attitude & values

7/28/2019 Attitude & Values

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ATTITUDE & VALUES

Dr. Anita Singh


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Attitudes

Attitudes

Evaluative

statements orjudgmentsconcerningobjects,

people, orevents.

Affective ComponentThe emotional or feeling segmentof an attitude.

Cognitive componentThe opinion or belief segmentof an attitude.

Behavioral ComponentAn intention to behave in a certainway toward someone or something.


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The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Desire to reduce dissonance

Importance of elements creating dissonance

Degree of individual influence over elements

Rewards involved in dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudesor between behavior and attitudes.


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Measuring the A-B Relationship

Recent research indicates that attitudes (A)significantly predict behaviors (B) whenmoderating variables are taken into account.

Moderating Variables

Importance of the attitude

Specificity of the attitude

Accessibility of the attitude

Social pressures on the individual

Direct experience with the attitude


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Types of Attitudes

Job InvolvementIdentifying with the job, actively participating in it,and considering performance important to self-worth.

Organizational CommitmentIdentifying with a particular organization and itsgoals, and wishing to maintain membership in theorganization.

Job SatisfactionA collection of positive and/or negative feelings thatan individual holds toward his or her job.


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Types of Attitudes

Employee Engagement

An individuals involvement with, satisfaction with, and

enthusiasm for the organization.

Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about

their well-being.


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An Application: Attitude Surveys

Attitude Surveys

Eliciting responses from employees throughquestionnaires about how they feel about their jobs,work groups, supervisors, and the organization.


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Sample Attitude Survey


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2005 Prentice Hall Inc. Allrights reserved.

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Attitudes and Workforce Diversity

Training activities that can reshape employee

attitudes concerning diversity:

Participating in diversity training that provides forself-evaluation and group discussions.

Volunteer work in community and social serve

centers with individuals of diverse backgrounds.

Exploring print and visual media that recount and

portray diversity issues.


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2005 Prentice Hall Inc. Allrights reserved.

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Responses to Job Dissatisfaction

E X H I B I T 35Source: C. Rusbult and D. Lowery, When

Bureaucrats Get the Blues,Journal of


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ValuesValues

Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct orend-state of existence is personally or sociallypreferable to an opposite or converse mode of

conduct or end-state of existence.

Value System

A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individualsvalues in terms of their intensity.


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Importance of Values

Provide understanding of the attitudes,motivation, and behaviors of individualsand cultures.

Influence our perception of the worldaround us.

Represent interpretations of right and

wrong. Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are

preferred over others.


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Types of Values- Rokeach Value

SurveyTerminal Values

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that aperson would like to achieve during his or herlifetime.

Instrumental Values

Preferable modes of behavior or means of achievingones terminal values.


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Hofstedes Framework for Assessing

CulturesPower Distance

The extent to which a society accepts that power ininstitutions and organizations is distributedunequally.

low distance: relatively equal distributionhigh distance: extremely unequal distribution


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Hofstedes Framework (contd)Collectivism

A tight social framework inwhich people expectothers in groups of which

they are a part to lookafter them and protectthem.

Individualism

The degree to whichpeople prefer to act asindividuals rather than

a member of groups.


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Hofstedes Framework (contd)

Achievement

The extent to which societal values are characterizedby assertiveness, materialism and competition.

Nurturing

The extent to which societal values emphasizerelationships and concern for others.


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Hofstedes Framework (contd)

Long-term Orientation

A national culture attribute that emphasizes thefuture, thrift, and persistence.

Short-term Orientation

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the

past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfillingsocial obligations.

attitude & values

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