con%l/.ione.

!o%(liz(%in -e 0/n%ione.# !o%(liz(%in -e 1(re(.# Rel(%in!o%(liz(%in -e 0/n%ione.# !o%(liz(%in -e 1(re(.# Rel(%in1(re(.90/n%ione.8 Re- -i.1ri6/i-( e1r(0ron1(l# En /n( 1(re(1(re(.90/n%ione.8 Re- -i.1ri6/i-( e1r(0ron1(l# En /n( 1(re(m. -e /n( FE ,-i0eren1e .e$@n (nli.i. l$i%o o em&7ri%o2 4m. -e /n( FE ,-i0eren1e .e$@n (nli.i. l$i%o o em&7ri%o2 4/n( FE en m. -e /n( 1(re(#/n( FE en m. -e /n( 1(re(#!(. (%1i3(%ione. -e&en-en -e l(. 1(re(. /e .e %om&(r(n 4!(. (%1i3(%ione. -e&en-en -e l(. 1(re(. /e .e %om&(r(n 4

-e l7ne( -e 6(.e#-e l7ne( -e 6(.e#; 1(re(. ,LCST 4 S1roo&2 (%1i3(n l(. mi.m(. re(. &ero .on; 1(re(. ,LCST 4 S1roo&2 (%1i3(n l(. mi.m(. re(. &ero .on-o. 0(%1ore. -i.1in1o. en (nli.i. 0(%1ori(l# Al$o &(re%i-o-o. 0(%1ore. -i.1in1o. en (nli.i. 0(%1ori(l# Al$o &(re%i-oo%/rre %on LCST 4 Torre.#o%/rre %on LCST 4 Torre.#Re- ./&r(mo-(l8 %om@n ( -i.1in1(. mo-(li-(-e. .en.ori(le.5Re- ./&r(mo-(l8 %om@n ( -i.1in1(. mo-(li-(-e. .en.ori(le.51(re(. 4 0/n%ione.#1(re(. 4 0/n%ione.#P(r1e 0r7(8 -or.ol(1er(l 4 %in$/lo (n1erior -or.(l ,F/n%inP(r1e 0r7(8 -or.ol(1er(l 4 %in$/lo (n1erior -or.(l ,F/n%ine'e%/1i3(2# P(r1e %(lien1e8 Or6i1o0ron1(l 4 %in$/lo (n1eriore'e%/1i3(2# P(r1e %(lien1e8 Or6i1o0ron1(l 4 %in$/lo (n1erior(n1erior ,(.&e%1o. mo1i3(%ion(le.2#(n1erior ,(.&e%1o. mo1i3(%ion(le.2#


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!imi1e. -i0/.o. %(&(%i-(-9%on1rol en1re 3en1rol(1er(l!imi1e. -i0/.o. %(&(%i-(-9%on1rol en1re 3en1rol(1er(l4 -or.ol(1er(l PFC#4 -or.ol(1er(l PFC#C(-( re( &(r1i%i&( en -i.1in1(. 1(re(. 4C(-( re( &(r1i%i&( en -i.1in1(. 1(re(. 4-e.em&e( 1(l 3ez role. -i0eren1e. en ell(.# C(-(-e.em&e( 1(l 3ez role. -i0eren1e. en ell(.# C(-(

0/n%in e. -i.1ri6/7-(# El %(m6io5 l( in>i6i%in 4 l(0/n%in e. -i.1ri6/7-(# El %(m6io5 l( in>i6i%in 4 l(moni1oriz(%in (%1i3(n 1o-( l( re-5 l( &(r1e 0r7( omoni1oriz(%in (%1i3(n 1o-( l( re-5 l( &(r1e 0r7( o%(lien1e .e$@n l( 1(re(#%(lien1e .e$@n l( 1(re(#A%1i3(%ione. %om&en.(1ori(. 1r(. -(o /eA%1i3(%ione. %om&en.(1ori(. 1r(. -(o /e&ermi1en >(%er l(. 1(re(. 6ien# P(%ien1e. %on EM&ermi1en >(%er l(. 1(re(. 6ien# P(%ien1e. %on EM

en n96(% (%1i3(n re(. (-4(%en1e. ,m. (%1i3(%inen n96(% (%1i3(n re(. (-4(%en1e. ,m. (%1i3(%in6il(1er(l &re0ron1(l 4 -e in./l(2 o -e %or1e &re0ron1(l6il(1er(l &re0ron1(l 4 -e in./l(2 o -e %or1e &re0ron1(liz/ier-o en PASAT9 Forn 4 o1ro.5;


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!( 1(re( S1roo& 4 el %on0li%1o -e!( 1(re( S1roo& 4 el %on0li%1o -ere.&/e.1(re.&/e.1(

S1roo& &.i%om1ri%o 4 %om&/1eriz(-o5 3er6(l 4 m(n/(l5S1roo& &.i%om1ri%o 4 %om&/1eriz(-o5 3er6(l 4 m(n/(l5-e %olor5 n/mri%o5 e.&(%i(l5 %(r-in(l5 %o$ni1i3o 4-e %olor5 n/mri%o5 e.&(%i(l5 %(r-in(l5 %o$ni1i3o 4emo%ion(l#emo%ion(l#D/r(n1e el S1roo& -e %olor .e (%1i3( el %or1e %in$/l(-oD/r(n1e el S1roo& -e %olor .e (%1i3( el %or1e %in$/l(-o

(n1erior# D/r(n1e lo. en.(4o. in%on$r/en1e.8 El %or1e(n1erior# D/r(n1e lo. en.(4o. in%on$r/en1e.8 El %or1e0ron1(l &ol(r5 el %or1e &re0ron1(l l(1er(l5 l(. re$ione.0ron1(l &ol(r5 el %or1e &re0ron1(l l(1er(l5 l(. re$ione.0ron1(le. in0eriore.5 el l6/lo &(rie1(l in0erior ,3(n Mo/ri0ron1(le. in0eriore.5 el l6/lo &(rie1(l in0erior ,3(n Mo/ri4 o1ro.5 ;


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A9FUNCIONES DE! CINGU!O A9FUNCIONES DE! CINGU!O

] Form(r &(r1e -el %ir%/i1o ne/ron(l &(r( l( memori( -e] Form(r &(r1e -el %ir%/i1o ne/ron(l &(r( l( memori( -e1r(6('o e.&(%i(l '/n1o %on el %r1e -or.(l &re0ron1(l 4 el1r(6('o e.&(%i(l '/n1o %on el %r1e -or.(l &re0ron1(l 4 el&(rie1(l &o.1erior# E.1e @l1imo (&or1( el &l(n -e (%%in5 el&(rie1(l &o.1erior# E.1e @l1imo (&or1( el &l(n -e (%%in5 el%r1e -or.(l &re0ron1(l l( memori( ( %or1o &l(zo5 4 el%r1e -or.(l &re0ron1(l l( memori( ( %or1o &l(zo5 4 el%r1e %in$/l(-o (n1erior l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,C>(rle.5%r1e %in$/l(-o (n1erior l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,C>(rle.5

Mon5 !in5 C(r3er5 T>om(. 4 Tr/:i15 Pe1i15Mon5 !in5 C(r3er5 T>om(. 4 Tr/:i15 Pe1i15Co/r1ne45 Un$erlei-er 4 ?(645 22#Co/r1ne45 Un$erlei-er 4 ?(645 22#;] Re.ol/%in -e l( %om&e1i%in -e re.&/e.1(;] Re.ol/%in -e l( %om&e1i%in -e re.&/e.1(

,D(n%er15 M(r/005 mer5 [in.ell(5 /%el5 -e9Gr((00 4,D(n%er15 M(r/005 mer5 [in.ell(5 /%el5 -e9Gr((00 4C/rie5 ;


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FUNCIN DE! CWNGU!O ;FUNCIN DE! CWNGU!O ;

3E Si!%e a!a mantene! e estado de %iian#ia o un3E Si!%e a!a mantene! e estado de %iian#ia o unestado de anti#ia#in donde uno uede ne#esita! aestado de anti#ia#in donde uno uede ne#esita! asee##in a!a a a##in4 e!o no a!a a see##insee##in a!a a a##in4 e!o no a!a a see##ina!a a a##in en s (Fodo!D4 *atzke4 ama!!ia :a!a a a##in en s (Fodo!D4 *atzke4 ama!!ia :oG4 1999) &stos auto!es4 usando una ta!ea deoG4 1999) &stos auto!es4 usando una ta!ea deaten#in esa#ia donde se maniua a !oaiidadaten#in esa#ia donde se maniua a !oaiidadde oHeti%o4 esta uede se! ata o aHa4 !eist!ande oHeti%o4 esta uede se! ata o aHa4 !eist!anoten#iaes e%o#ados masi%os : usan a t?#ni#aoten#iaes e%o#ados masi%os : usan a t?#ni#aT&, La dete##in de oHeti%o !odu#e ondas ,I00T&, La dete##in de oHeti%o !odu#e ondas ,I00

dist!iuidas iate!amente : se a#ti%a e #!teGdist!iuidas iate!amente : se a#ti%a e #!teG#inuado ante!io!4 en su a!te do!sa Sin ema!o4#inuado ante!io!4 en su a!te do!sa Sin ema!o4no a: diDe!en#ias de a#ti%a#in sen a D!e#uen#iano a: diDe!en#ias de a#ti%a#in sen a D!e#uen#iade oHeti%o4 Kue aDe#ta a a D!e#uen#ia dede oHeti%o4 Kue aDe#ta a a D!e#uen#ia desee##iones a!a a a##in (!esonde! o no sensee##iones a!a a a##in (!esonde! o no sen

sea o no e oHeti%o)sea o no e oHeti%o)


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FUNCIONES DE! CWNGU!O FUNCIONES DE! CWNGU!O

5E $di%ina#in en #ondi#iones de5E $di%ina#in en #ondi#iones dein#e!tidum!e Se ide a os suHetos adi%ina!in#e!tidum!e Se ide a os suHetos adi%ina!e #oo! de una ta!Heta o#aaHo4 D!ente ae #oo! de una ta!Heta o#aaHo4 D!ente ada!e a %ueta e inDo!ma! de #oo! de ada!e a %ueta e inDo!ma! de #oo! de a

ta!Heta (&iot4 Rees : oan4 1999)4 se a#ti%anta!Heta (&iot4 Rees : oan4 1999)4 se a#ti%ane #!teG !eD!onta ate!a4 e #!teGe #!teG !eD!onta ate!a4 e #!teGo!itoD!onta de!e#o4 e #nuo ante!io!4 eo!itoD!onta de!e#o4 e #nuo ante!io!4 e#!teG a!ieta inDe!io! de modo iate!a : e#!teG a!ieta inDe!io! de modo iate!a : etamo de!e#o $ aumenta! as demandastamo de!e#o $ aumenta! as demandas

de adi%ina#in4 se in#!ementa a a#ti%a#inde adi%ina#in4 se in#!ementa a a#ti%a#inde #!teG o!itoD!onta &s imo!tantede #!teG o!itoD!onta &s imo!tantedesta#a! Kue as ot!as est!u#tu!as estndesta#a! Kue as ot!as est!u#tu!as estnimi#adas en a memo!ia de t!aaHo4 e!o eimi#adas en a memo!ia de t!aaHo4 e!o e#!teG o!itoD!onta no (Ca!te!4 1998)#!teG o!itoD!onta no (Ca!te!4 1998)


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F/n%in -el %7n$/lo F/n%in -el %7n$/lo

X] De1e%%in 4 (n1i%i&(%in -e errore. ,C(r1er5 Br(3er5X] De1e%%in 4 (n1i%i&(%in -e errore. ,C(r1er5 Br(3er5B(r%>5 De(nn(5 Bo13ini%5 Noll 4 Co>en5 2# Se (%1i3(B(r%>5 De(nn(5 Bo13ini%5 Noll 4 Co>en5 2# Se (%1i3(%/(n-o .e &ro-/%e /n error -e re.&/e.1(5 4 %/(n-o%/(n-o .e &ro-/%e /n error -e re.&/e.1(5 4 %/(n-o(/men1( l( %om&e1i%in -e re.&/e.1(5 (/n/e l((/men1( l( %om&e1i%in -e re.&/e.1(5 (/n/e l(re.&/e.1( .e %orre%1(# S/ (%1i3(%in (/men1( %on l(re.&/e.1( .e %orre%1(# S/ (%1i3(%in (/men1( %on l(-i0i%/l1(- -e l( 1(re( ,P(/.5 [o.i5 C(r(m(n(o. 4-i0i%/l1(- -e l( 1(re( ,P(/.5 [o.i5 C(r(m(n(o. 4Le.16/r45 2#Le.16/r45 2#] Re%/&er(%in %on.%ien1e -e memori( e&i.-i%(# En] Re%/&er(%in %on.%ien1e -e memori( e&i.-i%(# En/n e&erimen1o men1(l5 -on-e lo. ./'e1o. -e67(n/n e&erimen1o men1(l5 -on-e lo. ./'e1o. -e67(n

re%or-(r /n ./%e.o e.&e%70i%o -e ./ e&erien%i(re%or-(r /n ./%e.o e.&e%70i%o -e ./ e&erien%i(&er.on(l &(.(-( ,An-re(.en5 O^!e(r45 P(r(-i.o5&er.on(l &(.(-( ,An-re(.en5 O^!e(r45 P(r(-i.o5Ciz(-lo5 Arn-15 L(1in.5 Bole. 4 ?i%>:(5 25 .eCiz(-lo5 Arn-15 L(1in.5 Bole. 4 ?i%>:(5 25 .e(%1i3 '/n1o (l %ere6elo5 %ier1o. n@%leo. -el 1l(mo5 el(%1i3 '/n1o (l %ere6elo5 %ier1o. n@%leo. -el 1l(mo5 el%r1e or6i1o0ron1(l 4 l( re$in &(rie1(l iz/ier-(#%r1e or6i1o0ron1(l 4 l( re$in &(rie1(l iz/ier-(#


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F/n%in -el %7n$/lo F/n%in -el %7n$/lo

] Re&re.en1(%in %or1i%(l -el -olor %rni%o5 %on rel(%in] Re&re.en1(%in %or1i%(l -el -olor %rni%o5 %on rel(%in( ./ %om&onen1e (0e%1i3o ,./0rimien1o %(/.(-o &or el( ./ %om&onen1e (0e%1i3o ,./0rimien1o %(/.(-o &or el-olor25 no ( ./ %om&onen1e .en.ori(l# Se (%1i3( '/n1o (l-olor25 no ( ./ %om&onen1e .en.ori(l# Se (%1i3( '/n1o (l%r1e .om(1o.en.ori(l &rim(rio 4 .e%/n-(rio5 el %r1e%r1e .om(1o.en.ori(l &rim(rio 4 .e%/n-(rio5 el %r1e&re0ron1(l### ,G(r%7(9!(rre(5 Pe4ron5 Gre$oire5 !(3enne5&re0ron1(l### ,G(r%7(9!(rre(5 Pe4ron5 Gre$oire5 !(3enne5

!e9B(r.5 Con3er.5 M(/$/iere5 Sin-o/ 4 !(/ren15 !e9B(r.5 Con3er.5 M(/$/iere5 Sin-o/ 4 !(/ren15 T(l6o15 ?/1%>in.on5 D(3i.5 !oz(no5 T(.er 4T(l6o15 ?/1%>in.on5 D(3i.5 !oz(no5 T(.er 4Do.1ro3.45 2#Do.1ro3.45 2#] An1i%i&(%in -el -olor ,[o4(m(5 T(n(( 4 Mi(mi5] An1i%i&(%in -el -olor ,[o4(m(5 T(n(( 4 Mi(mi525 en /n e.1/-io %on mono. %on /n( 1(re( -e25 en /n e.1/-io %on mono. %on /n( 1(re( -e

e3i1(%in -el -olor5 o6.er3(ron ./ (%1i3(%in (n1e. -e l(e3i1(%in -el -olor5 o6.er3(ron ./ (%1i3(%in (n1e. -e l((&(ri%in -el e.17m/lo no%i%e&1i3o#(&(ri%in -el e.17m/lo no%i%e&1i3o#e 4 P/1n(m5 Bl(ir5,Ri%>(r-5 A6er%rom6ie5 Ni1.%>e 4 P/1n(m5 Bl(ir5Morri.5 Fri1>5 Perre11 4 Dol(n5 2#Morri.5 Fri1>5 Perre11 4 Dol(n5 2#


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F/n%in -el %7n$/lo XF/n%in -el %7n$/lo X

11E Cons#ien#ia de as emo#iones (Lane4 Reiman4 $Ge!od411E Cons#ien#ia de as emo#iones (Lane4 Reiman4 $Ge!od4>un4 Aomes : S#Ma!tz4 1998) T!as asa! una e#ua de>un4 Aomes : S#Ma!tz4 1998) T!as asa! una e#ua de#ontenido emo#iona4 os auto!es #o!!ea#ionan os #amios en#ontenido emo#iona4 os auto!es #o!!ea#ionan os #amios ene DuHo sanuneo #e!e!a du!ante a !o:e##in #on ase DuHo sanuneo #e!e!a du!ante a !o:e##in #on asuntua#iones en una es#aa de #ons#ien#ia emo#iona4 Kueuntua#iones en una es#aa de #ons#ien#ia emo#iona4 Kuemide a #aa#idad a!a eGe!imenta! emo#iones de modomide a #aa#idad a!a eGe!imenta! emo#iones de modo

!e#iso La untua#in en a es#aa #o!!ea#iona #on a!e#iso La untua#in en a es#aa #o!!ea#iona #on aa#ti%a#in de #!teG #inuado ante!io!a#ti%a#in de #!teG #inuado ante!io!12E La #inuotoma iate!a o! doo! #!ni#o int!atae12E La #inuotoma iate!a o! doo! #!ni#o int!atae(Coen-Ronad4 Naan4 uDDante4 *ose!4 Jenkins4 SaoMa: :(Coen-Ronad4 Naan4 uDDante4 *ose!4 Jenkins4 SaoMa: :Fikinson4 1999 Coen4 Naan4 *ose!4 Jenkins : Fikinson4Fikinson4 1999 Coen4 Naan4 *ose!4 Jenkins : Fikinson41999) !odu#e e!dida de a#ti%idad esontnea : de ini#iati%a1999) !odu#e e!dida de a#ti%idad esontnea : de ini#iati%a

1IE Los om!es ante imenes %isuaes Kue aumentan a1IE Los om!es ante imenes %isuaes Kue aumentan aa#ti%a#in seGua (Stoe!u : ot!os4 1999)4 a#ti%an iate!amentea#ti%a#in seGua (Stoe!u : ot!os4 1999)4 a#ti%an iate!amentee #!teG inDe!otemo!a4 #ie!tas !eas a!ami#ase #!teG inDe!otemo!a4 #ie!tas !eas a!ami#asmoti%a#ionaes : e #!teG #inuado ante!io! izKuie!domoti%a#ionaes : e #!teG #inuado ante!io! izKuie!dou!ante e o!asmo4 es e inte!!uto! de a amdaau!ante e o!asmo4 es e inte!!uto! de a amdaa

B ! -i i i i1i 0 1iB !( -i3i.in %o$ni1i3( 4 (0e%1i3(


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B9!( -i3i.in %o$ni1i3( 4 (0e%1i3(B9!( -i3i.in %o$ni1i3( 4 (0e%1i3(-el %7n$/lo8 el %on1rol emo%ion(l-el %7n$/lo8 el %on1rol emo%ion(lEl %on0li%1o -e re.&/e.1( (%1i3( l( &(r1e &o.1erior -elEl %on0li%1o -e re.&/e.1( (%1i3( l( &(r1e &o.1erior -el%in$/lo (n1erior 4 el .1roo& emo%ion(l (%1i3( l( &(r1e%in$/lo (n1erior 4 el .1roo& emo%ion(l (%1i3( l( &(r1e(n1erior -el %in$/lo (n1erior#(n1erior -el %in$/lo (n1erior#!( -i3i.in (0e%1i3( 0orm(-( &or el %7n$/lo5 l( (mi$-(l(5!( -i3i.in (0e%1i3( 0orm(-( &or el %7n$/lo5 l( (mi$-(l(5

el %or1e in./l(r 4 el or6i1o0ron1(l ,B/.> 4 o1ro.5 ;


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?/mor &o.i1i3o 4 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(?/mor &o.i1i3o 4 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(,P>illi&. 4 o1ro.5 ;/mor (%1i3( lo. ni3ele. -e -o&(min( en elEl 6/en >/mor (%1i3( lo. ni3ele. -e -o&(min( en el%or1e &re0ron1(l 4 el %7n$/lo (n1erior#%or1e &re0ron1(l 4 el %7n$/lo (n1erior#El 6/en >/mor .e in-/%e en min/1o. me-i(n1e elEl 6/en >/mor .e in-/%e en min/1o. me-i(n1e elre%/er-o -e /n (%on1e%imien1o 0eliz#re%/er-o -e /n (%on1e%imien1o 0eliz#El >/mor (0e%1o ( l( in1er0eren%i( S1roo& 4 ( l( %on-i%inEl >/mor (0e%1o ( l( in1er0eren%i( S1roo& 4 ( l( %on-i%in-e S1roo& (l1ern(n1e5 %on /n %o.1o m(4or en (m6o.-e S1roo& (l1ern(n1e5 %on /n %o.1o m(4or en (m6o.%(.o.#%(.o.#


62/84

"'L;&'C"$S CO.'"T"/$S > &*OC"O'$L&S &' &L"'L;&'C"$S CO.'"T"/$S > &*OC"O'$L&S &' &LCORT&P C"'.;L$O $'T&R"ORCORT&P C"'.;L$O $'T&R"OR


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&ST;"O & "*$.&'&S&ST;"O & "*$.&'&S

C & #inuo : a dete##in deC-& #inuo : a dete##in de


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C-& #inuo : a dete##in deC-& #inuo : a dete##in dee!!o!e!!o!

--Cuando un suHeto !eaiza un e!!o! en una ta!ea de !esuestaCuando un suHeto !eaiza un e!!o! en una ta!ea de !esuesta#ondu#tua se !odu#e una des%ia#in neati%a en e#ondu#tua se !odu#e una des%ia#in neati%a en eoten#ia4 ta : #omo muest!a a Diu!aoten#ia4 ta : #omo muest!a a Diu!a

-&ste Denmeno es #ono#ido #omo-&ste Denmeno es #ono#ido #omo 'eati%idad !ea#ionada'eati%idad !ea#ionada#on e e!!o!#on e e!!o!

D9 ACC COMO MECANISMO DED9 ACC COMO MECANISMO DEMONITORIKACIN DE CONF!ICTO OMONITORIKACIN DE CONF!ICTO O


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MONITORIKACIN DE CONF!ICTO OMONITORIKACIN DE CONF!ICTO OCOMPETICINCOMPETICIN

!( -i3i.in %o$no.%i1i3( -el ACC!( -i3i.in %o$no.%i1i3( -el ACC .ir3e &(r( ./&er3i.(r l(.ir3e &(r( ./&er3i.(r l(in1er0eren%i(in1er0eren%i(4 %on0li%1o4 %on0li%1oen1re re(. %ere6r(le.#en1re re(. %ere6r(le.#


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$o:os a esta teo!a$o:os a esta teo!a

S/'e1o. %on -e.or-en en -0i%i1 -e (1en%in ,no (%1i3(n l(S/'e1o. %on -e.or-en en -0i%i1 -e (1en%in ,no (%1i3(n l(./6-i3i.in %o$no.%i1i3( -el ACC -/r(n1e el %on1(r./6-i3i.in %o$no.%i1i3( -el ACC -/r(n1e el %on1(rS1roo&25 m/e.1r(n /n( $r(n (%1i3(%in -e 7n./l(S1roo&25 m/e.1r(n /n( $r(n (%1i3(%in -e 7n./l(

(n1erior &(r( %om&en.(r /n( -i.0/n%in -e l( re-(n1erior &(r( %om&en.(r /n( -i.0/n%in -e l( re-%7n$/lo 0ron1(l#%7n$/lo 0ron1(l#aos de esta teo!aaos de esta teo!aLa a#ti%a#in de $CC o#u!!e desu?s de Kue as inst!u##iones de ta!eaLa a#ti%a#in de $CC o#u!!e desu?s de Kue as inst!u##iones de ta!ea

sean dadas4 : mu#o antes de Kue #uaKuie! estmuo seasean dadas4 : mu#o antes de Kue #uaKuie! estmuo sea!esentado!esentado

$CC no so se a#ti%a en ensa:os in#on!uentes 'o a: diDe!en#ias$CC no so se a#ti%a en ensa:os in#on!uentes 'o a: diDe!en#ias#a!as de a#ti%a#in ent!e ensa:os #on!uentes4 in#on!uentes :#a!as de a#ti%a#in ent!e ensa:os #on!uentes4 in#on!uentes :neut!os en o#asiones (RoeoDs : ot!os4 2006 ,'$S 10I4 nme!o I7)neut!os en o#asiones (RoeoDs : ot!os4 2006 ,'$S 10I4 nme!o I7)

E E l i l i l 1 lE )E. el %in$/lo ne%e.(rio &(r( el %on1rol


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E9)E. el %in$/lo ne%e.(rio &(r( el %on1rolE9)E. el %in$/lo ne%e.(rio &(r( el %on1rol%o$ni1i3o+ No .er3ir &(r( n(-(#%o$ni1i3o+ No .er3ir &(r( n(-(#

P(%ien1e. %on -(o en l( &(r1e -or.(l -elP(%ien1e. %on -(o en l( &(r1e -or.(l -el%7n$/lo (n1erior &/e-en >(%er l( 1(re( S1roo&%7n$/lo (n1erior &/e-en >(%er l( 1(re( S1roo&,Felo:. 4 F(r(>5 ;


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Son &(%ien1e. 5 1re. %on le.in iz/ier-( enSon &(%ien1e. 5 1re. %on le.in iz/ier-( en-CCA 4 /no %on le.in 6il(1er(l# ?(%en /n(-CCA 4 /no %on le.in 6il(1er(l# ?(%en /n(1(re( S1roo& %on ni3ele. (l1o. ,


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"n#on $toQ#on$toQ"nte!D"n#on $toQ#on$toQ"nte!DP(%ien1e.8 ,29,28 ,2P(%ien1e.8 ,29,28 ,2Con1role.8 ,29XX,28,X;2Con1role.8 ,29XX,28,X;2-i


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&n a ta!ea o-no o ato : aHo #onDi#to en eGa#titud&n a ta!ea o-no o ato : aHo #onDi#to en eGa#titud##P(%ien1e.8 ;#,#29 #,#2P(%ien1e.8 ;#,#29 #,#2Con1role.8


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F(n 4 o1ro.5 ;


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R/.:or1> 4 o1ro.5 ;


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ACC en mono.ACC en mono.

ACC 4 l( -e1e%%in -e error8 ./ (%1i3(%in (/men1( %/(n-o .eACC 4 l( -e1e%%in -e error8 ./ (%1i3(%in (/men1( %/(n-o .e%ome1en errore. en 1(re(. $o9no $o5 0l(nerY%ome1en errore. en 1(re(. $o9no $o5 0l(nerY!( (%1i3(%in -e ACC (/men1( %on l( re-/%%in -e l( re%om&en.(#!( (%1i3(%in -e ACC (/men1( %on l( re-/%%in -e l( re%om&en.(#T(m6in (/men1( (l re%i6ir re0orz(-ore. &o.i1i3o.# Se (.o%i( ( l(.T(m6in (/men1( (l re%i6ir re0orz(-ore. &o.i1i3o.# Se (.o%i( ( l(.%on.e%/en%i(. -e l( re.&/e.1(5 ( /n %l%/lo -e %o.1o. 4 6ene0i%io.8%on.e%/en%i(. -e l( re.&/e.1(5 ( /n %l%/lo -e %o.1o. 4 6ene0i%io.8

A l( (.o%i(%in en1re re.&/e.1( 4 el 3(lor re0orz(-or -e ./A l( (.o%i(%in en1re re.&/e.1( 4 el 3(lor re0orz(-or -e ./

%on.e%/en%i(5 %on in-e&en-en%i( -e .i e. &o.i1i3o o ne$(1i3o#%on.e%/en%i(5 %on in-e&en-en%i( -e .i e. &o.i1i3o o ne$(1i3o#S/ -(o im&i-e .ele%%in -e re.&/e.1(. &or re%om&en.(5 &ero noS/ -(o im&i-e .ele%%in -e re.&/e.1(. &or re%om&en.(5 &ero nol( .ele%%in &or %l(3e. e1ern(.8 %on-/%1( 3ol/n1(ri( -iri$i-( (l( .ele%%in &or %l(3e. e1ern(.8 %on-/%1( 3ol/n1(ri( -iri$i-( (me1(8 ACC .e (%1i3( (l &e-ir re.&/e.1(. (le(1ori(. (/1o$ener(-(.me1(8 ACC .e (%1i3( (l &e-ir re.&/e.1(. (le(1ori(. (/1o$ener(-(..in %l(3e. ,mo3# -e -e-o.2#.in %l(3e. ,mo3# -e -e-o.2#


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ACC %o-i0i%( l( re%om&en.( e.&er(-( -e /n(ACC %o-i0i%( l( re%om&en.( e.&er(-( -e /n((%%in5 .i l( (%%in &/e-e lle3(r ( /n error 4 l((%%in5 .i l( (%%in &/e-e lle3(r ( /n error 4 l(r(zn en1re l( re%om&en.( 4 el %o.1o -e e'e%/1(rr(zn en1re l( re%om&en.( 4 el %o.1o -e e'e%/1(rl( (%%in# R(1(. -e6en ele$ir en1re %(mino -i07%ill( (%%in# R(1(. -e6en ele$ir en1re %(mino -i07%il

&(r( re%om&en.( $r(n-e o %(mino 0%il &(r(&(r( re%om&en.( $r(n-e o %(mino 0%il &(r(re%om&en.( &e/e(# Si -(o en ACC nore%om&en.( &e/e(# Si -(o en ACC noeli$en el %(mino -i07%il#eli$en el %(mino -i07%il#T(m6in re$i.1r( l( &er.i.1en%i(# Mono. /eT(m6in re$i.1r( l( &er.i.1en%i(# Mono. /e-e6en re(liz(r .erie -e (%%ione. &(r( o61ener-e6en re(liz(r .erie -e (%%ione. &(r( o61ener

re%om&en.(# !( (%1i3(%in ACC %(m6i(6( %onre%om&en.(# !( (%1i3(%in ACC %(m6i(6( %onl( &o.i%in en l( .erie5 (l &ro$re.(r >(%i( l(l( &o.i%in en l( .erie5 (l &ro$re.(r >(%i( l(re%om&en.(#re%om&en.(#


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L$ C;&ST"' &S S&R/"R ,$R$ TOO O ,$R$ '$$L$ C;&ST"' &S S&R/"R ,$R$ TOO O ,$R$ '$$

Modelo de N & S: se Identificala activacin del cngulo con amplia

variedad de operaciones de control enmanejo de situaciones nuevas,

tratamiento de errores y conflicto..Los hilos verticales, motivacional y

atencional.

La evidencia, al analizar sus funciones una a

una es ms compleja, pero parece claro ueno es un ejecutivo central ni un sistema

atencional supervisor.

P(1olo$7(. 0ron1(le.8 )Per0ile.P(1olo$7(. 0ron1(le.8 )Per0ile.


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P(1olo$7(. 0ron1(le.8 )Per0ile.P(1olo$7(. 0ron1(le.8 )Per0ile.-i.1in1o.+-i.1in1o.+

El -(o ./6%or1i%(l -el %ir%/i1o 0ron1oe.1ri(-o 1(m6inEl -(o ./6%or1i%(l -el %ir%/i1o 0ron1oe.1ri(-o 1(m6in&ro-/%e -0i%i1. FE#&ro-/%e -0i%i1. FE#P(rin.on5 ?/n1in$1on5&(r(li.i. ./&r(n/%le(r &ro$re.i3(5P(rin.on5 ?/n1in$1on5&(r(li.i. ./&r(n/%le(r &ro$re.i3(53(.%/lo&(17( ./6%or1i%(l5 -e.or-ene. &.i/i1ri%o. %omo3(.%/lo&(17( ./6%or1i%(l5 -e.or-ene. &.i/i1ri%o. %omo

e./izo0reni( 4 -e&re.in m(4or ,>i&o0ron1(li-(-2#e./izo0reni( 4 -e&re.in m(4or ,>i&o0ron1(li-(-2#Tr(.1orno o6.e.i3o9%om&/l.i3o ,>i&er0ron1(li-(-2Tr(.1orno o6.e.i3o9%om&/l.i3o ,>i&er0ron1(li-(-2A/1i.mo8 o .1roo& 4 m(l 0le#%o$ # 4 &l(ni0i%(%in# D(oA/1i.mo8 o .1roo& 4 m(l 0le#%o$ # 4 &l(ni0i%(%in# D(oFE %(lien1e#FE %(lien1e#?i&er(%1i3i-(- ,%on1rol in>i6i1orio# D(o FE 0r7(25?i&er(%1i3i-(- ,%on1rol in>i6i1orio# D(o FE 0r7(25Sin-rome -e To/re11e , -(o en 0l/i-ez 3er6(l2#Sin-rome -e To/re11e , -(o en 0l/i-ez 3er6(l2#Pro6lem(. en -emen%i(5 Alz>eimer5 EM###Pro6lem(. en -emen%i(5 Alz>eimer5 EM###


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?i&er(%1i3i-(-#?i&er(%1i3i-(-#

En >i&er(%1i3i-(- >(4 -i.0/n%in 0ron1oe.1ri(-(En >i&er(%1i3i-(- >(4 -i.0/n%in 0ron1oe.1ri(-(,Cor1e &re0ron1(l l(1er(l5 %or1e %in$/l(-o,Cor1e &re0ron1(l l(1er(l5 %or1e %in$/l(-o(n1erior -or.(l5 %(/-(-o 4 &/1(men2 =B/.> 4(n1erior -or.(l5 %(/-(-o 4 &/1(men2 =B/.> 4o1ro.5 ;(4 (%1i3(%in -el %7n$/loen S1roo& -e %on1(r5 &ero .7 e0e%1o %on-/%1/(l#en S1roo& -e %on1(r5 &ero .7 e0e%1o %on-/%1/(l#Se rel(%ion( (l %7n$/lo %on el %on0li%1o -eSe rel(%ion( (l %7n$/lo %on el %on0li%1o -ere.&/e.1( 4 ./ -(o %on l( im&/l.i3i-(-#re.&/e.1( 4 ./ -(o %on l( im&/l.i3i-(-#T(m6in 0(ll(n en LCST 4 CPT ,B/.> 4 o1ro.5T(m6in 0(ll(n en LCST 4 CPT ,B/.> 4 o1ro.5

2#2#En >i&er(%1i3i-(-5 m/e.1r(n m(4or in1er0eren%i(En >i&er(%1i3i-(-5 m/e.1r(n m(4or in1er0eren%i(/e %on1role. en el S1roo& -e %olor &ero no en el/e %on1role. en el S1roo& -e %olor &ero no en elS1roo& -e %on1(r# !( in1er0eren%i( no e. /n(S1roo& -e %on1(r# !( in1er0eren%i( no e. /n(

0/n%in $ener(l ,Al6re%>1 4 o1ro.5 ;


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T(re(. in0(n1ile. -e FE ,Kel(zoT(re(. in0(n1ile. -e FE ,Kel(zo4 M\ller24 M\ller2

Ver.ione. in0(n1ile. -e S1roo&5 $(m6lin$ 1(.5Ver.ione. in0(n1ile. -e S1roo&5 $(m6lin$ 1(.5Go9No GoYGo9No GoY

A no B error ,Pi($e12#A no B error ,Pi($e12#S1roo& -e -7(9no%>e8 -e%7r -7( (n1e -i6/'oS1roo& -e -7(9no%>e8 -e%7r -7( (n1e -i6/'o

no%1/rno o 3i%e3er.(#no%1/rno o 3i%e3er.(#Re.&/e.1( -emor(-(8MCP 4 m. re%om&en.( (Re.&/e.1( -emor(-(8MCP 4 m. re%om&en.( (m. -emor(#m. -emor(#Dimen.ion(l C>(n$e C(r- Sor1 ,DCCS28 /nDimen.ion(l C>(n$e C(r- Sor1 ,DCCS28 /n

LCST .im&li0i%(-oLCST .im&li0i%(-oT(re( -e 0(l.( %reen%i(8 &er.on( e.%on-eT(re( -e 0(l.( %reen%i(8 &er.on( e.%on-eo6'e1o en lo%(liz(%in A# Sin ./ %ono%imien1o .eo6'e1o en lo%(liz(%in A# Sin ./ %ono%imien1o .e&(.( ( l/$(r B# )-n-e 6/.%(r el o6'e1o+&(.( ( l/$(r B# )-n-e 6/.%(r el o6'e1o+


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J/e$o -e m(no. -e !/ri(5 (/1om1i%o ,imi1(rJ/e$o -e m(no. -e !/ri(5 (/1om1i%o ,imi1(r&/o %err(-o o .(%(r -e-o2 4 %on1rol(-o ,>(%er&/o %err(-o o .(%(r -e-o2 4 %on1rol(-o ,>(%erlo %on1r(rio2#lo %on1r(rio2#

In3er.in -e %on1in$en%i(.#In3er.in -e %on1in$en%i(.#Sel09or-ere- &oin1in$8 &/zzle %/4(. &iez(.Sel09or-ere- &oin1in$8 &/zzle %/4(. &iez(.%(m6i(n -e &o.i%in -e &re.en1(%in (%(m6i(n -e &o.i%in -e &re.en1(%in (&re.en1(%in5 .e -e6e .e(l(r /n( n/e3( %(-(&re.en1(%in5 .e -e6e .e(l(r /n( n/e3( %(-(

3ez#3ez#T(re( -e 3en1(n(8 -o. %('(. %on ($/'ero# ElT(re( -e 3en1(n(8 -o. %('(. %on ($/'ero# Elnio 3e %on1eni-o# Un( 3(%7(#De6e -iri$ir (lnio 3e %on1eni-o# Un( 3(%7(#De6e -iri$ir (l

e&erimen1(-or ( /n(# Re%i6e el %on1eni-o -e l(e&erimen1(-or ( /n(# Re%i6e el %on1eni-o -e l(

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!( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( 4 l( e-(-8!( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( 4 l( e-(-8-e.(rrollo-e.(rrollo

!(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. me'or(n %on el -e.(rrollo5 en 0/n%in -e l(!(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. me'or(n %on el -e.(rrollo5 en 0/n%in -e l(m(-/r(%in 0ron1(l#m(-/r(%in 0ron1(l#!( in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1( -omin(n1e5 %on l( 1(re( -e Pi($e1 A no B5 e.!( in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1( -omin(n1e5 %on l( 1(re( -e Pi($e1 A no B5 e.&o.i6le (l (o -e e-(-# Con el S1roo& -e .ol9no%>e5 l/n(9-7(5 el m(4or&o.i6le (l (o -e e-(-# Con el S1roo& -e .ol9no%>e5 l/n(9-7(5 el m(4or-e.(rrollo en1re X 4 (o.# A lo. X (o. &/e-en re.i.1ir -i.1r(%%in 4 ( l(.-e.(rrollo en1re X 4 (o.# A lo. X (o. &/e-en re.i.1ir -i.1r(%%in 4 ( l(.< in>i6ir (1en%in ( e.17m/lo. irrele3(n1e. 4 e3i1(r errore. &er.e3er(1i3o.#< in>i6ir (1en%in ( e.17m/lo. irrele3(n1e. 4 e3i1(r errore. &er.e3er(1i3o.#A l(. ;5 m(-/rez %om&le1( en e.1o. (.&e%1o. in>i6i1orio.5 &or e'em&lo %onA l(. ;5 m(-/rez %om&le1( en e.1o. (.&e%1o. in>i6i1orio.5 &or e'em&lo %on

l( 1(re( Gono Go#l( 1(re( Gono Go#En l( (-ole.%en%i( (/men1( l( %(&(%i-(- (1en%ion(l 4 l( 3elo%i-(- -eEn l( (-ole.%en%i( (/men1( l( %(&(%i-(- (1en%ion(l 4 l( 3elo%i-(- -e&ro%e.(mien1o#&ro%e.(mien1o#A lo. 1re. (o. >(%en &l(ne. 3er6(le. 0(mili(re.# De ( (o.5 %on-/%1(A lo. 1re. (o. >(%en &l(ne. 3er6(le. 0(mili(re.# De ( (o.5 %on-/%1(e.1r(1e$i%( 4 r(zon(mien1o# S/ m(4or -e.(rrollo en1re 4 (o. 4 .i$/ee.1r(1e$i%( 4 r(zon(mien1o# S/ m(4or -e.(rrollo en1re 4 (o. 4 .i$/eme'or(n-o >(.1( e-(- (-/l1(#me'or(n-o >(.1( e-(- (-/l1(#C(m6io -e 1(re(5 no e. &o.i6le ( lo. (o.# Me'or( en1re 4 (o. >(.1(C(m6io -e 1(re(5 no e. &o.i6le ( lo. (o.# Me'or( en1re 4 (o. >(.1(l( (-ole.%en%i(#l( (-ole.%en%i(#En re./men5 l( &rimer( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( e. in>i6ir %on-/%1(En re./men5 l( &rimer( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( e. in>i6ir %on-/%1(.o6re(&ren-i-( 4 l( @l1im( l( 0l/i-ez 3er6(l 0onol$i%( , ( lo. o (o..o6re(&ren-i-( 4 l( @l1im( l( 0l/i-ez 3er6(l 0onol$i%( , ( lo. o (o.(@n in0erior ( (-/l1o.2#(@n in0erior ( (-/l1o.2#

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De%li3e -e l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(De%li3e -e l( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3(

A0e%1(-( &or el ni3el -e e-/%(%in 4 l(A0e%1(-( &or el ni3el -e e-/%(%in 4 l(e&erien%i(e&erien%i(

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Per-i-(. en %on1rol5 &l(ni0i%(%in ,X


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CONC!USIONESCONC!USIONES

Un $r(n re- %om@n -i.1ri6/7-( &(r( (1en-er#Un $r(n re- %om@n -i.1ri6/7-( &(r( (1en-er#Hre(. &re0eren1e.8 D!PFC ,re.ol/%in %on0li%1o25 IFC ,in>i6i%in2 4 -ACCHre(. &re0eren1e.8 D!PFC ,re.ol/%in %on0li%1o25 IFC ,in>i6i%in2 4 -ACC,moni1oriz(%in2 ,-i3i.in%o$ni1i3(2# OFC ,in>i6i%in (0e%1i3(2 4 (ACC,moni1oriz(%in2 ,-i3i.in%o$ni1i3(2# OFC ,in>i6i%in (0e%1i3(2 4 (ACC,%on1rol (/1onmi%o 3(lor -e re%om&en.(28 -i3i.in emo%ion(l,%on1rol (/1onmi%o 3(lor -e re%om&en.(28 -i3i.in emo%ion(lSe (%1i3( &(r( (1en%in -i3i-i-(5 .o.1eni-( 4 .ele%1i3(#Se (%1i3( &(r( (1en%in -i3i-i-(5 .o.1eni-( 4 .ele%1i3(#)F/n%ione. -i.%re1(. -e re(. &(r1i%/l(re.+)F/n%ione. -i.%re1(. -e re(. &(r1i%/l(re.+

!(. zon(. e1r(0ron1(le. ,&(rie1(l 4 1(l(mo2# El -or.ol(1er(l# El 3en1rol(1er(l#!(. zon(. e1r(0ron1(le. ,&(rie1(l 4 1(l(mo2# El -or.ol(1er(l# El 3en1rol(1er(l#El or6i1o0ron1(l 4 el %in$/lo (n1erior#El or6i1o0ron1(l 4 el %in$/lo (n1erior#En el %(m6io (1en%ion(l .e (%1i3(n 1o-o. en -i0eren1e. e.1/-io.# I$/(lEn el %(m6io (1en%ion(l .e (%1i3(n 1o-o. en -i0eren1e. e.1/-io.# I$/(lo%/rre %on l( in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(#o%/rre %on l( in>i6i%in -e re.&/e.1(#C(-( re( m. -e /n( 0/n%in# C(-( 0/n%in m. -e /n re(#C(-( re( m. -e /n( 0/n%in# C(-( 0/n%in m. -e /n re(#!imi1e. -i0/.o. en1re %(&(%i-(- 4 %on1rol#!imi1e. -i0/.o. en1re %(&(%i-(- 4 %on1rol#!Wmi1e. -i0/.o. en1re (1en%in ,.ele%%in5 &ro%e.(mien1o -e (6('o9(rri6(2 4!Wmi1e. -i0/.o. en1re (1en%in ,.ele%%in5 &ro%e.(mien1o -e (6('o9(rri6(2 40/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,&ro%e.(mien1o -e (rri6(9(6('o5 me1(. e in.1r/%%ione.20/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,&ro%e.(mien1o -e (rri6(9(6('o5 me1(. e in.1r/%%ione.2!7mi1e. -i0/.o. en1re moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o 4 re$/l(r %on0li%1o#!7mi1e. -i0/.o. en1re moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o 4 re$/l(r %on0li%1o#

CC l i ;


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Con%l/.ione. ;Con%l/.ione. ;

! /ni%( zon( -e&en-ien1e -e l( %(r$( &er%e&1/(l! /ni%( zon( -e&en-ien1e -e l( %(r$( &er%e&1/(l4 l( m($ni1/- -el e0e%1o el %or1e -or.ol(1er(l4 l( m($ni1/- -el e0e%1o el %or1e -or.ol(1er(l&re0ron1(l# El %in$/lo e. in.en.i6le ( l( m($ni1/- 4&re0ron1(l# El %in$/lo e. in.en.i6le ( l( m($ni1/- 4l( %(r$( 4 el 3en1rol(1er(l .e (%1i3( m. (ll( %(r$( 4 el 3en1rol(1er(l .e (%1i3( m. (l-i.min/ir l( %(r$( o l( in1er0eren%i(#-i.min/ir l( %(r$( o l( in1er0eren%i(#Re./men8Re./men8Un re( ,CINGU!O2 3(ri(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(.Un re( ,CINGU!O2 3(ri(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(.,moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o5 re.ol3erlo5 -e1e%1(r error5,moni1oriz(r %on0li%1o5 re.ol3erlo5 -e1e%1(r error5memori( -e 1r(6('o5 %(m6io -e 1(re(Y2#memori( -e 1r(6('o5 %(m6io -e 1(re(Y2#

Un( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,IN?IBICIN DEUn( 0/n%in e'e%/1i3( ,IN?IBICIN DERESPUESTA2 en 3(ri(. re(.#RESPUESTA2 en 3(ri(. re(.#Un( 1(re( ,LCST25 3(ri(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. 4Un( 1(re( ,LCST25 3(ri(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. 4re(.#re(.#


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En ?i&er(%1i3i-(- &/e-e e.1(r (0e%1(-o 1o-o8 elEn ?i&er(%1i3i-(- &/e-e e.1(r (0e%1(-o 1o-o8 elor6i1o0ron1(l5 el %7n$/lo5 el -or.ol(1er(l5 o -(o.or6i1o0ron1(l5 el %7n$/lo5 el -or.ol(1er(l5 o -(o.e1r(0ron1(le.# Di0eren1e. %om&onen1e. (1en%ion(le. oe1r(0ron1(le.# Di0eren1e. %om&onen1e. (1en%ion(le. o./. in1er(%%7one.# B/.%(r &er0ile. -e .7n-rome. ,l7mi1e../. in1er(%%7one.# B/.%(r &er0ile. -e .7n-rome. ,l7mi1e.-i0/.o.2#-i0/.o.2#

Di0eren%i(r FE 0r7(. 4 %(lien1e.# !( in3er.in -eDi0eren%i(r FE 0r7(. 4 %(lien1e.# !( in3er.in -e%on1in$en%i(. -e (&ren-iz('e e. %(lien1e5 el %(m6io -e%on1in$en%i(. -e (&ren-iz('e e. %(lien1e5 el %(m6io -e1(re( e. 0r7(# Di(. e1 (l5 X en N(1/re#1(re( e. 0r7(# Di(. e1 (l5 X en N(1/re#El &(&el -e l( in1er%onein# El &ro%e.(mien1oEl &(&el -e l( in1er%onein# El &ro%e.(mien1o%om&en.(1orio8 .i %7n$/lo -((-o5 l( 1(re( e'e%/1i3( 4%om&en.(1orio8 .i %7n$/lo -((-o5 l( 1(re( e'e%/1i3( 4

1o-(. l(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. /e .e le (1ri6/4en1o-(. l(. 0/n%ione. e'e%/1i3(. /e .e le (1ri6/4en&/e-en lle3(r.e ( %(6o5 &ero m(4or (%1i3(%in -e l(&/e-en lle3(r.e ( %(6o5 &ero m(4or (%1i3(%in -e l(7n./l( 4 zon(. (-4(%en1e.#7n./l( 4 zon(. (-4(%en1e.#

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